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Process Control-3

This document discusses second order systems and their dynamic behavior. It explains that second order systems can arise from multicapacity processes, inherently second order physical components, or when a controller couples with a process. The dynamics of second order systems are then characterized, including their response to step changes. Specifically, it describes the behavior of underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped systems in terms of overshoot, decay ratio, period of oscillation, and more. Multicapacity processes are provided as an example of a second order system.

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48 views26 pages

Process Control-3

This document discusses second order systems and their dynamic behavior. It explains that second order systems can arise from multicapacity processes, inherently second order physical components, or when a controller couples with a process. The dynamics of second order systems are then characterized, including their response to step changes. Specifically, it describes the behavior of underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped systems in terms of overshoot, decay ratio, period of oscillation, and more. Multicapacity processes are provided as an example of a second order system.

Uploaded by

shizukakhan0319
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instrumentation and Process Control

Dynamic Behavior of Second Order Systems

Sobia Anwar
Department of Chemical Engineering, U.E.T. Lahore Pakistan

Modelling and Simulation


What do we discuss in this lecture?

1. What a second order system is and the


physical origin of system with second
order dynamics
2. Their dynamics characteristics
What is a Second Order System?

Transfer
Function
Physical Systems giving rise to Second Order System

 Multicapacity Processes

Processes that consist of two or more capacities (first order system) in


series, through which material or energy must flow
 Inherently Second Order Systems

Such as the fluid or mechanical solid components of the process


that possess inertia and are subjected to acceleration. Such systems
are rare in chemical processes.

A processing system with its controllers

May exhibit second or higher order dynamics. In such cases controller


which has been installed on a processing unit introduces additional
dynamics which, when coupled with the dynamics of the unit, give rise
to second or higher order behavior
Dynamic Response of Second Order System
Dynamic Response of Second Order System
Dynamic Response of Second Order System
Dynamic Response of Second Order System
Dynamic Response of Second Order System

A second order system with critical damping approaches its ultimate


value faster than does an overdamped system.
Dynamic Response of Second Order System
Dynamic Response of Second Order System
Dynamic Response of Second Order System

Determine the type of response for the following from the transfer
functions of second order systems
Characteristic of Underdamped System

Period of Oscillation

Overshoot (A/B) Decay ratio (C/A)


Characteristic of Underdamped System

Modelling and Simulation


Characteristic of Underdamped System

Modelling and Simulation


Characteristic of Underdamped System

Effect of damping factor on overshoot and decay ratio


Characteristic of Underdamped System

Rise time

Response time
Characteristic of Underdamped System

Modelling and Simulation


Characteristic of Underdamped System

A step change of magnitude 4 is introduce into a system


having transfer function G(s) = 10 / (s 2 + 1.6 s + 4), then
find out the vales of Overshoot, Decay ratio, and maximum
value of y(t).

Modelling and Simulation


Characteristic of Underdamped System

Modelling and Simulation


Characteristic of Underdamped System

Ultimate Value y(t ∞) =


Lim s 0[sy(s)]=10 = A

Modelling and Simulation


Characteristic of Underdamped System

Introduce a step change of magnitude 5 into the system and find


overshoot, decay ratio, maximum value of y(t), ultimate value y(t)
and period of oscillation.

Modelling and Simulation


MultiCapacity Processes as Second Order System
Non-Interacting Capacities
Non-Interacting Capacities
Effects of interaction on response to input step changes

2. As the number of capacities


in series increases, the delay in
the initial response becomes
more pronounced.

Modelling and Simulation

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