6 Nov FINAL PPT 2

WASTE-WATER
TREATMENT IN
Tannery Industry
Table of Contents
1. About the Tannery industry
2. Processes involved
3. Sources of Wastewater Generation
4. Flow and Composition
5. Wastewater Treatment Methods
6. Wastewater discharge Standards

What is Tanning/Tannery
Tanning is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce
leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed.
2. Processes involved in Tannery industry
Pre Beam De-

Storage House Soaking Liming Pickling
Tanning Operation liming
Tanning Chrome Vegetable
Post Sammying Splitting

Shaving & Re-chroming/
Tanning Trimming Semi Chroming
Fat
Neutralisation Dyeing Liquoring Finishing
Pre Tanning Process
Storage : Involves dehydration with salt or air
Washing: Removes the dirt, salts, blood, manure and non-fibrous proteins.
Soaking: It restores the lost moisture
Liming: facilitate the removal of hair, flesh, fat. Two process i.e., dehairing and re-liming.
Deliming & bating: reducing the pH between 8-8.5 Bating makes leather slippery, smooth, increases width and diminishes its
wrinkles.
Pickling: Preparing hide for ‘chrome tanning’. prevent precipitation of the chromium salts on the skin fibers.
Degreasing: Removes natural grease, prevent metallic soaps & allows penetration of tanning liquors.
Tanning
• Chrome tanning and Vegetable tanning
• Total leather production in India, more than 80% - chrome tanning Others -vegetable tanning.
Chrome tanning: Basic chromium sulphate [Cr2(SO4)3] (7-10 %)

containing 25% Cr2O3 and sodium sulphate (25- 30%) . The pH is
increased to 3.8-4.0 at the end of chrome tanning process which is
called basification. The semi-finished leather after chrome tanning is
called wet blue. Much heavy metal is released in wastewater
Vegetable tanning: Plant extracts are used. The pH falls

down from 4- 4.5 to 3-3.5. Process is free of any heavy metal use,
the leather developed from this process has comparatively weaker
capacity of heat resistance and dye-holding.
Sources : Google images

Post Tanning Process
Sammying: To remove excess moisture in the wet blue.
̇Splitting: Material is split into required thickness using splitting machine
̇Shaving & Trimming: Semi-finished leather is leveled using shaving machine.
̇Re-chroming: Depending on the quality of wet blue, re-chroming is carried out to improve the chromium content in the leather.
̇Semi-chroming: Incase of vegetable tanned semi-finished leather, chrome tanning is given depending on the final leather quality.
̇Neutralization: pH is adjusted to 4.5-6.5
̇Dyeing: The leather is coloured using dyes
Fat-liquoring: Natural/synthetic oils are applied, imparting softness to leather
̇Finishing: Phenolics, melamine, acrylics, polymers, naphthalene, etc., are used for finishing to impart fullness to the leather.
3. Sources of Wastewater Generation
• Volume of wastewater (effluent) and its characteristics vary from tannery to tannery.
• They may also vary within the same tannery from time to time.
• The wastewater from beam house process viz. soaking, liming, deliming, etc., are highly
alkaline, containing decomposing organic matter, hair, lime, sulphide and organic
nitrogen with high BOD and COD.
• The wastewater from Tanyard process viz. pickling, chrome tanning are acidic and
colored.
• Effluent from vegetable tanning contains high organic matter.
• The chrome tanning wastes contain high amounts of chromium mostly in the trivalent
form.
Sources of Wastewater
Generation from Different
Processes and its Characteristics
Source: CPCB, Delhi

4. Wastewater Flow and Composition
Mass Balance Example
Source: UNIDO
Effect of waste on receiving stream
• High BOD, high SS, strong colour
• Rapid depletion of DO, due to chemical and biological oxidation of sulphur and organic compounds
• Deposition of solids near discharge point
• High chloride concentration results in water body (> 500 mg/L)
• Chromium is toxic to aquatic life, however, most of it gets precipitated when the waste is combined
• Vegetable tannins are reddish tan in colour and become inky blue when come in contact with water
• Application of wastewater on soil may make it unfertile
• Chromium in excess of 10-20 mg/L disturbs biological treatment. •
General Treatment Process
Tannery Effluent Treatment System

Main Phases of Treatment
• Preliminary treatment: to remove large particles, sand/grit and grease, but also
to significantly reduce the content of chrome and sulphides
• Physical-chemical treatment (primary): removal of settleable organic and
inorganic solids by sedimentation, and the removal of materials that will float
(scum) by skimming. Approximately 25-50% of the incoming (BOD), 50-70% of
total suspended solids (SS), and 65% of the oil and grease are removed during
primary treatment
• Biological treatment (secondary): removal of biodegradable dissolved and
colloidal organic matter using aerobic biological treatment processes
• Advanced (tertiary) treatment: to reduce residual COD load and/or when
specific wastewater constituents are not removed by previous treatment stages
• Sludge handling and disposal
STAN India Leather Industry images
Thankyou for Your Kind Attention
Any Question or Doubt is Welcomed

6 Nov FINAL PPT 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

6 Nov FINAL PPT 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

6 Nov FINAL PPT 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WASTE-WATER

3. Sources of Wastewater Generation

4. Flow and Composition

5. Wastewater Treatment Methods

6. Wastewater discharge Standards

Pre Beam De-

Tanning Chrome Vegetable

Post Sammying Splitting

Soaking: It restores the lost moisture

Chrome tanning: Basic chromium sulphate [Cr2(SO4)3] (7-10 %)

Vegetable tanning: Plant extracts are used. The pH falls

Sources : Google images

Sammying: To remove excess moisture in the wet blue.

̇Splitting: Material is split into required thickness using splitting machine

̇Shaving & Trimming: Semi-finished leather is leveled using shaving machine.

̇Neutralization: pH is adjusted to 4.5-6.5

̇Dyeing: The leather is coloured using dyes

Fat-liquoring: Natural/synthetic oils are applied, imparting softness to leather

Source: CPCB, Delhi

Tannery Effluent Treatment System

Any Question or Doubt is Welcomed

You might also like