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RNA Structure and Functions

RNA structure and functions provides an overview of RNA, including its discovery and roles. There are three main types of RNA - mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA - each with specific functions in protein synthesis. mRNA is transcribed from DNA and carries genetic information for protein production. tRNA aids in translation by attaching to amino acids. rRNA forms part of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs. RNA also plays roles in gene regulation, RNA splicing, and as catalytic RNA.

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66 views

RNA Structure and Functions

RNA structure and functions provides an overview of RNA, including its discovery and roles. There are three main types of RNA - mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA - each with specific functions in protein synthesis. mRNA is transcribed from DNA and carries genetic information for protein production. tRNA aids in translation by attaching to amino acids. rRNA forms part of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs. RNA also plays roles in gene regulation, RNA splicing, and as catalytic RNA.

Uploaded by

alexlagerhoff
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RNA structure and functions

By : Taroob and Parth


FYBioTech
Brief introduction

 Discovery of RNA – Freidrich Mischer in 1868.


 Called – Nuclein as found in nucleus.
 RNA was confused to be the factor responsible for transfer of heredity from the parent to
progeny.
 Later on after conducting many experiments by different scientist it was found to be DNA
being the one responsible for transfer heredity and not RNA.
 The basic roles of all the RNAs are protein synthesis from the DNA.
Central Dogma of molecular biology

 Central dogma is basically the flowchart of protein synthesis from its very begining ie
from the parent DNA.
 It was first stated by Francic Crick in 1957
Different types of RNA
 There are 3 types of RNA with their own specific roles such as :
 mRNA - Messenger RNA
 Role of mRNA in gene expression
 mRNA is transcribed from DNA
 tRNA - Transfer RNA
 Role of tRNA in translation
 The cloverleaf structure and amino acid
attachment
 rRNA - Ribosomal RNA
 Role of rRNA in the ribosome
 Importance in protein synthesis
Various functions of RNA

 Protein synthesis
 Gene regulation
 RNA splicing
 Catalytic RNA (ribozymes)
RNA in biotechnology
 RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR-Cas9
 RNA interference [Silencing of RNA]
 Preventing expression of one RNA by the help of other RNA
 Eg- The problem faced due to a nematode – Meloidegyne icoginitia which caused the poor
yield in Tabacco plant was solved by RNAi.
Structure of RNA
 RNA, like DNA, is composed of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of the molecule.
 Each RNA nucleotide consists of three components: a phosphate group, a ribose sugar molecule, and a
nitrogenous base.
Nucleotides
 They consist of three main components: a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The
specific structure of a nucleotide can vary slightly between DNA and RNA due to differences in the sugar
molecule and one of the nitrogenous bases.

Pentose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous group

Nucleotides
Phosphate group

 The phosphate group is a negatively charged ion (anion) consisting of one phosphorus
atom bonded to four oxygen atoms.
 It provides a negatively charged backbone in nucleic acids, which contributes to their
overall negative charge.
Pentose sugar
 The pentose sugar in nucleotides can be either ribose (in RNA) or deoxyribose (in DNA).
 The key difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has an additional oxygen atom on its
2' carbon atom, whereas deoxyribose has only a hydrogen atom at the 2' carbon position.
Nitrogenous bases

 In RNA, the nitrogenous bases are adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.
Bibliography

 NCERT Grade 12 Biology Textbook


 Pradeep grade 12 Biology textbook

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