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Binary Codes-IISem

The document discusses different types of binary codes including weighted codes, non-weighted codes, binary coded decimal codes, alphanumeric codes, error detecting codes, and error correcting codes. It provides details and examples of excess-3 code and gray code which are types of non-weighted codes.

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Kaen Senpai
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23 views11 pages

Binary Codes-IISem

The document discusses different types of binary codes including weighted codes, non-weighted codes, binary coded decimal codes, alphanumeric codes, error detecting codes, and error correcting codes. It provides details and examples of excess-3 code and gray code which are types of non-weighted codes.

Uploaded by

Kaen Senpai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 In

Binary Codes
the coding, when numbers, letters or words are
represented by a specific group of symbols.
 The group of symbols is called as a code.
 The digital data is represented, stored and
transmitted as group of binary bits.
 This group is also called as binary code.
 The binary code is represented by the number as
well as alphanumeric letter.
Advantages of Binary Code

 Binary codes are suitable for the computer


applications.
 Binary
codes are suitable for the digital
communications.
 Binary codes make the analysis and designing of
digital circuits if we use the binary codes.
 Sinceonly 0 & 1 are being used, implementation
becomes easy.
Classification of binary codes

The codes are broadly categorized into following four


categories:
 Weighted Codes
 Non-Weighted Codes
 Binary Coded Decimal Code
 Alphanumeric Codes
 Error Detecting Codes
 Error Correcting Codes
Weighted Codes
 Weighted binary codes are those binary codes which obey the
positional weight principle.
 Each position of the number represents a specific weight. Several
systems of the codes are used to express the decimal digits 0 through
9.
 In these codes each decimal digit is represented by a group of four
bits.

Non-Weighted Codes
In this type of binary codes, the positional weights are not
assigned. The examples of non-weighted codes are Excess-3
code and Gray code.
Excess-3 code
 The Excess-3 code is also called as XS-3 code.

 It is non-weighted code used to express decimal numbers.

 The Excess-3 code words are derived from the 8421 BCD code words adding
(0011)2 or (3)10 to each code word in 8421.

 The excess-3 codes are obtained as follows −


Example:
Gray Code

 It is the non-weighted code and it is not arithmetic codes.


 That means there are no specific weights assigned to the bit position.
 It has a very special feature that, only one bit will change each time the decimal
number is incremented as shown in fig.
 As only one bit changes at a time, the gray code is called as a unit distance code.
 The gray code is a cyclic code. Gray code cannot be used for arithmetic operation.

Application of Gray code


 Gray code is popularly used in the shaft position encoders.
 A shaft position encoder produces a code word which represents the angular
position of the shaft.
Note: A shaft encoder, also known as a rotatory encoder, is a device that reports the
rotational angle of its shaft.
Shaft encoders are often used in robotic applications, computer mice and industrial
controls.
They are also frequently used in machine tool changers, camera lenses and telescopes.
Binary to Gray conversion :
 The Most Significant Bit (MSB) of the gray code is always equal to the MSB of the given binary code.
 Other bits of the output gray code can be obtained by XORing binary code bit at that index and
previous index.

Gray to Binary conversion:


Gray code table
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) code

 In this code each decimal digit is represented by a 4-bit binary number.

 BCD is a way to express each of the decimal digits with a binary code.

 In the BCD, with four bits we can represent sixteen numbers (0000 to 1111).

 But in BCD code only first ten of these are used (0000 to 1001). The remaining six code
combinations i.e. 1010 to 1111 are invalid in BCD.
 Advantages of BCD Codes
• It is very similar to decimal system.
• We need to remember binary equivalent of decimal numbers 0 to 9 only.

 Disadvantages of BCD Codes


• The addition and subtraction of BCD have different rules.
• The BCD arithmetic is little more complicated.
• BCD needs more number of bits than binary to represent the decimal number.
So BCD is less efficient than binary.

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