Configuring and Testing Your Network

Configuring and Testing Your Network
Network Fundamentals Chapter 11
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Public
Objectives
Define the role of the Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

Use Cisco CLI commands to perform basic router and switch configuration and verification Given a network addressing scheme, select, apply, and verify appropriate addressing parameters to a host
Use common utilities to verify network connectivity between hosts

Use common utilities to establish a relative performance baseline for the network
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public
Topics
The Internetwork Operating System (IOS).
Devices that have the IOS embedded. IOS commands available to a device.
IOS modes of operation.

Basic IOS commands. Basic show commands. Configuration files
Cisco Public
Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
Cisco Public
Internetwork Operating System

Most Cisco devices use the Cisco IOS.
Details vary with the device and feature set. Normal access through a command line.
Stored in flash memory and can be upgraded.

Usually copied into RAM when the device is powered on, and run from RAM.
Cisco Public

Use the CLI to access various IOS configuration modes on a device
Cisco Public
Access to the interface

Console port via serial connection
Initial configuration Disaster recovery When network access has failed Password recovery As well as general management
Console access does not require a password. Configure a password. Lock the door.
Cisco Public
Telnet, SSH, Aux

Later management can be via Telnet
There must be an IP address on the port A password must be configured
Secure shell gives better security

AUX port can be used locally or via modem but by default does not show error messages
Cisco Public
Cisco Public
Cisco Public
10

4 different modes and the mode prompts in the CLI
Cisco Public
11

The basic command structure for IOS commands
Cisco Public
12

types of help and feedback available while using IOS and use these features to get help, take shortcuts and ascertain success
Cisco Public
13

Identify the purpose of the show command and several of its variations
Cisco Public
14

Identify several of the configuration modes, their purpose and their associated prompt
Cisco Public
15
Router IOS modes

User EXEC mode enable
+ password
disable
Privileged EXEC mode
Configure terminal
Exit or Ctrl+z
Global Configuration mode

Various commands Exit End
Specific Configuration modes

16
Configuration files
Hold the commands that have been configured on the router to customise it.
Running configuration in RAM holds commands that are in current use Startup configuration in NVRAM holds saved commands. These are kept when the power is off and usually copied back into RAM when the router is restarted.
Cisco Public
17
Router storage areas

ROM
Permanent Holds POST, boot instructions, basic IOS
Flash
Keeps contents Holds IOS image
NVRAM
Keeps contents Holds startup configuration file
RAM
Volatile Holds runnning config, tables, queues etc
Cisco Public
18
EXEC modes
You log in to User EXEC mode Router>
You can give basic monitoring commands but cannot change the configuration
Enter enable to go to Privileged EXEC mode Router#

Password may be used for security
You can give more commands and can go to configuration modes
Cisco Public
19
Configuration modes
Start in privileged EXEC mode and enter the configure terminal (config t) command Router# config t Router(config)# The prompt changes
This is global configuration mode Additional commands take you to interface configuration, router configuration etc.
Cisco Public
20
Leaving configuration modes

From interface configuration mode there are several ways of getting to privileged EXEC
Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)# exit Router# Router(config-if)# end Router# Router(config-if)# Ctrl+z Router#
Cisco Public
21
Command Structure
Followed by <Enter>
22
? To get help
? Gives a list of commands available from the current prompt.
Command followed by space then ? Gives a list of keywords or arguments that can be used. Start of command followed by ? with no space shows how the word can be continued.
Cisco Public
23
Shortened commands
Router#show running-config
Router#show run Router#sh ru
It needs enough letters of each word to be unambiguous. (Tab key shows whole word)
Router#s ru
% Ambiguous command: s
Cisco Public
24
Other error messages

Switch#clock set
% Incomplete command
Switch#clock set 19:50:00 25 6

% Invalid input detected at ^ marker Router#show runming-config % Invalid input detected at ^ marker
25
Keyboard shortcuts
Tab completes a partial command
Backspace erases to left of cursor Ctrl+D erases at cursor (Delete does not)
Ctrl+Z returns from any config mode to privileged exec mode

Ctrl+C leave Setup mode
Cisco Public
26
At the ---More--- prompt

Enter shows the next line
Spacebar shows the next screenful
Needed with commands such as show running-config that produce more than one screen of text.
Cisco Public
27
Show commands
Show ? To get a list
Many different show commands to give information about every aspect of the router and its operation We use some of the most common.
Cisco Public
28
General show commands

Show running-config shows the configuration file from RAM
Show startup-config shows the saved configuration file from NVRAM Show version gives information about the IOS and the router itself. It shows the configuration register, which controls how the router starts up.
Cisco Public
29
Show interfaces
Gives statistics for all interfaces
In particular, says if the interface is up and if the protocol is up important in troubleshooting. Show interfaces serial 0/0 to show one selected interface You can shorten to show int s 0/0 Show ip interfaces gives IP statistics
Cisco Public
30
Save configuration
Router#copy running-config startup-config Router#copy run start (shortened) Router#wr (Old fashioned, short for write, but it works and is safe.) Beware! A typing error in the copy command can delete the operating system. If you get an odd message about Flash hands off call for help.
Cisco Public
31
Hostname
Router>enable
Router#config t Router(config)#hostname Paris
Paris(config)#
Configure a suitable hostname so that you know which router you are managing and so that you can identify it in network documentation.
Cisco Public
32
Console password
Paris(config)#line con 0
Paris(config-line)#password cisco Paris(config-line)#login
Paris(config-line)#exit
Restricts access via the console Use cisco as the password in labs. Use a proper strong password on production networks
Cisco Public
33
Vty password for Telnet

Paris(config)#line vty 0 4
Paris(config-line)#password cisco Paris(config-line)#login
Paris(config-line)#exit
Allows and restricts access via 5 vty lines Use cisco as the password in labs. Use a proper strong, different password on production networks
Cisco Public
34
Enable and enable secret

Paris(config)#enable secret class
The password class is needed when you type enable to enter privileged exec mode This password is encrypted Paris(config)#enable password cisco Not encrypted, used on older routers
If you configure both, then only the enable secret is used.
Cisco Public
35
Message of the day

Paris(config)#banner motd # No unauthorised access #
# is a delimiter to show where the message starts and ends. Any character can be used as long as it does not appear in the message. The message should make it clear that unauthorised access is forbidden.
Cisco Public
36
Reload
Shuts down the router and then starts it again.
If the configuration has changed then you are prompted to save it. The running configuration in RAM is lost. The startup configuration from NVRAM is (usually) loaded into RAM on startup.
Cisco Public
37
Back up to TFTP server

Start TFTP server software on host
Paris#copy running-config tftp Remote host []? 172.16.1.1
Name of configuration file to write [Paris-config]? Paris12Oct07

Write file Paris12Oct07 to 172.16.1.1? [confirm] y
Writing Paris12Oct07 ! ! ! ! ! ! [OK]
Cisco Public
38
Back up as text file

Start text capture
Name file show run
Stop text capture

Open saved file and tidy up. Remove unwanted symbols at More-- No shutdown command on interfaces Passwords in plain text (ouch!)
39
TeraTerm text file

TeraTerm is an open source Telnet client.
It can also act as a SSH client It can capture text and save it as a file.
Cisco Public
40
Erase startup configuration

Paris#erase NVRAM:startup-config
Paris#erase startup-config Paris#erase start
If you reload, then the router starts up with the default configuration. No passwords, no IP addresses etc.
Caution if you get this command wrong then you could erase something else, e.g. IOS
Cisco Public
41
Restore file from TFTP server

Router#copy tftp running-config
You will be prompted for IP address and file name. Configuration is copied into RAM and takes effect at once. Save to NVRAM.
Cisco Public
42
Restore text file

Go to global configuration mode
Hyperterminal Transfer menu Send text file Or Copy text from text file Paste to host into Hyperterminal session
Cisco Public
43
Configure a router interface

Paris(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/0
Paris(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.0.0 Paris(config-if)#no shutdown
Paris(config-if)#exit
Interface names vary, depending on whether the router is modular and on the bandwidth.
E.g. interface Ethernet 0 on an older router
Cisco Public
44
Configure a router interface

Paris(config)#interface serial 0/0
Paris(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 (Paris(config-if)#clock rate 64000)
Paris(config-if)#no shutdown
Paris(config-if)#exit
DCE only
Cisco Public
45
Description
Paris(config)#interface fa0/0
Paris(config-if)#description Connects to Paris central switch Can include circuit and contact information Not needed for the operation of the router Valuable for documentation as it is included in the configuration listing
Cisco Public
46
Switch interfaces
Switch physical interfaces do not have IP addresses
They are active by default and do not need the no shutdown command. It can be useful to give them a description.
Cisco Public
47
Switch IP address
The switch IP address goes on a virtual interface, not a real one, normally VLAN1.
SwA(config)#interface VLAN1 SwA(config-if)#ip address 172.16.255.1 255.255.0.0 SwA(config-if)#no shutdown SwA(config-if)#exit
Cisco Public
48
Switch default gateway

SwA(config)#ip default gateway 172.16.255.254
Just like a workstation, a switch needs a default gateway if it exchanges messages with devices on a different network. The default gateway is the address of the local router.
Cisco Public
49
Interface show commands

show interfaces states whether up or down, gives some protocol information and statistics about interface use.
show ip interface gives IP addresses and much more. show ip interface brief gives summary of IP addresses and whether up/down. Very useful command.
Cisco Public
50
Up or down
Interface status: Layer 1
Up Down Administratively down (no shutdown to bring up)
Protocol: Layer 2
Up Down (no keepalive signal received)
Cisco Public
51
Ping step by step

Ping 127.0.0.1 (loopback, is TCP/IP OK?)
Ping own IP address (are NIC hardware and software all right? Is IP address bound?) Ping local hosts (checks own configuration and that of others) Ping gateway Ping other intermediate routers Ping hosts on remote networks
Cisco Public
52
Network baseline
Measure and record performance
At different times Under different conditions Repeatedly over a period of time
Build up a record of network performance

Useful in troubleshooting and optimising the network Helps predict future problems Helps planning for change
Cisco Public
53
Find out about nodes

Ping used from workstation, router or switch shows if destination can be reached
Traceroute shows hops along the path Arp -a on workstation shows list of MAC and IP addresses show mac-address-table on switch shows list of MAC addresses and switch ports
Cisco Public
54
Summary
Cisco Public
55
Cisco Public
56

Configuring and Testing Your Network

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Configuring and Testing Your Network

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Configuring and Testing Your Network

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Configuring and Testing Your Network

Network Fundamentals Chapter 11

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Define the role of the Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

Use common utilities to verify network connectivity between hosts

IOS modes of operation.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Internetwork Operating System

Stored in flash memory and can be upgraded.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Access to the interface

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Telnet, SSH, Aux

Secure shell gives better security

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Internetwork Operating System (IOS)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Router IOS modes

Privileged EXEC mode

Global Configuration mode

Specific Configuration modes

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Router storage areas

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Enter enable to go to Privileged EXEC mode Router#

You can give more commands and can go to configuration modes

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Leaving configuration modes

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Other error messages

Switch#clock set 19:50:00 25 6

Ctrl+Z returns from any config mode to privileged exec mode

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

At the ---More--- prompt

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

General show commands

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.