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4 - Cone

1. The document discusses solids whose volume is equal to one-third the product of the base area and altitude. Specifically, it describes cones and how to calculate their volume. 2. A cone is a solid bounded by a conical surface with a directrix that is a closed curve and a plane cutting through all elements. The volume of a cone is one-third pi times the radius squared times the height. 3. The document provides a derivation of the volume formula for a right circular cone using integral calculus and slicing the cone into thin discs.

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Carlus Alfonso Margarico
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71 views19 pages

4 - Cone

1. The document discusses solids whose volume is equal to one-third the product of the base area and altitude. Specifically, it describes cones and how to calculate their volume. 2. A cone is a solid bounded by a conical surface with a directrix that is a closed curve and a plane cutting through all elements. The volume of a cone is one-third pi times the radius squared times the height. 3. The document provides a derivation of the volume formula for a right circular cone using integral calculus and slicing the cone into thin discs.

Uploaded by

Carlus Alfonso Margarico
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solids for which Volume = 1/3 Area of Base x Altitude

CONE
Solids for which Volume = 1/3 Area of Base x Altitude

This refers to a group of solids in which the volume is equal to one-third of the product of base area and altitude. There
are two solids that belong to this group: the pyramid and the cone.
Like the cylinders and prisms, the name of pyramids and cones is according to the shape of their base. If the base is a
pentagon, then the pyramid is called a pentagonal pyramid; if the base is a circle, the cone is called a circular cone. The
formula for the volume of these solids is

Where Ab = area of the base, and h = altitude.


The Cone

The surface generated by a moving straight line (generator) which always passes through a fixed point (vertex) and always
intersects a fixed plane curve (directrix) is called a conical surface.

An element of a cone is the generator in any particular position.

A cone is a solid bounded by a conical surface whose directrix is a closed curve, and a plane which cuts all the elements. The
conical surface is the lateral area of the cone. The plane which cuts all the elements is the base of the cone.
Volume of a cone

Properties of a cone
Right Circular Cone

Any cone with circular right section is a circular cone. The right circular cone is a circular cone whose axis is perpendicular
to its base.
Derivation of the Formula for the Volume of a Right Circular Cone

To derive the volume of a cone formula, the simplest method is to


use integral calculus. The mathematical principle is to slice small
discs, shaded in yellow, of thickness delta y, and radius x. If we were
to slice many discs of the same thickness and summate their
volumes, then we should get an approximate volume of the cone.

The derivation usually begins by taking one such disc of thickness


delta y, at a distance y from the vertex of a right circular cone. The
radius of the disc is x, however, there will be a small error, shaded in
red, due to the thickness delta y. As the thickness reduces to zero
then so does the error.
Proportional triangles:
There are two right-angled triangles shaded in yellow. Their
sides are proportional:

The volume of a disc is:


Derivation of Formula for Lateral Area of the Right Circular Cone
1. Calculate the volume and weight of a pile of cone-shaped sand with a diameter of 8 m and a height of 4.5 m. The
density of sand is 1500 kg/m3.

SOLUTION

𝑑=8 𝑚
𝑑 8𝑚
𝑟= = =4 𝑚
2 2
h=4.5 𝑚
2. The lower part of a grain silo, which is in the form of a cone of radius 9 ft and depth 14 ft is full of grain. If grain is
released at the bottom at a constant rate of 20 cfm, how long will it take to empty the conical part of the silo?

SOLUTION

Volume of the conical bottom of the silo:

flow rate = volume of cone time to empty the cone:


3
1186.92 𝑓𝑡
𝑡= 3
20 𝑓𝑡 / 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑡 =59 𝑚𝑖𝑛
3. A conical glass flower vase has a base that is 6 in. in diameter. The
vase when full can hold approximately 113 cubic inches of water.
What is the height of the vase?

SOLUTION

1 2
𝑉= 𝜋𝑟 h
3
3
113 𝑖𝑛
h= 2
≈ 12𝑖𝑛 .
3 𝜋 𝑖𝑛
4. A 5-in. deep ice cream cone has a radius of 1 in. A spherical scoop of ice cream also has a radius equal to 1 in. If
the ice cream is placed on the cone and melts, will it overflow?

SOLUTION
4 3 4 3 4 3
𝑉 𝑠𝑝h𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 𝜋 𝑟 = 𝜋 (1 𝑖𝑛 . ) = 𝜋 𝑖𝑛 .
3 3 3

1 2 1 2 5 3
( ) ( )
𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝜋 𝑟 h= 𝜋 1𝑖𝑛 . 5 𝑖𝑛 . = 𝜋 𝑖𝑛 .
3 3 3

𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒
=1.25
𝑉 𝑠𝑝h𝑒𝑟𝑒

The volume of the cone is 1.25 times larger than the volume of
the ice cream. This means that the volume of the cone is sufficient to hold
the ice cream without overflowing.
5. A cone-shaped roof has a diameter of 12 ft. and a height of 8 ft. If roofing material comes in 120 square-foot rolls,
how many rolls will be needed to cover the lateral surface of the roof?

SOLUTION

Radius: 𝑑 12 𝑓𝑡
𝑟= = =6 𝑓𝑡
2 2

Slant height:
𝐿= √ 𝑟 + h = √ ( 6 𝑓𝑡 ) + ( 8 𝑓𝑡 ) =10 𝑓𝑡
2 2 2 2

Lateral surface area: 2


𝐴 𝐿 = 𝜋 𝑟𝐿= 𝜋 ( 6 𝑓𝑡 ) ( 10 𝑓𝑡 )= 60 𝜋 𝑓𝑡

Roofing material needed: Number of rolls = Lateral surface area to be covered Coverage of 1 roll
2
60 𝜋 𝑓𝑡
𝑁= 2
=1.57
120 𝑓𝑡
Since we cannot buy a fraction of a roll, we need to round up to the nearest whole number. Therefore, 2 rolls of
roofing material will be needed to cover the cone-shaped roof.

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