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    G7-Chapter 11

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    1) After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Western Europe transitioned to a feudal system characterized by lords granting land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service. 2) The Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left by the declining empire, with bishops and the Pope taking on political roles. Key figures like Clovis and Charlemagne allied with the Church to expand their kingdoms. 3) Feudalism structured society into levels with lords at the top, vassals and knights below them, and serfs at the bottom who lived and worked on manors. This system helped restore order but also concentrated power among the nobility.

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    G7-Chapter 11

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    1) After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Western Europe transitioned to a feudal system characterized by lords granting land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service. 2) The Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left by the declining empire, with bishops and the Pope taking on political roles. Key figures like Clovis and Charlemagne allied with the Church to expand their kingdoms. 3) Feudalism structured society into levels with lords at the top, vassals and knights below them, and serfs at the bottom who lived and worked on manors. This system helped restore order but also concentrated power among the nobility.

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    1) After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Western Europe transitioned to a feudal system characterized by lords granting land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service. 2) The Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left by the declining empire, with bishops and the Pope taking on political roles. Key figures like Clovis and Charlemagne allied with the Church to expand their kingdoms. 3) Feudalism structured society into levels with lords at the top, vassals and knights below them, and serfs at the bottom who lived and worked on manors. This system helped restore order but also concentrated power among the nobility.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views28 pages

    G7-Chapter 11

    Uploaded by

    kspslay2
    1) After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Western Europe transitioned to a feudal system characterized by lords granting land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service. 2) The Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left by the declining empire, with bishops and the Pope taking on political roles. Key figures like Clovis and Charlemagne allied with the Church to expand their kingdoms. 3) Feudalism structured society into levels with lords at the top, vassals and knights below them, and serfs at the bottom who lived and worked on manors. This system helped restore order but also concentrated power among the nobility.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 28

    Chapter 11

    From Empire to Feudalism


    Western Europe people
    • The main actors on the stage of world history
    Europe had tremendous potential for progress
    • Politics
    • Economics
    • Philosophy
    • Science
    • And all areas of life
    Politics and Christianity
    The Church as Heir to the Roman Empire
    • Pope Gregory the Great(ruled
    590-604) helped to fill the
    power vacuum in Europe.

    • Church had inherited the


    authority of the old Roman
    Empire
    Rome it had become a vast bureaucracy
    • Its territory was divided and
    subdivided into units with the
    same names as similar political
    units in the old empire such as
    diocese and parish
    • Pope headed the hierarchy
    (persons arranged in a series
    according to the degree of their
    power) of the Roman Church
    Pontifex maximus “high priest” – a title once used
    by Roman emperors
    • Military strongmen called lords who controlled small dominions
    The Franks –(German tribe) means “free”
    • France and Germany today
    • Established the first large empire in western Europe after the fall of
    Rome and helped popes acquire the worldly power they desired.

    Clovis – the first great Frankish military and political leader


    - Began the Merovingian series of kings, named for his grandfather
    Merovee.
    - 15 year old king, united the Franks as never before, not hesitating to
    double-cross, trick, or murder.
    - Soon covered the area formerly known as Gaul
    - Was extremely crafty warrior and ruler
    Clovis and Christianity
    • By 498 – Clovis was calling himself a Christian
    • God helped Clovis turn a losing military battle at Tolbiac in 496
    • He was baptized with his 3,000 men on Christmas Day in 498
    • Clovis soon began combining politics and religion-much like Constantine
    • Church council met in the city of Orleans
    • Roman church benefited having Clovis, for wherever Clovis conquered,
    the church conquered.
    • Clovis benefited from this relationship, for some people believed that
    God approved of everything Clovis did.
    • Mayors of the Palace – officials took over the kings’ duties.
    • Charles Martel – one of the famous mayors; he supported the
    missionary work of Bishop Boniface
    • Charles defeated Muslims at the Battle of Tours
    • Martel – means “Hammer”
    • Charles Martel’s victories prevented western from being swallowed
    up by the Muslim empire.
    Carolingian Kings
    • Pepin the Short – became Mayor of the Palace upon his father’s death
    • Bishop Boniface – crowned Pepin king in 751
    • Stephen II- a pope crossed the Alps into France to crown Pepin king
    again
    • Lombards –a Germanic tribe, showed interest in the pope’s territory
    • “Donation of Pepin” – a strip of land which Pepin donated to the pope
    became known as Papal States
    • “Patricians of the Romans” – The title given by the Pope to Pepin
    • Charlemagne, French for “Charles the Great” – the son of Pepin
    • Charlemagne – was called “leader of the Christian people” and
    “defender of the churches of Christ.”
    “Christian empire” – Charlemagne’s vast kingdom called.
    • Leo III – placed a crown of gold upon his head and called him Charles
    Augustus, emperor of the Romans.
    • Charlemagne considered himself “the ruler of both church and
    government; successor of Caesars, heir to the power of David and
    Solomon, anointed of God.”
    • Louis - Charlemagne’s son is remembered is history as “the Pious”
    because of the large role played by priest in his upbringing.
    ❑Treaty of Verdum – which divided the empire into three parts.
    Western - France
    Eastern - Germany
    Middle kingdom – Northern Italy
    ▪ Magyars – penetrating deep into southern Europe and even to Rome. Known as
    “Scourge of Europe” for their fierce raids
    - Settled down in the area known since as Hungary

    ▪ Moors – Muslims from North Africa


    ▪ Norsemen – German Barbarians, in Scandinavia. The Countries of Sweden,
    Denmark, and Norway today.
    some explored and settled Iceland and Greenland.
    Norsemen or Vikings had even reached the coasts of North America
    Feudalism- is a way of life-based upon the ownership and use of
    land.
    Fief – a piece of land owned by one man who permitted another man
    to use it in return for certain promised services.
    Lord – the man who owned the land
    Vassal – the man who used the land in exchange for his services
    Solemn vows:
    Homage – the vassal knelt and vowed to be his “lord’s man.”
    Oath of fealty- in which the vassal swore, sometimes with his hand on
    a Bible
    Act of investiture – the lord gave the vassal some objects
    Forfeiture – if vassal failed to honor his promises to his lord
    Origins of Feudalism:

    ✔ In the Roman Empire


    ✔ Among the German barbarians
    ✔ After Charlemagne
    ✔ Knights
    Western Europe Feudal system
    The Feudal System
    • Chivalry – feudal period, was the
    code of conduct for nobility and the
    knights

    • Knighthood:
    Page- (at the age of seven) a
    household servant in the service of a
    lord.
    Squire (at the age of 15 or 16) a
    personal servant to his lord
    Coat of arms – a group of emblems
    and figures usually displayed on a
    knight’s armor for identification
    purposes.
    Heraldry – the study of these
    emblems and their designs
    Castles – nobles heavily fortified
    dwellings (castra in Latin, a camp)
    Moat – a protective trench of water
    surrounded by many castles
    Drawbridge – a bridge that could be
    raised or lowered to access the
    castles
    Turrets - towers
    • Medieval sports – war
    • Joust- fought to unseat or unhorse each other
    • Tournaments – two teams of knights fought a mock battle that lasted
    an entire day and ranged over the whole countryside
    Falconry – nobles’ one of the favorites method of
    hunting
    Manors – estates belonging to the nobles
    Serfs – the farmers of the
    manors, lived in villages of
    ten to fifty families. If born a
    serf, one died a serf.
    Middle Ages people the vast
    majority did not live in
    castles and had no time or
    energy for games
    Churches
    • Each manor had its own little church
    • Most people were unable to read, and few had
    access to Bibles
    • The church had become a great landholder
    • Many bishops even became lords and vassals
    • As Europe disintegrated from an empire into
    Feudalism, the light Christ had brough into the
    world was dimmed.
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