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Light Level Sensor

This document summarizes a student project to build a light sensor circuit using a light dependent resistor (LDR). The circuit components include an LDR, LED, transistor, resistors, and breadboard. The working principle is that the LDR's resistance decreases with increasing light, allowing more voltage to reach the transistor's base and turn on the LED. The circuit can automatically control loads based on light intensity. Applications include consumer electronics, medical devices, and solar energy systems.

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Zaid Mustafa
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29 views9 pages

Light Level Sensor

This document summarizes a student project to build a light sensor circuit using a light dependent resistor (LDR). The circuit components include an LDR, LED, transistor, resistors, and breadboard. The working principle is that the LDR's resistance decreases with increasing light, allowing more voltage to reach the transistor's base and turn on the LED. The circuit can automatically control loads based on light intensity. Applications include consumer electronics, medical devices, and solar energy systems.

Uploaded by

Zaid Mustafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Al-Nahrain University

College of Engineering
Biomedical Eng. Dep.

Light level Sensor

4th Group
Zahraa Essa
Manar Abdulkareem
Methal younis 3rd Stage
Introduction
› The light sensor circuit is an electronic circuit
designed using (light sensor) LDR.
› The light sensor is a passive devices that convert
this “light energy” whether visible or in the infra-red
parts of the spectrum into an electrical signal
output.
› By using this light sensor circuit, we can eliminate
manual switching as the loads can be controlled
automatically based on the daylight intensity.
Hence, we can describe it as an automatic light
senso
Circuit Components

› NPN transistor(BC547)
› LED (any color )
› Light Dependent Resistor
› 330ꭥ Resistor
› Variable Resistor
› Breadboard
› Power Supply: (5-12)V
› Few Breadboard connectors
Circuit Diagram
Functions Of Each Component
 Light Dependent Resistor :As its name
implies, It’s a resistor depends on the
intensity or brightness of light incident
on it and the relation is of inverse
proportionality. Which means that
when the intensity of light increases,
the LDR's resistance reduces and vice
versa.

 LED : The Led lights up when the


Transistor is on
 Variable Resistor :We used a resistor in series with the LDR to create
basically a voltage divider circuit to convert the change in resistance
of the LDR to change in voltage

 330K Resistor: prevent axcess current that can burn out the LED

 NPN Transistor: For an npn-transistor, the emitter, collector are of n-


junction and the base is of p-junction.
For the transistor to work or to allow current to flow from collector to
emitter, the voltage at the base should be above a certain threshold
voltage(𝑉_𝐵𝐸=0.7)
Working principle:

› From darkness , the LDR resistance reach 100Mꭥ


› We start by increasing the brightness of light , the resistance of
LDR decreases , so the voltage at the base of transistor
increases .
› Once this voltage increases above the required threshold voltage
at the base (, the LED turns on .
› As the light level falls back to darkness again the resistance of
the LDR increases causing the base voltage of the transistor to
decrease, turning the transistor off , and the LED turns off .
Applications
Some of the applications are;
› Consumer electronics ranging from compact disc
players to smoke detectors and even remote control
devices
› Medical applications such as equipment/instruments
used for measuring and analysis purposes , pulse
Oximetry.

› Solar energy systems such as solar panels


THANKS FOR LISTENING

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