Programming Teaching

and Learning: Issues

and Challenges

Siti Noor Binti Ahmad

Dr Juzlinda Ghazali
KUIS
 INTRODUCTION
Teaching and Learning
Undergrade, Introductory
Level
Computer Science , IT,
Engineering, Mathematic
(STEM)
.
Programming
Learning Programming
Difficult? Higher Failure Rate
Inadequate Knowledge
Question Problem Negative perception
Background and skill?
Teaching Challenge? Killer Subject

Competency
Research Direction
 LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Difficulties 1. Role and
2. Personal Trait LEARNER A Responsibility
3. Background
2. Teaching Approach
Knowledge
B EDUCATOR 3. Challenge
(Salleh et al., 2013, Cheah, 2020, Medeiros et al., 2019,
Rahim et al., 2018), Shargabi et al., 2020 (Cheah, 2020, Medeiros et al., 2019)

TEACHING APPROACH D
Teaching
Programming tool
Visualisation
Method:
1. By doing
C SYLLABUS
simulation 2. By example Pedagogy
Support/ maintenance 3. By
Online Demonstration Syllabus Content
Physical 4. Problem based Education Plan (Program
No Tool learning Structure)
5. Active learning
(Cheah, 2020, Medeiros et al., 2019)
and Exercise
6. Trace Driven
Teaching Apps
7. Pre-Recorded
8. Using Live
Example
(Salleh et al., 2013, Cheah, 2020 , Medeiros et al., 2019,
Olsson et al., 2015, Affandy, 2014)
 ISSUE AND CHALENGGES
(LEARNERS)
Problem Formulation and
Problem Solving Skill Program Comprehension
• Inadequate background • Problem Solving
knowledge • Mental Model
• Cognitive/Critical thinking 01 • Able to match abstract to
• Unable to understand real life
abstract programming • Algorithmic reasoning,
• Unable to create algorithm constructing, understanding
02
Solution Expression,
Motivation and behaviour evaluation and evaluation
• • Debug code
Confident
• • Trace code
Perception
• Poor Time Management
03 • Understand the
• Minimal work habit system
• • Rectify syntax error
Learning Capabilities
• Select appropriate
04 control structure
• Data structure
 ISSUE AND CHALLENGES
(EDUCATORS/FACULTY)
Teaching Method and Tool
Revisited Learner Challenge
• Change traditional method
(flexible) • To motivate learner and
• Use appropriate tool engagement
(existing/new) • Role of educators to motivate
. • Background knowledge.
Scale Problem
• Number and diversity in class Educator-Learner Communication
• Different Background of • Focus on learning
learners • Effective communication
• Limited resources • Ways of evaluation
• Difficulties to develop problem • Feedback
solving skill.

Choices of Programming
Language
Curriculum and instructions
 CONCLUSION
BIG FACTORS IN PROGRAMMING TEACHING
AND LEARNING COVER 4 AREAS
A. LEARNER
B. EDUCATOR
C. SYLABUS
D. TEACHING APPROACH

RESEARCH COVERS
A + other areas
A+ C less covered
A+D most covered

RESEARCH DIRECTION
• Improving Knowledge Background
• Problem Solving (understanding and
Characterization
• Tool and methods for problem
formulation, program comprehension
and Solution expression
• .Motivation (psychology, management)
 REFERENCE
1. Affandy (2014). The Integrated Software Visualisation Model to Support Novices’ Program Comprehension. Journal of
Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience , 20(10),
2. Amal A. Shargabi, Syed Ahmad Aljunid, Muthukkaruppan Annamalai, and Abdullah Mohd Zin. 2020. Performing Tasks Can
Improve Program Comprehension Mental Model of Novice Developers: An Empirical Approach. In Proceedings of the 28th
International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA,
263–273. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3387904.3389277
3. Cheah, C. S. (2020). Factors Contributing to the Difficulties in Teaching and Learning of Computer Programming: A Literature
Review. Contemporary Educational Technology, 12(2), ep272. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/8247
4. J. Siegmund, "Program Comprehension: Past, Present, and Future," 2016 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Analysis,
Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER), Suita, 2016, pp. 13-20, doi: 10.1109/SANER.2016.35.
5. M. -. Storey, "Theories, methods and tools in program comprehension: past, present and future," 13th International Workshop on
Program Comprehension (IWPC'05), St. Louis, MO, USA, 2005, pp. 181-191, doi: 10.1109/WPC.2005.38.
6. R. P. Medeiros, G. L. Ramalho and T. P. Falcão, "A Systematic Literature Review on Teaching and Learning Introductory
Programming in Higher Education," in IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 77-90, May 2019, doi:
10.1109/TE.2018.2864133.
7. S. R. Jantan and S. A. Aljunid, "An experimental evaluation of scaffolded educational games design for programming," 2012 IEEE
Conference on Open Systems, Kuala Lumpur, 2012, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICOS.2012.6417631.
8. Olsson, M., Mozelius, P., & Collin, J. (2015). Visualisation and gamification of e-Learning and programming education. Electronic
Journal of E-Learning.
• Infographic Style

THANK YOU
Dr Juzlinda Ghaz-
Siti Noor Ahmad
ali
[email protected]. [email protected].

Lecturer Senior Lecturer