Data us i n g

Analytic
s
Introduction to R
 INTRODUCTION TO R
R is a statistical programming language commonly used for statistical analysis, data
visualization, and other forms of data manipulation.

R Packages R Core R Studio

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 R STUDIO
IDE

Environmen
t
Source

Files/Plots/
Control
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Packages
 R STUDIO
IDE
How to setup working directory
We can setup the directory in RStudio IDE by using or typing the:

getwd() – to check the current directory

setwd() – to change the current directory

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 Arithmetic

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 Relational Operators

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 Logical Operators

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 SPACES BETWEEN CHARACTERS
Spaces between characters do not affect the code. It’s a good practice to add a space between characters to make it easier
to read.

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 Order of Operations

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 Order of Operations

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 Using MultipleParenthesis

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 Variables
In programming languages, we need to use various variables to store various information.
Variables are the reserved memory location to store values. As we create a variable in our
program, some space is reserved in memory.

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 Variables
In programming languages, we need to use various variables to store various information.
Variables are the reserved memory location to store values. As we create a variable in our
program, some space is reserved in memory.

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 Variables Naming Conventions
In programming languages, we need to use various variables to store various information.
Variables are the reserved memory location to store values. As we create a variable in our
program, some space is reserved in memory.

x 2Dave (can't start with a number) total_score%

Total (can't have characters other than dot (.) or
.mean.avgs.set underscore (_)
total_minus_input .3total_score (can start with (.), but not followed
userAverageScores by a number
Dave17 _total_score (can't start with _ )

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 PROBLEM SOLVING
PROCESS
Tools
OBJECTIVE
Prepare breakfast for the family

PROCEDURE
prepare the pan
add a little oil to the pan get 1 egg
Containers and
break and put the egg in the pan
Ingredients
put salt
cook for 1 minute
remove the egg from the pan repeat process 5 more times

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 R STUDIO
IDE
How to setup working directory
We can setup the directory in RStudio IDE by using or typing the:

getwd() – to check the current directory

setwd() – to change the current directory

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 Data Types and Data Structures

Data Data
Types Structures
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 Data Types

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 DATA 1 Vectors

STRUCTURES 2 Lists

3 Matrices

4 Arrays

5 Data Frames

6 Factors

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 Data Structures

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

Creating Vectors

1. Using the colon(:) operator

2. Using the seq() function

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

Creating Vectors

1. Using the c() function - combine

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

Creating Vectors

1. Using the c() function - combine

NOTE:c is variable
c() is the combine function

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

Accessing vector elements

Index number 5 not existing

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

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 Vector
In R, a sequence of elements which share the same data type is known as vector

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

Creating Data Frames Vectors as Columns

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

Creating Data Frames

Import a CSV file into R

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

Accessing Elements of a Data Frame

Returns items column as

Vector

Access elements as vector

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 Data Frame
Comprised of rows and columns, where elements of each column is of the same type

Slicing the Data Frame

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 Installing and Loading Packages
R packages are collections of functions and tools developed by the R community. They increase the power of R by improving
existing base R functionalities, or by adding new ones.

Example:

install.packages(“tidyverse”): Lets you install new packages (e.g., tidyverse package)

library(tidyverse): Lets you load and use packages (e.g., tidyverse package)

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 Accessing Help in R

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Next : Data Exploration