OCTOBER 2030

MODERNIS
M
 MODERNIS
M
Modernism was a diverse cultural, artistic, and
intellectual movement that emerged in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries. It encompassed a wide range of
styles and forms across various art disciplines. Here are
some notable styles and forms of art associated with the
modernist period:
 IMPRESSIONIS
M
Impressionism developed in France in the nineteenth century and is
based on the practice of painting out of doors and spontaneously ‘on
the spot’ rather than in a studio from sketches. Main impressionist
subjects were landscapes and scenes of everyday life.
Examples:

Camille Pissarro, The Boulevard Montmartre on a Winter Morning, 1897, Paris

Examples:

The Artist’s Garden at Giverny (French: Le Jardin de l’artiste à Giverny) by

Claude Monet done in 1900, Musée d’Orsay, Paris
Examples:

Water Lilies, Evening Effect by Claude Monet, 1897, Paris

 CUBISM
Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality
invented in around 1907–08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges
Braque. They brought different views of subjects (usually objects or
figures) together in the same picture, resulting in paintings that
appear fragmented and abstracted.

The name ‘cubism’ seems to have derived from a comment made by

the critic Louis Vauxcelles who, on seeing some of Georges Braque’s
paintings exhibited in Paris in 1908, described them as reducing
everything to ‘geometric outlines, to cubes’.
Examples:

Cubist Self-Portrait, Salvador Dalí, 1923, Madrid

Examples:

Girl with Mandolin, 1910 by Pablo Picasso, New York

 SURREALISM
Surrealism aims to revolutionize human experience. It balances a
rational vision of life with one that asserts the power of the
unconscious and dreams.

The movement’s artists find magic and strange beauty in the

unexpected and the uncanny, the disregarded and the
unconventional. At the core of their work is the willingness to
challenge imposed values and norms, and a search for freedom.

The word ‘surrealist’ (suggesting ‘beyond reality’) was coined by the

French avant-garde poet Guillaume Apollinaire in the preface to a
play performed in 1917.
Examples:

Eileen Agar, Angel of Anarchy, 1936–40, UK

Examples:

Salvador Dalí, Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee around a Pomegranate

a Second before Waking, 1944, Madrid
 ABSTRACT
Abstract expressionism is the term applied to new forms of abstract
EXPRESSIONISM
art developed by American painters such as Jackson Pollock, Mark
Rothko and Willem de Kooning in the 1940s and 1950s. It is often
characterized by gestural brush-strokes or mark-making, and the
impression of spontaneity.

Within abstract expressionism were two broad groupings: the so-

called action painters, who attacked their canvases with expressive
brush strokes; and the color field painters who filled their canvases
with large areas of a single color.
 ACTION PAINTING
The action painters were led by Jackson Pollock and Willem de
Kooning, who worked in a spontaneous improvisatory manner
often using large brushes to make sweeping gestural marks.
Pollock famously placed his canvas on the ground and danced
around it pouring paint from the can or trailing it from the brush or a
stick. In this way the action painters directly placed their inner
impulses onto the canvas.
Examples:

Jackson Pollock, Number 23 (1948), UK

Examples:

Norman Lewis, Untitled, 1945, America

 COLOR FIELD
The second grouping included Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman and

PAINTING
Clyfford Still. They were deeply interested in religion and myth and
created simple compositions with large areas of color intended to
produce a contemplative or meditational response in the viewer.

In an essay written in 1948 Barnett Newmann said: ‘Instead of

making cathedrals out of Christ, man, or ‘’life’’, we are making it out
of ourselves, out of our own feelings’.

This approach to painting developed from around 1960 into what

became known as color field painting, characterized by artists using
large areas of more or less a single flat color.
Examples:

Alpha-Phi, Morris Louis (1961), Washington, D.C.

Examples:

Clyfford Still, Untitled, 1953

 POP ART
Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the United Kingdom and
the United States during the mid- to late-1950s.The movement
presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery
from popular and mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and
mundane mass-produced objects.

One of its aims is to use images of popular culture in art,

emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any culture, most often
through the use of irony.

It is also associated with the artists’ use of mechanical means of

reproduction or rendering techniques
Examples:

Look Mickey, 1961, Roy Lichtenstein, National Gallery of Art, Washington

Examples:

Drowning Girl (1963), Roy Lichtenstein, New York City

Examples:

M- maybe (1965) Roy Lichtenstein. Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany

 MINIMALISM
Minimalist art is a design style that emphasizes extreme simplicity,
focusing on clean lines, minimalist color, and basic shapes.
Minimalist art does not contain an underlying meaning or more
profound understanding, like with most abstract art.

Minimalist art style focuses on aesthetics, structure, and texture

rather than the artist’s individuality or self-expression.

During its time, the minimalist art movement was innovative in its
approach as artists emphasized the genuine essence of the medium
and material to create the art.

Minimalism, viewed as an extension of abstract art, it is characterized

by the elimination of fundamental forms to reveal the art object’s
purity and beauty.
Examples:

Untitled, Robert Morris, 1965, UK

Examples:

Untitled 11, Barbara Kasten (1979), America

 CONCEPTUAL ART
Conceptual art is art for which the idea (or concept) behind the work
is more important than the finished art object. It emerged as an art
movement in the 1960s and the term usually refers to art made from
the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s.

In conceptual art the idea or concept is the most important aspect

of the work. When an artist uses a conceptual form of art, it means
that all of the planning and decisions are made beforehand and
the execution is a perfunctory affair.
Examples:

Duration Piece #6 by Douglas Huebler (1968), Amsterdam

Examples:

Perfect Lovers by Felix Gonzalez-Torres (1991), US

 FUTURISM
The Futurists sought to sweep away what they believed were
outdated, traditional notions about art. Instead, they wanted to
replace these with an energetic celebration of the machine age.

The key focus was to represent a dynamic vision of the future. As

such, they often portrayed urban landscapes and new technologies
including trains, cars and aeroplanes. They glorified speed, violence
and the working classes, believing they would advance change.

In order to achieve movement and dynamism in their art, the

Futurists developed techniques in order to express speed and
motion. These techniques included blurring and repetition.
Examples:

Umberto Boccioni, Unique forms of Continuity in Space (1913),

Brazil
Examples:

Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (1912), New York

Examples:

Carlo Carrà, The Funeral of the Anarchist Galli (1910–11), New York City
 DADAISM
Originally a colloquial French term for a hobby horse, Dada,
meaning nonsense.

Dada was an art movement formed during the First World War in
Zurich in negative reaction to the horrors and folly of the war. The art,
poetry and performance produced by dada artists is often satirical
and nonsensical in nature.
Examples:

Raoul Hausmann, The Art Critic (1919–20), London

Examples:

Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain (1917), New York

 OP ART
Op Art is an abbreviation of optical art, a form of geometric abstract
art, that explores optical sensations through the use of visual
effects such as recurring simple forms and rhythmic patterns,
vibrating color-combinations, moiré patterns and foreground-
background confusion.

Formally, all Op Art paintings and works employ tricks of visual

perception like manipulating rules of perspective to give the
illusion of three-dimensional space, mixing colors to create the
impression of light and shadow.
Examples:

Bridget Riley, Shift (1963), London

Examples:

Bridget Riley, Blaze (1964), London

 CONSTRUCTIVISM
In Constructivism, the role of the artist was re-imagined – the artist
became an engineer wielding tools, instead of a painter holding a
brush.

For the Constructivists, artworks were part of a greater visual

program meant to awaken the masses and lead them towards
awareness of class divisions, social inequalities, and revolution.
Examples:

Vladimir Tatlin, Tatlin’s Tower (1919), Moscow

Examples:

Vladimir Tatlin, Letatlin (1932), Russia

 FAUVISM

This style was characterized by expressive use of intense color,

line, and brushwork, a bold sense of surface design, and flat
composition.
Example:

Joy of Life (Bonheur de Vivre), 1905 by Henri Matisse, New York City
 SUPREMATISM
Name given by the artist Kazimir Malevich to the abstract art he
developed from 1913 characterized by basic geometric forms,
such as circles, squares, lines and rectangles, painted in a
limited range of colors.
Examples:

Kazimir Malevich, Dynamic Suprematism (1915 - 1916), London

 DE STIJL
Dutch for “the style,” De Stijl is an art movement founded in the city
of Leiden in the Netherlands. From 1917 to 1931, De Stijl, also
known as neoplasticism, was a famous modern art form that valued
abstraction and simplicity.

Clean lines, right angles, and primary colors characterized this

aesthetic and art movement expressed via architecture and
paintings.
Examples:

Piet Mondrian’s Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow, 1930, Switzerland

Examples:

Theo van Doesburg’s Rhythm of a Russian Dance, 1918, New York

 EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionism is considered more as an international tendency than
a coherent art movement, which was particularly influential at the
beginning of the twentieth century.

Artists used expressive colors and styles of brushwork to depict

emotions and experiences, moving away from realistic
depictions of their subjects to how they felt and perceived them.
Examples:

Francis Bacon, Study after Velázquez’s Portrait of Pope Innocent X (1953), US

Examples:

Egon Schiele, Self-Portrait with Lowered Head (1912), Vienna

 DIGITAL ART
Digital art, once called computer art or new media art, refers to art
made using software, computers, or other electronic devices.

Anything produced or made on digital media, such as animations,

photographs, illustrations, videos, digital paintings, and such can be
classified as digital art.
Examples:

Gilles Tran, Blowing in the wind (2015)

Examples:

Joseph Nechvatal, Computer Virus (2012), Paris

Examples:

Sebastien Labrunie, The artificial reality of art (2019), France

 INSTALLATION ART
Often site-specific, and occasionally occurring in public spaces, the
boundaries of what constitutes installation art have been blurred since its
very inception as an artistic genre.

Though installation art varies widely it can best be thought of as an

umbrella term for three-dimensional works that aim to transform the
audience’s perception of space.
 INSTALLATION ART
Sometimes temporary, sometimes permanent, installation artworks have been
constructed in spaces ranging from art galleries and museums to public squares
and private homes and will often envelop the viewer in an all-encompassing
environment or within the space of the work itself.

Installation art developed primarily in the second half of the twentieth century
(though there were clear precursors) as both minimalism and conceptual art
evolved, culminating in installations in which the idea and experience was more
important than the finished work itself.
Examples:

The End of Uncle Tom and the Grand Allegorical Tableau of Eva in Heaven
(1995) by Kara Walker
Examples:

Cornelia Parker’s Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View, 1991, London

Examples:

Infinity Mirrored Room – The Souls of Millions of Light Years Away by

Yayoi Kusama (2013), California
Examples:

$2.3 Billion MSG Sphere (2019-2023), Paradise, Nevada, US by Sphere

Entertainment Co.
Assessment for understanding
Determine what form or style of art being display.
CUBISM
(Cubist Self-Portrait, Salvador Dalí, 1923, Madrid)
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM- ACTION PAINTING
(Jackson Pollock, Number 23 (1948), UK)
EXPRESSIONISM
(Francis Bacon, Study after Velázquez’s Portrait of Pope Innocent X (1953), US)
SUPREMATISM
(Kazimir Malevich, Dynamic Suprematism (1915 - 1916), London)
DE STIJL
Piet Mondrian’s Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow, 1930, Switzerland
CONSTRUCTIVISM
(Vladimir Tatlin, Letatlin (1932), Russia)
FUTURISM
(Carlo Carrà, The Funeral of the Anarchist Galli (1910–11), New York City)
INSTALLATION ART
Infinity Mirrored Room – The Souls of Millions of Light Years Away by Yayoi Kusama (2013),
California
Thank
You!
References:
https://magazine.artland.com/installation-art-top-10-artists/
https://www.thecollector.com/what-is-installation-art/
https://magazine.artland.com/what-is-dadaism/
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movement-futurism/
https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/what-is-conceptual-art-definition/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_art
https://www.artlex.com/art-movements/pop-art/artwork/
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/clyfford-still-2001
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/a/action-painters
https://smarthistory.org/seeing-america-2/norman-lewis-untitled-2/
https://www.artboxlondon.org/blog/2020/4/9/monet-the-artists-garden-at-giverny
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artterms/i/impressionism#:~:
text=Impressionism%20developed%20in%20France%20in,and%20scenes%20of%20everyday
%20life
https://academiaaesthetics.com/gallery/water-lilies-evening-effect
https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/computer-generated-art-10-artworks
https://magazine.artland.com/art-movement-constructivism/
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/s/suprematism