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    Lecturer Asif Ali Magsi

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    Sirat Khan
    The document provides an overview of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It describes the main components and functions of the GI tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. Key points covered include the roles of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. Diagrams are included to illustrate the normal anatomy and configuration of the GI tract.

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    Lecturer Asif Ali Magsi

    Uploaded by

    Sirat Khan
    21 views23 pages
    The document provides an overview of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It describes the main components and functions of the GI tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. Key points covered include the roles of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. Diagrams are included to illustrate the normal anatomy and configuration of the GI tract.

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    1.A & P of GI

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    The document provides an overview of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It describes the main components and functions of the GI tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. Key points covered include the roles of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. Diagrams are included to illustrate the normal anatomy and configuration of the GI tract.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    21 views23 pages

    Lecturer Asif Ali Magsi

    Uploaded by

    Sirat Khan
    The document provides an overview of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It describes the main components and functions of the GI tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. Key points covered include the roles of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. Diagrams are included to illustrate the normal anatomy and configuration of the GI tract.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lecturer Asif Ali Magsi

    1
    2
    • It is responsible for breaking down the complex
    food into simple nutrients the body can absorb
    and convert into energy.
    • This process is known as digestion.
    • Also known as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or
    the alimentary system.
    • The GI tract is a 23 to 26 foot long (7 m to 7.9 m)
    pathway that extend from the mouth to the
    esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine
    and rectum to the terminal structure, the anus. 3
    • FUNCTIONS: ingest food
    – DIGESTION: break it down into small molecules
    – ABSORPTION: absorb nutrient molecules
    – ELIMINATION: eliminate nondigested wastes

    4
    5
    Figure 20-1 Normal configuration of the GI tract. 6
    7
    • Digestion begins in the mouth where the teeth
    mechanically break food down into smaller pieces
    by chewing and mixing it with saliva.

    • The food is then swallowed and transported


    down into the esophagus through the rhythmic
    contraction of muscles known as peristalsis.

    8
    • Hard Palate
    – Anterior roof
    • Soft Palate
    – Posterior Roof
    • Uvula
    – Projection of soft palate
    • Lingual Frenulum
    – Attaches tongue to mouth floor

    9
    • Passageway for
    food and air

    10
    11
    • Cardio-esophageal
    Sphincter
    – Opening at top of stomach
    • Gastric Juice
    – Stomach acid
    • Chyme
    – Substance left after stomach
    digestion
    • Pyloric Sphincter
    – Opening at bottom of
    stomach leads to intestines
    12
    • Approximately 20 to 25 feet long and is
    responsible for absorbing nutrients from
    the chyme (semi-liquid mass of partially
    digested food).

    • Small intestine divided into: duodenum


    (first 10-12 inches); jejunum (the middle
    8-10 feet) and the ileum (the distal 12
    feet).
    13
    14
    15
    16
    • Parotid glands- near ears in
    mouth
    • Submandibular and
    sublingual glands
    – Produce saliva under tongue
    • Saliva
    – Moistens food
    – Helps start starch digestion

    17
    • Produces enzymes that break food down
    • Empties into small intestine
    • Neutralizes gastric acid
    • Produces insulin and
    glucagon

    18
    • Convert glucose into glycogen for storage.
    • Produces bile
    • Bile enters small intestine
    • Helps breakdown lipids

    19
    • A pear-shaped sac attached to the underside
    of the liver.
    • Stores and concentrates the bile until it is
    needed in the small intestine.

    20
    • Decrease in peristalsis.
    • Oral changes.
    • Decrease in enzyme secretion.
    • Decrease in saliva.

    21
    Figure 20-2 Normal changes of aging related to the gastrointestinal tract.

    22
    • Smeltzer. S. C., Bare. B.G., Hinkle. J. L &
    Cheever. K. H. (2010). Textbook of Medical –
    Surgical Nursing. Vol -I (12th Ed.). Lippincott
    Williams & Williams. Tokyo.

    23

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