Introduction to Computing

Using Java

First Java Program

2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 1

 The First Java Program

Type all carefully and save it to

class Welcome { a file named Welcome.java
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 2
 The First Java Program

Java program source files (.java)

class Welcome { contain definition of classes

/* The Welcome Program

-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 3
 The First Java Program
Curly braces pair enclose a
block of code, class Welcome
class Welcome {
here
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
} Don’t miss me!
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 4
 The First Java Program
Curly braces pair enclose a
block of code, method main( )
class Welcome {
here
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
} Don’t miss me!
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 5
 The First Java Program

This is a block of comments, for

class Welcome { human, not for computer
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/ It explains to you what happens
public static void main (String [ ] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 6
 The First Java Program

/* and */ pair encloses a comment block

class Welcome {

/* The Welcome Program

-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/ Don’t miss me!
public static void main (String [ ] args) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 7
 The First Java Program

This is a method of the class

class Welcome { Welcome, named main( )
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 8
 The First Java Program
There MUST be a pair of
parentheses following ALL
class Welcome { method names
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
} Don’t miss me!
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 9
 The First Java Program

Let's leave these first.

class Welcome {

/* The Welcome Program

-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 10
 The First Java Program

Standard properties of the

class Welcome { main( ) method
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 11
 The First Java Program

A statement (instruction) to
class Welcome { display a message
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 12
 The First Java Program

After every statement, there

class Welcome { must be a semi-colon!
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!") ;
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 13
 The First Java Program
How to ask the computer to
act according to the
class Welcome { instructions in this program?
/* The Welcome Program
-------------------
Illustrates a simple program displaying
a message.
*/

public static void main (String [ ] args) {

System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");
}
}
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 14
The First Java Program

 Change to the directory containing the file

Welcome.java

 Type
javac Welcome.java
It generates a new file Welcome.class

 Type (without .class)

java Welcome

 What’s the result?

2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 15

The First Java Program

Welcome
Welcome

main Java Virtual Machine

Welcome to Java!
Message sender

2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 16

 What has happened?

Java Program [Welcome.java]

Compile Java Compiler

[javac]

Java Byte Code [Welcome.class] Translate native code

Java Virtual Machine (JVM) [java]

It locates the class method main() from the
class Welcome and starts execution from there
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 17
Big Program For Simple Task?

 Yes, it just displays a little message.

 When writing business letters, we conform to

grammar and format.

 Likewise for programming!

 For more complicated tasks, such overheads are

relatively trivial.
2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 18
 Software Life Cycle

Computer programming is not just writing

programs after learning a language.
requirements program
conception
specification design design
analysis
70% of the software
cost is related to coding
software maintenance
in the operation phase.
Well-designed and
actual
constructed software is
easier to maintain. operation debugging testing program

2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 19

End Note

Readings and References

– Chapter 1

2019 1b Michael Fung, CS&E, The Chinese University of HK 20