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Introdution To HTML

The document provides an introduction to HTML including: - An overview of what HTML is and its purpose in creating documents for display on the web. - Descriptions of key HTML tags like <HTML>, <HEAD>, and <BODY> that are used to structure HTML documents. - Explanations of common HTML terminology like tags, attributes, and elements. - Details on how to create, save, and view a basic HTML file using tags. - Overviews of common text formatting tags in HTML.

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59 views69 pages

Introdution To HTML

The document provides an introduction to HTML including: - An overview of what HTML is and its purpose in creating documents for display on the web. - Descriptions of key HTML tags like <HTML>, <HEAD>, and <BODY> that are used to structure HTML documents. - Explanations of common HTML terminology like tags, attributes, and elements. - Details on how to create, save, and view a basic HTML file using tags. - Overviews of common text formatting tags in HTML.

Uploaded by

littlesilver0810
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

TO HTML
HTML CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• OBJECTIVE OF HTML
• WORLD WIDE WEB
• HTML TOOLS
• HTML TERMINOLGY
• HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT
• S A V I N G A N D V I E W I N G A H T M L DOCUMENT
• TEXT TEGS
• SPECIAL CHARTACTER
• ADVANTAGES OF HTML
• DISADVANTAGES OF HTML
INTRODUCTION OF HTML

• HTML is a language for describing web pages.


• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is not a programming language, it is
a markup language
• A markup language is a set of markup tags
• HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
INTRODUCTION OF HTML

• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to


create document on the World Wide Web. It is
simply a collection of certain key words called
‘Tags’ that are helpful in writing the document to
be displayed using a browser on Internet.
INTRODUCTION OF HTML
• It is a platform independent language that can be
used on any platform such as Windows, Linux,
Macintosh, and so on. To display a document in web it
is essential to mark-up the different e l eme n t s ( h e
adings, paragraphs, tables, and so
o n ) o f t h e document with the HTML tags. To view
a mark-up document u s e r h a s t o o p e n t h e d
ocument in a browser. A browser
understands and interpret the HTML tags, identifies the
structure of the document (which part are which) and
makes decision about presentation (how the parts look)
of the document.
INTRODUCTION OF HTML

• HTML also provides tags to make


the document look attractive using graphics, font
size and colors. User can make a link to the other
document or the different section of the same
document by creating Hypertext Links also known
as Hyperlinks
OBJECTIVE OF HTML

• create, save and view a HTML document


• format a web page using section heading tags
• describe Ordered and Unordered lists
• explain graphics in HTML document
• describe hypertext links and making text/image
link
WORLD WIDE WEB

• The World Wide Web (abbreviated


as WWW or W3 and commonly known as the
Web)is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via
the Internet. With a web browser, one can
view web pages that may contain text, images,
videos, and other multimedia and navigate between
them via hyperlinks.
HTML TOOLS

• There are two tools of HTML.


a)HTML Editor: it is the program that one uses
to create and save HTML documents. They fall
into two categories:
- Text based or code based which allows one to
see the HTML code as one is creating a
document.e.g. Notepad.
- Netscape composer
HTML TOOLS

b) Web Browser: it is the program that one uses to


view and test the HTML documents. They translate
Html encoded files into text,image,sounds and
other features user see. Microsoft Internet
Explorer,Netscape,Mosaic Chrome are examples of
browsers that enables user to view text and images
and many more other World Wide Web
featueres.They are software that must be installed
on user computer.
HTML TERMINOLGY

• Some commonly used terms in HTML are:


• a)Tag: Tags are always written within angles
brackets. it is a piece of text is used to identify an
element so that the browser realizes how to display
its contents.e.g.<HTML> tag indicates the start of
an HTML document .HTML tag can be two types.
They are:-
HTML TERMINOLGY

• -Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if text


is placed between a tag and its companions tag. In
paired tag ,the first tag is referred to as opening tag
and the second tag is referred to as closing tag.
HTML TERMINOLGY

• -Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not


have a companion tag .unpaired tag also
known as singular or Stand-Alone
tags.e.g:<br>,<hr> etc.
HTML TERMINOLGY
b) Attribute: Attribute is the property of an tag that
specified in the opening angle brackets. It supplies
additional information like colour's, size, home
font-style etc to the browser about a tag. E.g. most
of the common attributes are height, colours,
width, arc, border, align etc.
HTML TERMINOLGY
c) DTD: Document Type Definition is a collection of
rules written in standard Generalized Mark-up
Language(SGML).HTML is define in terms of its
DTDs. All the details of HTML tags, entities and
related document structure are defined in the
DTDs.
HTML TERMINOLGY
d) ELEMENT: Element is the component of a
document’s structure such as a title, a paragraph or
a list. It can include an opening and a closing tag
and the contents within it.
HOW TO CREATE AN HTML DOCUMENT

• The essential tags that are required to create a


HTML document are:
• <HTML>.............</HTML>
• <HEAD>.............</HEAD>
• <BODY>.............</BODY>
HTML Tag <HTML>

• The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags


and associated text within your document. It is an
optional tag. You can create an HTML document
that omits these tags, and your browser can still
read it and display it. But it is always a good form
to include the start and stop tags. The format is:
HTML Tag <HTML>

• <HTML>
Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML
tags) goes here
• </HTML>
Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and
closing tag. The closing tag is the same as the
opening tag, except for the slash
mark e.g. </HTML>. The slash mark is always used
in closing tags.
An HTML document has two distinct parts
HEAD and BODY

• <HTML>
• <HEAD>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </HEAD>
• <BODY>
• .............
• .............
• .............
• </BODY>
• </HTML>
HEAD Tag <HEAD>

• HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It


contains TITLE tag to give the document a title that
displays on the browsers title bar at the top. The
Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
BODY Tag <BODY>

• The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of


the document with all the HTML tags that are used
for control and formatting of the page. The Format
is:

<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
BODY Tag <BODY>

An HTML document, web page can be created using a text


editor,
Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should
have the
extension .htm or html. It require a web browser like
Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view
the
document.
Attributes used with <BODY>
• BGCOLOR: u s e d t o s e t t h e b a c k g r o u n d c o l o r f
o r t h e document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
• TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML:: 77
Document text changed to red color
</BODY>
Document text changed to red color
Attributes used with <BODY>
• MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the document
LEFTMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side
of the page.
</BODY>
• TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document Example:
<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">
This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.
</BODY>
Attributes used with <BODY>

• BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an


image file (the files with an
extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be used as the
background of the document. The image file
will be tiled across the document. Example:
<BODY BACKGROUND="filename. if">
Your document text goes here
</BODY>
Follow the steps to create and view
in browser
• Step-1: O p e n t e x t e d i t o r N o t e p a d ( c l i c k o n Star
t→ A l l Programs→ Accessories Notepad)
• Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
SAV I N G AN D V I E W I N G A
H T M L DOCUMENT

• Step-3: Save the file as myfirstpage.html (go to


File-Save As give File name: myfirstpage.html-
choose save as type: All Files-click save)
• Step-4: Viewing document in web browser (open
Internet Explorer-click on File-Open-Browse-select
the file myfirstpage.html-click open-click ok
TEXT TAGS

• Text tag are dividing into two categories as:


-Character-level tags and attributes which applies to
formatting of individual letters or words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which apply
=To formatting of sections of text.
Character Formatting Tag

• The character formatting tags are used to specify


how a particular text should be displayed on the
screen to distinguish certain characters within the
document.
The most common character
formatting tags are

• Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD


Example: Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
• Italics <I>: displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
The most common character
formatting tags are

• Subscript <SUB>: displays text in Subscript


• Superscript <SUP>: displays text in Superscript
• Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller font as compared to normal font
• Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to normal font
• Underline<U>specifies that the enclosed text be underline
Example:<U> hello</u>
Output: hello
Font Colors and Size:<FONT>

• By using <FONT> Tag one can specify the colors, size


of the text. Example:
<FONT> Your text goes here </FONT>
Attributes of <FONT> are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red
(in RGB hexadecimal format), or by name. Example:
<FONT COLOR="RED"> Your text goes here
</FONT>
Font Colors and Size:<FONT
• SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value and it
will add with the default size.
• Example:
<FONT SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>
• FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on
the user’s machine.
• Example:
• <FONT FACE="ARIAL"> the text will be displayed in
Arial</FONT>
An HTML document formatText.html shows the
use of
Character Formatting Tags.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT

Welcome to the world of Internet

It is a Network of Networks
MARQUEE TAG

• This tag is used text horizontally across the


screen.it is mainly used to deliver a specfic
message to the visitor or to scroll Ads on a page.
• Example: <marquee> hello world></marquee>
Attributes of marquee tag

• Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the


marquee.
• Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box to
either left-to-right, right-to-left, up-to-down
and down-to-up.
• Width: This sets how wide the marquee should be.
• Loop: This sets how many times the marquee
should 'Loop' its text. Each trip counts as one loop.
paragraph Formatting Tag

• Paragraph level formatting applies to formatting of


an entire portion of text unlike character level tags
where only individual letters or words are
formatted.
The most common paragraph
formatting tags are
• Using paragraph tag: <P>
T h i s t a g < P > indicates a p a r a g r a p h , u s e d t
o s e p a r a t e two paragraphs with a blank line.
• Example:
<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
<P> First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes
here</P>
• Output:
Welcome to the world of HTML
First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes her
Using Line Break Tag: <BR>

• The empty tag <BR> is used, where the text needs


to start from a new line and not continue on the
same line. To get every sentence on a new line, it is
necessary to use a line break.
Using Line Break Tag: <BR>

• Example:
<BODY>National Institute of Open Schooling <BR>
B-31B, Calipash Colony <BR>
New Delhi-110048</BODY>
• Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Calipash Colony
New Delhi-110048
Using Preformatted Text Tag:
<PRE>
• <PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total
control over s p a c i n g a n d l i n e b r e a k s
such a s t y p i n g a p o e m . B r o w s e r
preserves your space and line break in the text
written inside the tag.
Using Preformatted Text Tag:
<PRE>
• Example:
<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
</PRE>
• Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
An HTML document control.html shows the use of
<P>,
<BR> and <PRE>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
An HTML document control.html shows the use of
<P>,
<BR> and <PRE>

</P>
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT
• HTML Tutorial
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used for
creating web page. It is very simple and easy to learn.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.


It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.


It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>

• An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines


and horizontal rules. It can be used to separate two
sections of text.
Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>

• Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
• Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.

The rest of the text goes her


<HR> accepts following attributes

• SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule.


The value is given as a pixel value.
Example: <HR SIZE="3">
• WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or a
relative width as percentage of the document width.
Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a
50 percent of the page width.
• ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT
and CENTER. It is applicable if it is not equal to width
of the page.
<HR> accepts following attributes

• NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute


is used; it specifies that the horizontal rule should
not be shaded at all.
• COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.
Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE“>
Example of <HR> with its attribute:
<HR ALIGN=' 'CENTER' ' WIDTH=' '50%' ' SIZE='
'3" NOSHADE
COLOR="BLUE“>
HEADING:
<H1>.............<H6>tags
HTML has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6>
used to specify section headings. Text with header
tags is displayed in larger and bolder fonts than the
normal body text by a web browser. Every .header
leaves a blank line above and below it when
displayed in browse.
Example: An HTML document,
headings.html shows the different section
headings
.
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Viewing output of HTML
document
headings.html in browse
This is Section Heading 1
This is Section Heading 2
This is Section Heading 3
This is Section Heading 4
This is Section Heading 5
This is Section Heading 6
SPECIAL CHARTACTER

• There are certain special characters that can be used


while creating document.Following are some special
character:
• Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp
♣♠♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts
All these special character must be ended with a
semicolon;
Example:

<PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY;
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>
• Output:
The copyright symbol is:©
The registered rank is:®
List Elements

• HTML supplies several list elements. Most list


elements are composed of one or more <LI> (List
Item) elements.
• UL : Unordered List. Items in this list start with a
list mark such as a bullet. Browsers will usually
change the list mark in nested lists.
List Elements

• <UL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
• </UL>
• List item …
• List item …
List Elements

• You have the choice of three bullet types:


disc(default), circle, square.
• These are controlled in Netscape Navigator by the
“TYPE” attribute for the <UL> element.
List Elements

• <UL TYPE=“square”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
• </UL>
 List item …
 List item …
 List item …
List Elements

• OL: Ordered List. Items in this list are numbered


automatically by the browser.
• <OL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
• </OL>
List Elements

1. List item …
2. List item …
3. List item
• You have the choice of setting the TYPE Attribute
to one of five numbering styles.
List Elements
List Elements
• You can specify a starting number for an ordered list.
<OL TYPE =“i”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
<P> text ….</P>
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
List Elements

i. List item …
ii. List item …

Text ….

iii. List item …


ADVANTAGES OF HTML

• Easy to use
• Loose syntax (although, being too flexible will not
comply with standards).
• Supported on almost every browser, if not all
browsers.
• Widely used; established on almost every website,
if not all websites.
ADVANTAGES OF HTML

• Very similar to XML syntax, which is increasingly


used for data storage.
• Free - You need not buy any software.
• Easy to learn & code even for novice programmers.
DISADVANTAGES OF HTML

• It cannot produce dynamic output alone,


since it is a static language
• Sometimes, the structuring of HTML
documents is hard to grasp
• You have to keep up with deprecated tags,
and make sure not to use them
DISADVANTAGES OF HTML

• Deprecated tags appear because another


language that works with HTML has replaced
the original work of the tag; thus the other
language needs to be learned (most of the time,
it is CSS)
• Security features offered by HTML are limited

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