Human Body Systems
Brain Pop Video – Human Body Systems
Skeletal System
• Functions:
1. Provides shape & support
2. Helps you move
3. Protects organs
4. Produces blood cells
5. Stores certain materials
Skeletal System
• Protects internal organs:
– Skull … protects the brain
– Ribs … protect the heart & lungs
– Vertebrae … protects the spinal cord
– Femur … produces blood cells in the leg
– Humerus … produces blood cells in the arm
Organs of the Skeletal System
• Bones
• Cartilage
– Connective tissue that is more flexible than bone
– Ex: nose, tops of ears, ends of bones
• Ligaments
– Hold bones together to form joints
Bone Marrow
• Marrow – soft connective tissue found in
spaces in bone
– Red marrow
• Produces the body’s blood cells
– Yellow marrow
• Stores fat (energy reserve)
Muscular System
• Some functions:
1. Helps the body move
2. Moves food through
the digestive system
3. Keeps the heart
beating
Muscle Action
• Involuntary muscle
– Muscles not under your conscious control
• Ex: muscles used for breathing & digesting food
• Voluntary muscles
– Muscles that are under your conscious control
• Ex: Smiling, turning the pages in a book, walking to
class
3 Types of Muscle Tissue
• Skeletal
– Attached to bones & move bones using tendons
• Connective tissue attaching muscles to bones
– Striated, or banded
– Voluntary
• Smooth
– Inside many internal organs
– Involuntary
– Ex: Stomach
• Cardiac
– Found only in the heart
– Involuntary
– Never gets tired (unlike skeletal muscles)
How do muscles work?
• Muscles move by contracting, or becoming
shorter
• Must work in pairs
– One contracts, the other returns to its original length
Summary
• Explain how these two body systems work
together to support homeostasis in humans:
and
Respiratory System
Why the body needs oxygen…
Respiratory System
• Function:
– Moves oxygen from the
outside environment
into the body.
– It also removes carbon
dioxide and water from
the body.
Path of Air into the Body
• Path of air into the body:
nose pharynx trachea bronchi alveoli
How you breathe:
Diaphragm – large dome-shaped muscle used
in breathing.
Structure of the Lungs
Transfer Between the Lungs and the Blood
Circulatory System
(aka Cardiovascular System)
Function:
Carries needed
substances to cells and
carries wastes away from
cells.
Organs
• Heart
– Hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood
throughout the body.
Path of Blood Through the Heart
Organs – Blood Vessels
• Arteries
– Blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood away
from the heart and to the body parts.
• Capillaries
– Small blood vessels where materials are
exchanged between the blood and the body’s cells
(oxygen & carbon dioxide)
• Veins
– Carries oxygen-poor blood (w/carbon dioxide)
back to the heart (to be pumped out to the lungs)
Flow of Blood Through the Body
Blood Vessels
Blood
• Blood is made of 4 components (parts):
1.Plasma – liquid part of blood
2.Red blood cells – take up oxygen in the lungs
and deliver it to cells
3.White blood cells – the body’s disease fighters
(part of immune system)
4.Platelets – cell fragments used in forming
blood clots (that make scabs)
Digestive System
• Functions:
1. Breaks down food into
molecules the body can use.
2. Molecules are absorbed into
the blood & carried
throughout the body (by the
circulatory system).
3. Wastes are eliminated from
the body (by the excretory
system)
Roles of Organs
• Mouth – mechanical & chemical digestion
starts here
– Mechanical – physically breaking down food
(teeth)
– Chemical – breakdown of molecules of food
(saliva)
• Esophagus – muscular tube connecting the
mouth to the stomach
– Peristalsis (muscle contraction) moves the food
Roles of Organs
• Stomach
– Most mechanical digestion takes place
– Some chemical with the help of digestive juices
(enzymes & acids)
• Small Intestine
– Most of the chemical digestion takes place
– Absorption of nutrients from digested food into
the bloodstream
Roles of Organs
• Large Intestine
– Water is absorbed into the bloodstream
– Remaining material is readied for elimination from
the body
• Rectum
– Waste material is compressed into solid form
Path of food through Digestive System
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
eliminated from body
