Introduction to

JUnit

Nai-Wei Lin
Department of Computer Science and
Software Engineering
National Chung Cheng University
Content

 JUnit framework
 Test classes and test methods
 Assert methods
 Test driven development

2
JUnit
Framework
 JUnit is an open source framework that has been
designed for the purpose of writing and running
tests in the Java programming language.
 JUnit is a regression testing framework for
unit testing.

3
Test Classes and Test Methods
 For each class C under test, define a test
class CTest.
 Test classes inherit class TestCase in
package junit.framework.
 For each method m under test, define a test
method testM.
 Return type of a test method must be void.
 Test method must not have any parameter.
 Test method must not throw any exception.
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An Example
class Calculator
{
public int sum(int n1, int n2) { return n1+n2; }
}
import junit.framework.TestCase;
class CalculatorTest extends TestCase
{ public void testSum() { /* test sum()
Calculator cal = new Calculator();
assertEquals(2, cal.sum(1,1));
}
}
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Assert Methods
 assertEquals(expected, actual)
If actual equals expected then does nothing;
otherwise, fails.
 assertEquals(message, expected, actual)
If actual equals expected then does nothing;
otherwise, fails and prints out message.
 assertEquals(expected, actual, delta)
If actual equals expected within delta then
does nothing; otherwise, fails.
 assertEquals(message, expected, actual,
delta).
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Assert Methods
 assertFalse(condition)
If condition is false then does nothing;
otherwise, fails.
 assertFalse(message, condition).
 assertTrue(condition)
If condition is true then does nothing;
otherwise, fails.
 assertTrue(message, condition).

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Assert Methods
 AssertNull(object)
If object does not exist then does nothing;
otherwise, fails.
 AssertNull(message, object).
 AssertNotNull(object)
If object exists then does nothing; otherwise,
fails.
 AssertNotNull(message, object).

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Assert Methods
 AssertSame(expected, actual)
If actual and expected refer to the same
object then does nothing; otherwise, fails.
 AssertSame(message, expected, actual)
 AssertNotSame(expected, actual)
If actual and expected don’t refer to the same
object then does nothing; otherwise, fails.
 AssertNotSame(message, expected, actual)

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Test Driven
Development
 The test class is developed before the class
under test.
 The development of the class under test
terminates if all test methods in the test class
succeed.

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An Example
class Complex
{ // an abstract data
type private float re;
private float im;
public Complex() { … }
public Complex(float r, float i) { … }
public float getRe() { … }
public float getIm() { … }
public boolean equals(Complex c) { … }
public Complex add(Complex c) { … }
public Complex sub(Complex c) { … }
public Complex mul(Complex c) { … }
public Complex div(Complex c)
throws
DivByZeroException
} {…} 11
An Example

class ComplexTest extends TestCase

{ public void testComplex() { … }
public void testEquals() { … }
public void testAdd() { … } public
void testSub() { … } public void
testMul() { … } public void
testDiv() { … } public void
testToString() { … }
…
}

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An Example

 Create a new Java project “Complex”.

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An Example
 Create a new source folder “test”.

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An Example
 Create a new JUnit Test Case “ComplexTest” in
source folder “test”.
 If JUnit was not on the build path, then add
Junit on the build path.

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An Example
 getRe() and getIm() can be generated
automatically.
 There is no need to test getRe() and
getIm().
 Change method “test” to “testComplex”.
 Use getRe(), getIm(), and assertEquals() to test
constructors Complex().

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An Example

public void testComplex()

{ Complex c1 = new Complex();
Complex c2 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0);
assertEquals(0.0, c1.getRe(), 0.001);
assertEquals(0.0, c1.getIm(), 0.001);
assertEquals(2.0, c2.getRe(), 0.001);
assertEquals(3.0, c2.getIm(), 0.001);
}

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An Example
 Automatically generate the frame of the class
“Complex” in source folder “src” using quick
fix.

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An Example
 Automatically generate the frame of the
constructor Complex(double r, double i) in
source folder “src” using quick fix.

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An Example
 Implement Complex(double r, double i).

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An Example
 Create fields “re” and “im” using quick fix.

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An Example
 Automatically generate getters and setters.

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An Example
 Automatically generate the frame of the
constructor Complex() in source folder “src”
using quick fix.

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An Example
 Implement Complex().

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An Example
 Run As JUnit Test
 Repeatly modify the constructor until it
passes the test.

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An Example
 Use Complex(), getRe() and getIm() to test
equals().
 Use Complex(), getRe() and getIm(), and
equals() to test other methods.

60
An Example

public void testEquals() { Complex

c1 = new Complex();
Complex c2 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0);
Complex c3 = new Complex(0.0, 0.0);
assertFalse(c1.equals(c2));
assertTrue(c1.equals(c3));
}

61
An Example

public void testAdd() {

Complex c1 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0);
Complex c2 = new Complex(1.0, 1.0);
c3 = c1.add(c2);
assertEquals(3.0, c3.getRe());
assertEquals(4.0, c3.getIm());
}

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An Example

public void testAdd()

{ Complex c1, c2, c3, c4;
c1 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0); c2
= new Complex(1.0, 1.0); c3 =
c1.add(c2);
c4 = new Complex(3.0, 4.0);
assertTrue(c4.equals(c3));
}

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An Example

public void testSub()

{ Complex c1, c2,
c3;
c1 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0); c2 =
new Complex(1.0, 1.0); c3 =
c1.sub(c2); assertEquals(1.0,
c3.getRe()); assertEquals(2.0,
c3.getIm());
}

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An Example

public void testSub()

{ Complex c1, c2, c3, c4;
c1 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0); c2
= new Complex(1.0, 1.0); c3 =
c1.sub(c2);
c4 = new Complex(1.0, 2.0);
assertTrue(c4.equals(c3));
}

65
An Example

public void testMul()

{ Complex c1, c2,
c3;
c1 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0); c2
= new Complex(1.0, 1.0); c3 =
c1.mul(c2);
assertEquals(-1.0, c3.getRe());
assertEquals(5.0, c3.getIm());
}

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An Example

public void testMul()

{ Complex c1, c2, c3, c4;
c1 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0); c2
= new Complex(1.0, 1.0); c3 =
c1.mul(c2);
c4 = new Complex(-1.0, 5.0);
assertTrue(c4.equals(c3));
}

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An Example
public void testDiv()
{ Complex c1, c2,
c3;
c1 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0); c2
= new Complex(1.0, 1.0); try
{
c3 = c1.div(c2); assertEquals(2.5,
c3.getRe()); assertEquals(0.5,
c3.getIm());
} catch (DivByZeroException e) { assertTrue(“No
exception should be thrown.”,
false);
} 68
An Example

c2 = new Complex();
try {
c3 = c1.div(c2);
assertFalse(“An exception should be thrown.”,
true);
} catch (DivByZeroException e)
{ assertFalse(false);
}
}

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An Example
public void testDiv()
{ Complex c1, c2,
c3;
c1 = new Complex(2.0, 3.0); c2
= new Complex(1.0, 1.0); try
{
c3 = c1.div(c2);
c4 = new Complex(2.5, 0.5);
assertTrue(c4.equals(c3));
} catch (DivByZeroException e) { assertTrue(“No
exception should be thrown.”,
false);
} 70
An Example

c2 = new Complex();
try {
c3 = c1.div(c2);
assertFalse(“An exception should be thrown.”,
true);
} catch (DivByZeroException e)
{ assertFalse(false);
}
}

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An Example

public void testToString()

{ Complex c1, c2;
c1 = new Complex();
assertEquals(“0.0+0.0i”, c1.toString());
c2 = new Complex(1.0, 1.0);
assertEquals(“1.0+1.0i”, c2.toString());
}

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SetUp Method
(Refactoring)
protected void setUp() { /* Initialize common objects c1
= new Complex(2.0, 3.0);
c2 = new Complex(1.0, 1.0);
}
public void testAdd() {
Complex c3;
setUp();
c3 = c1.add(c2);
assertEquals(new
Complex(3.0, 4.0),
c3);
} 73
SetUp Method
class ComplexTest extends TestCase
{ private Complex c1, c2;
public void testComplex() { … }
public void testEquals() { … }
public void testAdd() { … }
public void testSub() { … }
public void testMul() { … }
public void testDiv() { … }
public void testToString() { … }
protected void setUp() { … }
…
}
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TearDown Method
class ComplexTest extends TestCase
{ private Complex c1, c2;
public void testComplex() { … }
public void testEquals() { … }
public void testAdd() { … }
public void testSub() { … }
public void testMul() { … }
public void testDiv() { … }
public void testToString() { … }
protected void setUp() { … }
protected void tearDown() { /*
Clean up
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