Third Year Engineering

A
Seminar on
“Battery Overheating Monitor & Notifier for Electric
Vehicles”

Prepared By

Mr. Laukik Balai

Roll no: C32207

Guided by
Prof. Priyanka Jadhav

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

STES SMT. KASHIBAI NAVALE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
PUNE-411041.
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ABSTRACT

Battery is the most essential component of any vehicle. So perfect maintenance of any
battery is very much essential for it to function properly. For perfect maintenance of
battery it’s temperature is an essential factor that should be considered. This has been
recognized in the design of battery modules and packs for pre-production prototype or
production EVs and HEVs. Designs are evolving and various issues are being addressed.
This presentation deals with different approaches to handle the battery temperature,
especially under challenging tropical outside conditions. A temperature sensing model is
developed and evaluated using combined data from a sensor matrix. .The goal is to avoid
excessive load on certain cells, which has a high impact on a safe use of the pack and
reduces lifetime significantly.
keywords : battery, battery modules, sensing model, sensor matrix, cells

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INTRODUCTION

 Battery is combination of two or more cells which used for transferring electrons or energy
from cathode (+ve terminal) to anode (-ve terminal) which are immersed in electrolyte.
 Batteries are classified in two type : Rechargeable & Non-rechargeable
 Batteries are generally used in many applications where energy storage is required . It is
simplest form storing energy.
 Batteries often generate heat during charge & discharge cycle which must be taken care off
.
 This batteries are also used in Electric Vehicles.
 The temperature of the battery being an important parameter, as it decides the current state
of the battery.
 If the temperature of the battery is high, it is a clear indication of the instability of the
battery or to be more precise, it depicts the behavior the battery under abnormal conditions.

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 As a result of overcharging, there can be emission of gases like Hydrogen, Oxygen, etc.
They are produced by evaporation of aqueous solution of the electrolyte, which is
sulphuric acid. Also there is a great possibility of emission of hydrogen sulphide gas also.
These gases are inflammable and create harmful working conditions in industrial areas.

 We have developed a notifying system that notifies the user when battery of Electric
Vehicle gets overheated.

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PROBLEM STATEMENT

As there is increase in manufacturing and usage of Electric Vehicles there is also

increase in case of EV battery overheating. The issue of overheating of battery mainly occurs
in summer season or due to overcharging of batteries. The overcharging of batteries cause
gazing of batteries which results in heat generation inside the battery. As a result of it the
temperature of battery arises which can lead severe damage to battery performance.

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OBJECTIVES

• To sense the temperature of battery of electric bikes during every condition such as being
idle, while charging , while riding, etc.

• To display the sensed temperature on the display screen while the bike is on.

• Also to notify the user/owner of bike when the battery gets overheated.

• By sensing the temperature indirectly the condition of battery can also judged.

• Emission of harmful gases can be prevented after taking measures from information from
sensor.

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SCOPE

• Protecting the safety of battery operated vehicle and detecting unsafe operating
conditions and responds.
• Prolongs life of battery (normal operating case.)
• The combination of advanced charging algorithm and adaptive management system
battery functioning can be improved.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

 Process in battery during charging

 Sabari Kandappan S

During charge-discharge cycling, batteries generate heat and this must be dissipated into the
environment so that the battery temperature does not increase continuously. Either charged or
dQ = I(U-V is charged, the operation of any battery produces heat because of the I2R losses
as current flows through the battery's internal resistance. This is also called Joule Heating.

 Performance in li-ion battery.

 Jaewan Kim, Jinwoo Oh, Hoseong Lee

Li-ion batteries’ performance is closely related to temperature, so it is important to

understand how heat is generated inside the battery.
Q = I(U-V) – I(
Q, I, U and V respectively represent the heat generation rate, the electric current passing the
cell, the open-circuit voltage and the cell voltage of the Li-ion batteries.

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 Design of battery thermal management system

 Ahmad A. Pesaran

There are several approaches to designing a BTMS. The approach depends on the desired
level of sophistication, availability of information, and timetable/budget for a particular
project. Based on our learning experience, we have proposed a systematic approach to
designing and evaluating a BTMS .

 Relation of temperature and battery

 Nora Martiny, Patrick Osawald

The temperature of the battery is a very important parameter, as it decides the current state
of the battery. If the temperature of the battery is high, it is a clear indication of the
instability of the battery or to be more precise, it depicts the behavior the battery under
abnormal conditions

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PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

1. Temperature Sensing: The first basic step of this system

is to sense temperature of battery using a LM35 sensor which
is placed near battery

2. Uploading :The Observed data is uploaded to backend

server to the admin.

3. Notifying: Here, if the sensed temperature is above the

specified value of temperature then the user/owner of vehicle
is notified.

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EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The Components used are :

1. LM35 Sensor
The LM35 collection is precision IC temperature sensors,
whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the temperature.
The LM35 as a result has an advantage over linear temperature
sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, because the user isn’t required to
subtract a massive constant.
The LM35 does now not require any outside calibration or
trimming to provide usual accuracies of±¼°C at room temperature
and ±¾°C over a full -55 to +150°C temperature range. It's also
simple and straight forward to convert the output voltage to
centigrade. The voltage input to LM35 can range from+ 4 Volts to
30 Volts. About 60 microamperes of current are consumed.

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2. Arduino Controller

The Uno is a microcontroller

board supports ATmega328P shown in
Fig. It's fourteen digital input/output pins
(of that half dozen will be used as PWM
outputs), half dozen analog inputs, a
sixteen MHz quartz, a USB association.
The Arduino is a microcontroller which is
used as a interfacing device in order to
display the required output on the display.
The board can treat an external supply
from 6 to twenty volts. If equipped but
7V, however, the 5V pin could provide but
five volts and therefore the board may
become unstable. The normal operating
range is 7 to 12 volts.

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3. LCD Display 16x2

The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is

one kind of electronic display module used in an
extensive range of applications like various circuits &
devices like mobile phones, calculators, computers,
TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for
multi-segment light-emitting diodes and seven
segments. The main benefits of using this module are
inexpensive; simply programmable, animations, and
there are no limitations for displaying custom
characters, special and even animations, etc.

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Cost Estimation

Sr.No. Components Quantity Cost/Unit Total Cost

1 Arduino Uno Controller 1 500 500

2 LM35 Sensor 2 30 60

3 LCD Display 16x2 1 300 300

4 Jumper Wire 3 40 120

Grand Total 980

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CONCLUSION

The presentation has discussed on method on sensing temperature of battery of electric

bikes. The overheating of battery produces many harmful gases which can prevented by
taking precautions after receiving notifications. The model is created by taking in
consideration the size available near the battery of electric bikes which is less.

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FUTURE SCOPE

• As the proposed system is particularly based for temperature monitoring for battery of
electric two-wheelers . We would also like to extend it for electric cars.
• Also we would like make it completely wireless as in proposed method there are lot of
connecting wires between components used, which makes it more complicated for
future maintenance .
• Also we would like to add an automatic cooling system when battery gets overheated or
temperature reaches above specified temperature.

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REFERENCES

[1]. Yong Tian, Dong Li, Jindong Tian, “An optimal nonlinear observer for state-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion
batteries”, Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2017 12th IEEE Conference
[2]. C. Wu, J. L. Sun, C. B Zhu, Y. W. Ge, Y. P. Zhao, "Research on overcharge and overdischarge effect on Lithium-
ion batteries", Proc. IEEE Veh. Power Propul. Conf., pp. 1-6, 2015.
[3]. H. V. Venkatasetty and Y. U. Jeong, “Recent advances in lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries, ” in Proc.
17th Annu. Battery Conf. Applications and Advances, Jan. 2002, pp. 173–178.
[4]. S. Nakano, Y. Goto, K. Yokosawa, K. Tsukada, "Hydrogen Gas Detection System Prototype with Wireless
Sensor Networks", Digest Tech. Papers IEEE Sensors 2005, pp. 159-162, October 31–November 3, 2005.
[5] Xia, Guodong, Lei Cao, and Guanglong Bi. "A review of battery thermal management in an electric vehicle
application." Journal of power sources 367 (2017): 90-105.
[6] Wang, Qingsong, Ping Ping, Xuejuan Zhao, Guanquan Chu, Jinhua Sun, and Chunhua Chen. " Thermal
runaway caused fire and explosion of the lithium-ion battery." Journal of power sources 208 (2012): 210-224.

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Thank
You
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