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    Light Scattering&XRD

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    Mircea Pantea
    The document discusses light scattering techniques including Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction. It provides information on how these techniques work, what physical principles they are based on, and examples of their applications and use.

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    Light Scattering&XRD

    Uploaded by

    Mircea Pantea
    10 views36 pages
    The document discusses light scattering techniques including Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction. It provides information on how these techniques work, what physical principles they are based on, and examples of their applications and use.

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    The document discusses light scattering techniques including Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction. It provides information on how these techniques work, what physical principles they are based on, and examples of their applications and use.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    10 views36 pages

    Light Scattering&XRD

    Uploaded by

    Mircea Pantea
    The document discusses light scattering techniques including Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction. It provides information on how these techniques work, what physical principles they are based on, and examples of their applications and use.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    Light Scattering and

    Photon Correlation Spectroscopy


    (Dynamic Light Scattering)

    November 25, 2008


    Nice Picture
    (Mie Scattering?)
    Ki


    K or q
    Kf
    Scattering Amplitude
    
    F   n ( r )e  ik r
    dV
    Light Scattering from
    “small” particles

    r<< Rayleigh scattering


    r  Mie Scattering

    Light: nm
    Rayleigh scattering for r nm
    Rayleigh Scattering

    2
    4 6  n 1 
    2
    16 r  2 
    Is  n  2  (1  cos 2  )

    I0 4 d 2

    2 2
    4 6  n 1  4 6  n 1 
    2 2
    16 r  2  16 r  2 
    Is  n  2  Is  n  2  (cos 2  )
     
    I0 4 d 2 I0 4 d 2
    Perpendicular polarization Parallel polarization
    Angular distribution
    Rayleigh Scattering
    Rayleigh Scattering

    r=0.01 m
    =0o
    L=633 nm
    D=20nm
    L=633 nm
    D=600 nm
    Mie Scattering

    Wavelength: 633nm,
    Real refractive index:1.59
    Imaginary refractive index: 0.001
    The red hues of the sky at sunset and
    sunrise are caused by Mie Scattering,
    not Rayleigh Scattering. The colours of
    the sky throughout the day and at
    sunrise and sunset, are explained by
    the phenomena of both Rayleigh
    Scattering and Mie Scattering. The
    colour of the sky described by
    Rayleigh Scattering applies to the hues
    of blue, violet and green, not to the
    reds, oranges, peaches and purples of
    sunrise and sunset. Rayleigh Scattering
    is scattering of shorter wavelength
    light (e.g. blue & violet) by air atoms
    and molecules (not statistical variations
    in density of the Earth's atmosphere).
    The magnitude or strength of Rayleigh
    Scattering varies by the reciprocal of
    the wavelength raised to the fourth
    power, and hence does not explain the
    beautiful variations of reds, purples,
    oranges and peachy colours. The latter
    colours arise from Mie Scattering, low
    angle scattering of light off dust, soot,
    smoke and (ash) particles. Mie
    Scattering (producing the colours of
    sunset and sunrise) is beautifully
    recognizable down-wind of and after
    dust storms, forest fires and volcanic
    eruptions that inject large quantities of
    fine particulate matter into the
    atmosphere.
    (Ref Wikipedia)
    Angular distribution
    Bimodal Distribution
    Dynamic Light Scattering
    Scattering Vector and Scattering Angle

    Ki

     q  2k sin( / 2)
    q
    Kf
    2 2
    k 
     nair

    4
    q sin( / 2)
    nair
    Autocorrelation

    G ( )  I (t )  I (t   )

    G ( )  A  Be  t
    Typical correlation curves
    (experimental)
    1.05
    Sample: 18% CC
    Auto-correlation - rescaled
    o
    1.04 36 C
    o
    43.2 C

    1.03 72.7 ms

    1.02

    1.01
    30.6 ms
    1.00

    0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160


    Time [ms]
    Measuring Particle Size in
    Suspension

      Dq 2

    k BT k BT
    D  Einstein’s relation
     6r

    k BT k BTq 2
    r  Hydrodynamic Radius of
    6D 6 the Particle
    Results

    100
    Sample: 18%CC
    90
    80
    70
    Decay Time [ms]

    60
    50
    40
    30
    20
    10
    24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
    o
    Temperature [ C]

    Figure 4.16.Temperature variation of the relaxation time. 18% CC sample


    X-ray Diffraction
    Scattering from Periodic
    Structures
    
    F   n ( r )e  ik r
    dV
    Röntgen Max von Laue

    x-ray diffraction from a single crystal YALO3 sample


    (yttrium aluminum perovskite)
    Bragg, William Henry & William Lawrence
    Bragg’s Model

    2d sin( )  n
    X-ray Diffraction
    Techniques

    “White” x-rays, fixed sample:


    Laue Method

    Monochromatic x-rays, rotating sample:


    Rotating Crystal Method
    Powder Method

    2d sin( )  n
    X-ray diffraction pattern for a single alum crystal.
    Image by Dr H. J. Milledge, Department of Geology, University
    College, London
    Rosalind Franklin's x-ray diffraction image of DNA.
    Powder Techniques
    Powder Techniques
    THE END

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