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Lecture 2 (Chapter 2)

This document provides an overview of chapter 2 in the STATICS (ME 111) course, which covers force vectors. It defines scalars and vectors, and describes that forces are vector quantities that require both magnitude and direction. It also discusses free vectors, sliding vectors, fixed vectors, and the principle of transmissibility. Free-body diagrams are introduced as diagrams that represent all external forces acting on an isolated body. Types of forces, including contact forces and body forces, are defined. Methods for vector addition, subtraction, and resolving forces into components are demonstrated through examples.

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Adam Surti
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views

Lecture 2 (Chapter 2)

This document provides an overview of chapter 2 in the STATICS (ME 111) course, which covers force vectors. It defines scalars and vectors, and describes that forces are vector quantities that require both magnitude and direction. It also discusses free vectors, sliding vectors, fixed vectors, and the principle of transmissibility. Free-body diagrams are introduced as diagrams that represent all external forces acting on an isolated body. Types of forces, including contact forces and body forces, are defined. Methods for vector addition, subtraction, and resolving forces into components are demonstrated through examples.

Uploaded by

Adam Surti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATICS (ME 111)

Spring 2021

Lecture 2

Chapter 2: Force Vectors

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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Scalars and Vectors
All physical quantities in engineering mechanics are measured using either
scalars or vectors.

Scalar. A scalar is any positive or negative physical quantity that can be completely
specified by its magnitude (numerical value) .
Examples of scalar quantities include Mass, density, volume, temperature, time,
energy, area, speed and length.

Vector. A vector is any physical quantity that requires both a magnitude and a
direction for its complete description.
Force, moment, displacement, velocity, acceleration, impulse and momentum are
vector quantities

Representation:
Magnitude: length of the arrow
Direction: angle θ between the vector and a fixed
axis
The head or tip of the Sense of Direction: arrow
indicates the sense of direction of the vector
2
Types of Vectors
Free vector, Sliding vector or Fixed vector

A free vector is one whose action is not confined to


or associated with a unique line in space.
For example if a body is in translational motion,
velocity of any point in the body may be taken as a
vector and this vector will describe equally well the
velocity of every point in the body.

3
A sliding vector is one which has a unique line of action in
space but not a unique point of application.
When we deal with the external action of a force on a rigid
body, the force may be applied at any point along its line
of action without changing its effect on the body as a whole
and hence, considered as a sliding vector.

4
A fixed vector is one for which a unique point of
application is specified and therefore the vector
occupies a particular position in space.
The action of a force on a deformable body must be
specified by a fixed vector.

5
Principle of Transmissibility:
The external effect of a force on a rigid body will
remain unchanged if the force is moved to act
on its line of action.
In other words, a force may be applied at any
point on its given line of action without altering
the resultant external effects on the rigid body
on which it acts.

6
Free-body Diagram (FBD)
To analyze forces acting on a body, it is essential that
we isolate the body in question from all other bodies
so that a complete and accurate account of all forces
acting on this body can be taken.
The diagram of such an isolated body with the
representation of all external forces acting on it is
called a free-body diagram.

7
Free Body Diagram (FBD)

8
Force Vectors
Force Systems
Force: force is considered as a “push” or “pull” exerted by one body on
another.
A force is completely characterized by its magnitude, direction, and point of
application.

Classification of Forces:
I. Contact forces
II. body forces

Contact force is the force in which an object comes in contact with


another object.
Pushing a car up a hill or kicking a ball or pushing a desk across a room
friction, normal force, and tension, Spring Force
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Body force
 A body force is a force that acts throughout the volume of a
body
 A body force is generated when a body is located within a force
field such as a gravitational, electric or magnetic field.
 Weight, gravity, electric forces, magnetic forces, centrifugal
forces etc.

10
Concentrated and Distributed Forces

Concentrated force is a force applied on a single point

A distributed force is any force where the point of application of the force is
an area or a volume

On Area  Surface force


On Volume  Body Force

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 Vectors Definition

 Types of Vectors

Vectors Operations

1- Multiplication and Division of a Vector by a Scalar

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Vector Addition.
Parallelogram law of addition

using the triangle rule (head-to-tail rule)

Special Case, if the two vectors A and B are collinear

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Vector Subtraction

Vector addition of forces

Two common problems in statics


 Finding the resultant force, knowing its components,

 Resolving a known force into two components.

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1- Finding a Resultant Force

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2- Resolving a known force into two components

1- Addition of Several Forces

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Trigonometry
To determine resultant force or direction of the
resultant force
Any unknown in the force triangle or parallelogram

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Example 2.1

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Problem 2-4
The vertical force acts downward at on the two-membered
frame. Determine the magnitudes of the two components of F
directed along the axes of AB and AC. Set F = 500 N.

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Problem 2-11
The plate is subjected to the two forces at A and B as shown.
If ,determine the magnitude of the resultant of these two
forces and its direction measured clockwise from the
horizontal.

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Problem Sheet
2-3; 2-9; 2-13; 2-18; 2-19; 2-21; 2-25

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