Information and Communication

Technology
Slide Content
 Introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
 Passive Network Equipment For Networking System
 Network Cabling Infrastructure
 Active Network Equipment For Networking System
 Core, Distribution and Edge Switches
 Wireless Access Point, Router and Uninterruptible Power Supply
 Servers, Storage and Computer
 Business Application
 Telecommunication
 Room Technical Requirement
 Challenge
 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is
DEFINITION OF ICT technologies involved in the transport, storage, access, and
transformation of all forms of information.

HISTORY OF ICT

• The term of “Information Technology” came around in 1970.

In that period, there is a ton of growth in term of electronic and
computerize sector.

• The first computer that being commercialized is called

UNIVAC created by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly from
America.

• Currently, there is five generation of computer

– first generation using vacuum tube
– second generation using transistor
– third generation using integrated circuit
– fourth generation using microprocessors
– fifth generation using artificial intelligence
 FUNCTION OF ICT IN OUR DAILY LIVES
Improve Communication Digitalization of Remote Learning to Provide Insight to End
Throughout Organization Information Accommodate all User User and Employer

ROLES OF ICT

BUSINESS EDUCATION

• The mostly rely on computer, network and data • Education use ICT to allow lesson much effectively
management systems. and remotely if needed
• For example, accounting now use software to prepare • For example, teachers use smart boards to deliver
financial statements and other bookkeeping lessons in the classroom and prepare those lessons on
functions. their laptops.
 WHAT IS PASSIVE NETWORK EQUIPMENT?

• Physical cabling that enable network connectivity, provides the communication pathways for the data
transmission between switches in a building or between other buildings.

1.INTERBUILDING NETWORK CABLING 2. INTRABUILDING

BACKBONE CABLING INFRASTRUCTURE BACKBONE CABLING

3. HORIZONTAL
CABLING
 INTERBUILDING BACKBONE CABLING

 Inter-building backbone is the portion of the

cabling infrastructure that includes cabling
between the building of Main
Telecommunication Closet Room
 Main type of cable that used is Fibre Optic
Cables
 Fibre Optic divided into two mode, that are
Single Mode Fibre and Multi Mode Fibre
 The selection of Fibre Optic Cables are
dependent on the distance between
connection.
INTRABUILDING
BACKBONE CABLING

 Intrabuilding backbone cabling is the

connection between the Main
Telecommunication Closet Room
(MTCR), to the other Telecommunication
Closet Rooms (TCRs) in a same building.

 Main type of cable that used is Fibre Optic

Cables.

 Basically, Multi-mode fibre is used in this

cabling based on the distance from one
connection to the another.

 The connection of this cabling can occur

either in vertical or horizontal way.
 HORIZONTAL CABLING

 Horizontal cabling expands from a

telecommunications room (TCR) to the
individual workstation outlets.

 Twisted Pair Cable is the cable that used in

the horizontal cabling.

 Twisted Pair divided into two types, that are

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded
Twisted Pair (STP).

 Shielding Twisted Pair reduces chance of

noise and provide protection from
interference

 Based on the JKR Common Practice, the

distance travel for this cabling from the TCR
to the Workstation are 70-80 metres.
 ACTIVE NETWORK EQUIPMENT

• An active equipment is hardware devices used to connect various servers, computers,

application terminals and other nodes to each other to form a data network.

• Core Switches is
performing routing and
switching of the data.

• Distribution Switches is
to distribute the data
between core layer and
access layer

• Access Switch is to connect

the access layer with the
subnets
 ACTIVE NETWORK EQUIPMENT

EQUIPMENT FUNCTION
Wireless Access A wireless access point (WAP) is a
Point networking device that allows wireless-
capable devices to connect to a wired network

Router A router is a device that provides Wi-Fi and is

typically connected to a modem. It sends
information from the internet to personal
devices like computers, phones, and tablets.

Uninterruptible UPS is a type of continual power system that

Power Supply provides automated backup electric power to
a load when the input power source or mains
power fails.
 ACTIVE NETWORK EQUIPMENT

EQUIPMENT FUNCTION
Server The function of a server is to receive, store,
and send or programs to the other computer
data within a network.

Storage Used to store the data and applications of an

organisation

Computer • Data input

• Data processing
• Information output
• Data and information storage
Business Application
 Business Application
Business application is collections of components that provide a business functionality for business applications. For
example, The Total Hospital Information System (THIS) is business application that being applied for our medical
contract facility. The Total Hospital Information System (THIS) objective is to provide a complete ICT system in
establishing a paper-less hospital environment in order to offer quality health services to the public.

Scope of Total Hospital

Information System
(THIS)
 Scope of THIS
Clinical Information System (CIS)
• A system that is meant to gather , store, and alter clinical data on patients.

Financial Information System (FIS)

• A system that helps manage the finances and business aspects of a company

Laboratory Information System (LIS)

• A system that records, manages, updates, and stores patient testing data for clinical and anatomic
pathology laboratories, including receiving test orders, sending orders to laboratory analyzers, tracking
orders, results, and quality control, and transmitting results to an HER..

Nurse Information System (NIS)

• A system that deals with nursing aspect, particularly the maintenance of the nursing record.
 Scope of THIS

Pharmacy Information System (PIS)

• A system that is being used to store patient health medications and aid in
the order entry and dispensing of prescribed medications.

Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)

• A system to securely transport private patient medical imaging information

Radiology Information System (NIS)

• A system for managing medical imagery and associated data especially radiology imaging
orders and billing informations
 PBX & PBAX

POTS TELECOMMUNICATION IP PBX

VoIP
 Telecommunication
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)
• Introduce since 1880s.
• It is a traditional, analog voice transmission phone system implemented over physical
copper wires.
• It work by establishing a dedicated circuit between point and copper wires connect
these two points.
• The further the connection, the more expensive the rate of call.
Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)

Private Branch (Automatic) Exchange (PBX & PBAX)

• PBX was mainly introduce in order uplift the limitation of POTS which limitation of
channel.
• Mainly, use for business telephone system, so that user can communicate through
internal lines.
• In 1972, PBAX is introduce. The automation reducing the need of in-person operator.
• It is a reliable way to connect throughout the company as it relies on physical
connectivity, thus not being effected by unreliable internet connections. Private Branch Exchange (PBX & PBAX)
 Telecommunication
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

• VoIP is a communication technology that enables using internet instead of

landline service.
• If there a need to add or change users, its through software rather expanding the
landline.
• VoIP has an unlimited number of connections and allow multimedia.

Internet Protocol Private Branch Exchange(IP PBX)

VoIP Private Branch Exchange (PBX)

• IP PBX is a telecommunication device where outgoing and incoming calls across
its telephone network using an internet connection.
• It receive call through internet while maintaining analog throughout the office
• The VoIP service provider manage to initiation and termination of every call
DATA ICT RISER
CENTER

ROOM TECHNICAL
REQUIREMENTS

TELECOMMUNICATION
CLOSET ROOM
 DATA CENTRE
Data Centre is facility that centralizes an organization’s shared ICT operations and
equipment.
Equipment/Room Facility's Restriction

- Server Room
- Shall not be located at the highest floor, ground floor and
- Network Operation Centre basement of multi-story building
Area

- Staging Room - Shall be no water pathway, sources and outlets at the soffit
slab in the Data Centre

- Electrical Services Room

DATA CENTRE
Room’s Requirement

Min =10.0 m X 12.0 m (120 square*m)

Raised Walls &

Floor Door
Ceilings

- Dust Free - Fire Rated – - Double Leaf Door

1 hours minimum (Data Centre & Server
Room)

- Anti Static Floor - Condensation Free

- Single Leaf Door
(NOC Room, Staging
Room & Mech/Elec
- Raised min 350 mm - Soffit Slab for Ceiling Services Room)

- Fire Rated –
- Ramp slopes 20% - Half Glass Wall c/w 1 hours minimum
steepness fire shutter for wall Data Centre
adjacent to NOC room - All door open
onward
 DATA CENTRE
Services Requirement

Air Conditioning Fire Suppression System

Centralized Split Unit

- Clean agent fire fighting

- 24 hours X 7 days system

- Relative humility – 60 - No sprinkler system

% (max)
- Input/output module inside
- 23 C +- 1 C Building Management System
Temperature (BMS) link and Environment
(Best Practices) Monitoring System (EMS)
Telecommunication Closet Room (TCR)
TCR is a room that support the cable and ICT equipment necessary for the network
connection throughout and between the building’s backbone cabling.
Equipment Facility's Restriction

- Equipment Rack • TCR location shall be located at the middle of the

complex.
- Network Switches
• Coverage between TCR < 70 meter per floor
- Patch Panel
• Preferably, TCR should be aligned across from top to
- UTP Cable bottom.

- Fibre Termination • No water pathway and outlets at the ceilings in this room
Telecommunication Closet Room (TCR)
Room’s Requirement

Min =10.0 m X 12.0 m (120 square*m)

Floors, Walls &

Door
Ceilings

- Fire Rated – - Double Leaf

1 hours minimum Door

- Dust free finishes - Fire Rated –

floor- epoxy 1 hours minimum

- Soffit Slab for Telecommunication Closet Room - All door open

Ceiling onward
 Telecommunication Closet Room (TCR)
Services Requirement

Air Conditioning Fire Suppression System

Centralized Split Unit

- 9 kg Portable Dry Powder

Fire Extinguisher
Non-Critical Critical
- No sprinkler system
- Normal Working Hours - 24 hours X 7 days
(8 Hrs) - Provide heat sensor / smoke
- 23 C +- 1 C detector
- 23 C +- 1 C Temperature
Temperature (Best Practices)
(Best Practices)
 ICT RISER
The ICT riser is a space used to distribute ICT backbone structured cabling from Data Centre
to TCR.

Facility's Restriction

- ICT riser shall be aligned vertically from ground to top floor level of the buildings

- Shall be no water pathway, sources and outlets at the soffit slab above this room
ICT RISER
Room’s Requirement

Min =1.2 m X 1.0 m (1.2 square*m)

Floor, Walls &

Door
Ceilings

- Fire Rated –
1 hours minimum Single Leaf Door

- Dust free floor - - Fire Rated –

epoxy 1 hours minimum

- Soffit Slab for - All door open

Ceiling onward
CHALLENGES
Challenge
ISSUES EFFECT SOLUTION
The size of TCR room not The cabling need further Placing another equipment rack
appropriate to the need of the adjustment and extra cost. on other location or corridor.
building.
The system are not properly Cause the a system dysfunction Should procure a confirmation
functional due lack of proper down the line regarding the number of needed
planning and equipment asset with the user to establish
proper system
Size of rack equipment not Cause the equipment to place Attain the physical requirement of
adequate for the network outside and effect the equipment the equipment before purchasing
equipment and UPS condition. rack equipment
UTP cable is intertwined with Cause the data signal to Separate UTP cable from
electrical cable interrupted and producing electrical cable
unreliable connection