Potential Sources of Injury To The Care Giver

GROUP 2
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF
INJURY TO THE CARE GIVER
AND THE PATIENT
INTRODUCTION
 The perioperative environment poses many
hazards for both patients and operating room
personnel.
 The potential risk include;
i) Electric Shock
ii) Burns
iii) Fire Explosion
iv) Exposure to bloodborne pathogens
v) Inhalation of toxic substance
vi) Equipment Failure
CONT..
The health care facilities
should be as safe as possible.
 The potential hazard should
be identified and safe
practices established.
Patients and caregiver are
never completely free from
risk, but the risk can be
minimized
CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARD
 Hazards in operating room environment
classified as below :
A) PHYSICAL
i) Back injury
ii) Fall
iii) Noise pollution
iv) Irradiation
v) Electricity
vi) Fire
CONT..
B. CHEMICAL HAZARD
i) Anesthetic gases
ii) Toxic fumes from gases and liquid
iii) Cytotoxic drug
iv) Cleaning Agent
C. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
i) Patients (as host for or source of pathogenic
microorganism)
ii) Infectious waste
iii) Cuts or needle stick injuries
iv) Surgical Plumes
v)Latex Sensitivity
RISK MANAGEMENT
 Risk management is a process that
identifies, analyses and treats potential
hazards within a given setting.
 The risk management program of a
hospital is designed to “enhance the
safety of patients, visitors and
employees and minimize the financial
losses through risk detection,
evaluation and prevention.
CONT.
 Risk management consists of four (4)
related elements:
i) Administration;
ii) Prevention
iii) Correction
iv) Documentation
 To be more effective in the hospital
setting, risk management involves a
multidisciplinary and proactive
approach.
ADMINISTRATION
Regulation, recommendations, guidelines
and laws
 should be enforce to prevent disastrous
consequences of occupational hazards.
 Easy to do as reference
ADMINISTRATION
Policies and procedures
 should be written, reviewed periodically and

updated as appropriate
ADMINISTRATION
Protective attires and safety equipment
 should be made available to employees as
appropriate
 Example ; Lead gown should be available at
the present for procedure that need Imaging
Intensifier (II) intervention.
ADMINISTRATION
Monitoring devices
 Should be used in all hazardous location as
recommended by regulatory agencies
CONT..
Employees health services
 should be provided for
immunization, and in the event
of injury for e.g., Post-exposure
Prophylaxis (PEP).
REGULATION RECOMMENDATIONS,
GUIDELINE AND LAW
 The policies and
procedures of health care
facilities should be
developed and enforce in
compliance with local,
state, federal regulation
SPECIAL AGENCIES: HELP TO MEASURE STANDARD, GUIDELINES AND
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES
No. Agencies Roles
1 The American Conference of Set standards for threshold limit

Government Industrial Hygienist exposure to toxic material
(ACGIH)
2 The American National Sets standards to limit exposures to
Standards Institute (ANSI) devices that emit light or sound,
such as lasers, ultraviolet light , and
nonionizing radiation
3 The National Fire Protection Sets standards for electrical codes
Association (NFPA) and fire safety
4 The Joint Commission on Set standard of patients care for
Accreditation of Healthcare accreditation
Organization (JCAHO)
5 The Center For Disease Control Set standards for infection control
and Prevention (CDC)
6 The National Institute for Set standard for ventilation systems
Occupational Safety and Health and environmental protection in the
(NIOSH) workplace
SPECIAL AGENCIES: HELP TO MEASURE STANDARD,
GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES
No. Agencies Roles
7 The Environment Protection Set standards for the disposal of
Agency (EPA) infectious and hazardous waste
8 The U.S Food And Drug Sets standards and controls for the use
Administration (FDA) of drugs, biologics, devices, and
chemical in patients care
9 The Center for Devices and Sets standards for the management and
Radiologic Health (CDRH) monitoring of radiation in patients care
10 The National Patients Safety Sets goals for patients safety in health
Foundation (NPSF) organizations
PREVENTION
Regular in-service training programs
 Update policy/ guideline to keep operating
personnel informed hazards and safeguards
measures
Commission of new equipment

 Operating room personnel should be taught
how to use and care for new equipments
before its been put into services
eg. User training by sales representative
PREVENTION CONT..
Location and Use of Emergency Department
 Operating personnel must know the location
and the use of emergency equipment such as
fire extinguishers and shut-off valves
 How to operate the fire extinguisher?
(The Mnemonic PASS)

1. Pull the safety ring out of the handle
2. Aim the nozzle
3. Squeeze the handle
4. Sweep the spray over the base of the fire
PREVENTION CONT..
 Appropriate protective attire
Operating personnel must wear appropriate
protective attire when handling with biohazard
patients
 Routine preventive Maintenance

 Should be provided for all potentially
hazardous equipment. Eg: Request to do
PPM (Plan Preventive Maintenance) on ESU
(Electro-surgery Unit) every once a year in
order to prevent breakdown/ malfunction.
CORRECTION
Faulty or malfunctioning
equipment
 should be taking out of services
with immediate effect to
prevent harm to the patients
and the users
CORRECTION
Any form of injury
 should be reported, with medical attention
sought for, as soon as possible
 With unsafe conditions should be reported.
DOCUMENTATION
1. Record
 Record all information about
equipment in the theatre. EG :
a) Lead gown must be checked every
2 weeks, record documented.
b) Check all equipment in OR every
morning such as diathermy
machine, laparascopic machine &
items.Record and documented.
DOCUMENTATION
2. ORIENTATION
 A well planned orientation program for newly
employed staff or students in OR should be
organized.
Example; Compulsory to give orientation on
fire safety to every newly Operating room
personnel.
DOCUMENTATION
 Incident report
Incident report regarding injuries to health
care giver and patients should be filled in line
with the facility procedures . Example ;
a) Burn related to diathermy plates
b) Patient fall
c) Wrong site of operation procedure.
CONCLUSION
 The prevention of injuries is vital to
maintaining a safe environment.
 It is everyone’s responsibility.
~THE END~
THANK YOU

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GROUP 2

 should be written, reviewed periodically and

1 The American Conference of Set standards for threshold limit

Commission of new equipment

(The Mnemonic PASS)

 Routine preventive Maintenance

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