RISK ASSESSMENT

AS APPLIED TO
SAFETY AND
SECURITY
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UNIT II
 MODULE 1.
Identification of Safety and
Security Requirement
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 Learning Outcomes:

Describe relevant legislation on safety and security requirement.

Illustrate business enterprise safety and security policies and procedures.

Identify resources available for safety and security procedures.

Detail consequences of not following safety and security procedures.

Explain authority and responsibility of people in-charge of safety and security.

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Attain relevant safety and security information about tour, trip, or event.
 Words to Remember:
Breach (of legislation or policy) is the breaking/failing to comply with legislation or
policy (non-compliance)

CCTV or Closed-circuit Television

Civil Law applies to situations where individuals or organizations take action against
another person or organization for breaching statutory law.

Consequence is an outcome or result if a threat materializes.

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Criminal Law applies to situations where the State takes action against a person or
organization for breaching statutory law.
 Words to Remember
EAS or Electronic Article Surveillance

Likelihood is the probability a threat will occur.

PPE means Personal Protective Equipment (and clothing)

RFID or Radio Frequency Identification

Vicarious liability is the legal liability falling to the employer for the actions of their “agent”
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(their staff’employees) based on the principle the employer is responsible for the actions of their
employees.
 Legislated Safety and
Security Requirements

A. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in

country is primarily governed by the
Philippine Constitution of 1987, which states
that under Article XIII, Section 3:
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 “The State shall afford full protection to labor, local and overseas, organized and unorganized, and
promote full employment and equality of employment opportunities for all.

It shall guarantee the rights of all workers to self-organization, collective bargaining and
negotiations, and peaceful concerted activities, including the right to strike in accordance with law.
They shall be entitled to security of tenure, humane conditions of work, and a living wage. They
shall also participate in policy and decision-making processes affecting their rights and benefits as
may be provided by law.

The State shall promote the principle of shared responsibility between workers and employers and
the preferential use of voluntary modes in settling disputes, including conciliation, and shall enforce
their mutual compliance therewith to foster industrial peace.

The State shall regulate the relations between workers and employers, recognizing the right of labor
to its just share in the fruits of production and the right of enterprises to reasonable returns to
investments, and to expansion and growth.
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  The legal basis of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) laws in the
Philippines is the Presidential Decree 442 otherwise known as Labor Code of the
Philippines.

 It was passed in 1974 and the relevant provisions on OSH was contained under
Book IV of the Labor Code.

 The primary contents of the Labor Code include revised and consolidated labor
and social laws to afford full protection to labor, promote employment and
human resources development, and ensure industrial peace based on social
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justice.
 Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)

 the lead agency in implementing and enforcing OSH policies and practices, possesses
enforcement and rule-making powers in particular with regard to the following laws and standard:
 a.) Philippine Labor Code on prevention, compensation;
 b.) The Administrative Code on Enforcement of Safety and Health Standards;
 c.) The Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS);
 d.) Executive Order 307 creating the Occupational Safety and Health Center
 under the Employees Compensation Commission;
 e.) Presidential Decree 626 Employees Compensation and State Insurance
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 Fund;
 Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)

 f.) Hazard-specific laws regarding anti-sexual

 harassment;
 g.) RA 9165 Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002;
 h.) RA 8504 National HIV/AIDS Law of 1998; and
 i.) RA 11058 Act of Strengthening Compliance with
 Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Standards

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and Providing Penalties for Violations.

 Laws and Regulations Under Jurisdiction of Government Organizations
other than DOLE:

Department of Health: Sanitation Code;

Department of Agriculture: Fertilizer and Pesticides Act;

Department of Environment and Natural Resources: RA 6969, of Stockholm

Convention, Chemical Control Order, Mining Law (small scale and large);
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RA 9185 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002;

 Laws and Regulations Under Jurisdiction of Government Organizations
other than DOLE:

RA 6541 National Building Code of the Philippines;

RA 6969 Toxic Substances Act; and

RA 9231 Special Protection of Children against Child Abuse, Exploitation

and Discrimination Act.
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 International OSH Conventions

 Since the Philippines became a member of the International Labor

Organization (ILO) in 1948, it has ratified 31 ILO Conventions including
some related to safety and health.
 Initiatives are on the way to consider for ratification ILO Convention 155
on Occupational Health Services as well as the new ILO Convention on
Agriculture.
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 Legislation is designed to:
Protect workers and members of the public from accident, injury, or loss;

Present advice and direction on action which needs to be taken to optimize

safety and security;

Create confidence among the public (domestic and international) in the safe and
responsible conduct and operation of businesses in the country
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Provide penalties for breaches and non-compliance-which will act as

motivation to comply with what is required.
 Provision for Safety and
Security Policies and
Procedures

B. With the legal framework for safety and security,

employers will provide a wide range of policies and
procedures for employees to follow in order to optimize
workplace safety and security.

 Justifications for organizations to develop safety and

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security policies and procedures

 Tourism-related organizations prepare and develop safety and security
policies and procedures in order to:

Comply with legislated requirements to avoid penalties and create a good

corporate citizen image and good corporate governance;

Reduce the likelihood of accidents and injury to avoid customer complaint,

reduction of repeat business, incidence of legal suit, damage to equipment and
facilities, and public embarrassment;

Provide consistent and standardized dealing with or handling of common

operational problems and circumstances, thus; consistency in the delivery of
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quality goods and services to achieve customers experience consistency;

 Tourism-related organizations prepare and develop safety and security
policies and procedures in order to:

Increase efficiency and effectiveness of business operational activities and

processes as applied to marketing, production (operation), human capital, and
finance;

Reflect the unique nature of organizations with passion for details of safety and
security protocols; and

Facilitate staff training in required practices based on training needs analysis

and plans.
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 Townhall
New employees’ Mandatory
assemblies or
orientation safety & similar activities as
program; security training venue for
Ways of
employees
Communicating
Workplace Safety &
Security Protocols
Inclusion of safety and Creation of Inclusion of all safety
security a regular agenda and security protocols in
workplace-based
item in staff meetings staff handbooks or
safety and security
and management company’s intranets.
meetings teams or committees
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 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
can help manage/control safety and security in some
instances. Many organizations will have policies and
procedures relating to the use of PPE and clothing by:
 Employees

 Customers
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 The Hierarchy of Controls consists of:
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 Standard operating procedures (SOPs) must
be developed to:

 Comply  Align with the

concept of “safe  Protect
with place” rather
relevant than “safe
people
legislation person”
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 If such requirements exists, this means
that an employee must:

 Be advised in detail of what these prerequisites are-

 Be told of the classifications/categories of customers to
which they apply-

 Be trained in how to inform customers-

 Be made aware of the consequences of failing to apply

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or communicate the protocols/requirements-

 i. Emergency Procedures

 Emergency situations which have been identified for the business-covering both: Internal and
External emergencies
 Detailed, approved, and effective procedures to follow and action to take to address the identified
situation in sequential order.
 Roles and responsibilities of designated personnel as required by the nature of the
emergency/response.
 Communication requirements to notify relevant others to advise and obtain assistance.
 Relevant safety and security tips, advice and/or mandatory preventative actions as appropriate to the
nature of individual identify threats/emergencies.
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 People or organizations to contact to include names, addresses, and contact numbers.

 Contingency plans.
 All emergency procedures should:

 Be the result of structured analysis of  Be resourced as relevant equipment or

business operations and subsequent devises must be provided; and
formal risk management procedures of
identified issues/threats.
 Be reviewed and revised as necessary
 Be documented to facilities on a regular basis to ensure relevance
dissemination of requirements to staff and proper application.
and/or customers;

 Be practiced by training and drill must

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be provided to support to enable

implementation;
 Emergency procedures (may) need to be developed to:

 Demonstrate due diligence/duty of care;

 Give customers confidence in the business;
 Enable effective responses to emergencies;
 Meet insurer requirements;
 Fulfill contractual obligations with partners;
 Enhance/protect business image and reputation; and
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 Comply with legislated obligations.

 ii. Protocols for dealing with the death of a tour
group member while on tour:

Protecting the scene;

Respecting the deceased person;

Reporting requirements to local authorities, head office;

Comforting others;

Capturing evidence, information, and details relating to the event by taking

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photographs, making notes, and asking for witnesses;

 ii. Protocols for dealing with the death of a tour
group member while on tour:

Assisting officials and authorities;

Dealing with the media;

Not admitting liability;

Not releasing details of the deceased to others apart from officials; and
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Determining action to take either to terminate trip/tour or adjust itinerary

 These protocols are developed for:

Direction to staff about what to do;

Compliance with legal requirements which apply following the demise of a person
for the purposes of a police investigation

Damaged control for the negative impact of the event on other tour group members;
and
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Information control for media.

 iii. Personal safety and security
 Protocols addressing the issues for personal safety and health will
commonly address but not limited to the following:
a.) Identification of threats and issues
b.) Provision for suitable facilities for tour vehicles & tour
staff
c.) Training of staff in relation to use of facilities & resources
provided
d.) Dissemination of information on-tour
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e.) Provision of list of contacts

 iv. General safety suggestions for travelers

 Safe-keep travel itinerary to include airline booking,

accommodation, and travel plans.
 Avoid travelling at night.
 Avoid crowded areas during night time.
 Seek advice from reliable source, i.e., hotel personnel.
 Bring along all times the contact embassy when travelling abroad
and a photocopy passport.
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 Avoid using ATMs.

 iv. General safety suggestions for travelers

 Use a secured credit card, manager’s check, and traveler’s check

accordingly.
 Do not engage in socio-political protest and similar activities.
 Be aware of fire escapes and emergency exits.
 Do not wear excessive jewelry.
 Familiarize with the information about accommodation, local police
stations (where appropriate), travel agent, and embassy.
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 v. Customers with special needs
 Developing packages, products, and services suitable and inclusive to those
with disabilities.
 Planning routes & activities with the needs of differently abled persons in
mind;
 Providing wheelchair acces to rest rooms for differently abled persons;
 Providing vehicles used with wheelchair compatible facilities;
 Ensuring restroom facilities for differently abled persons are available at
destinations;
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 Ensure venues to have general facilities.

 v. Customers with special needs

 Liaising proactively with special needs customers

 Training staff in awareness and practical assistance techniques and
strategies
 Providing dedicated staff to assist with differently abled tour group
members;
 Creating a committee within the workplace
 Seeking targeted feedback from differently abled tour group
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members
 vi. Travel insurance
 Need to delay, defer or cancel travel arrangements due to ill health.
 Accident and injury which occurs during the travel/trip
 Death
 Theft of items
 Evacuation
 Compensation in the event of flight cancellations
 Loss of documents and credit cards
 Lost luggage
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 Common exclusions are:
Accident/injury associated with participation in professional sporting
events;

Expenses related to child birth;

Personal decision to change travel plans

Travelling to countries where government warnings not to do so are in

place; and
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Expenses/compensation which can be claimed against the carrier.

 vii. Approval from authorities

Immigration

Customs

Parks and Wildlife/Natural Attractions and Heritage

Health
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Travel and Tourism

 viii. Media Communication following an event/incident

 An accident or injury while on tour;

 Damage to property or equipment while on tour;
 Close calls/near-misses happening when on tour;
 Loss of company or tour group member property while on tour;
 Delays to and/or postponements and/or cancellations of tours or
activities; and
 Complaints made to the media by dissatisfied customers/tour group
members.
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 Protocols in this regard will contain:

 Identification of person/s who have oraganizational approval to deal with

the media
 Need to never admit liability or allocate blame in the first instance
 Definition of standard details which may be released to the media
 Internal requirements
 Details
 Training in dealing with the media
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 ix. Ethical operation of the business

 Meet legal and contractual obligations.

 Maintain a positive image for the business in the marketplace.
 Remain a good/responsible corporate citizen.
 Cultivate a basis for optimizing: repeat business & referral
business.
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 Protocols relating to integrating ethical conduct into safety and
security include:
 Training of staff
 Need for openness, honesty, and transparency in all dealings.
 Requirement for promotions and/or sales techniques
 Planned and detailed responses
 Making the safety & security of tour group members the number one priority at all times
 Placing the safety of people/tour group members: above the security of their personal
belongings and organizational resources
 Never taking any action or making any compromises which will compromise safety and
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security.
 Resources Availability to
Support Required Safety and

C.
Security Procedures
All organizations will need to dedicate resources to
implement required safety and security procedures
identified as being necessary for the operation of the
business. This section identifies and discusses what these
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resources may be.

 i. Training
 one of the primary resources underpinning support for required
safety and security procedures. The training must embrace the
three components of competency-based training:

Skills

Knowledge; and
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Attitude.
 Delivery strategies:

Demonstration; Explanations; and

Drill/practice; Discussions.

Role-plays;

Case studies;
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Practical exercises;
 ii. PPE

Protective glasses, goggles, eyewear or visors/face shields;

Clothings such as long-sleeved shirts & long trousers, aprons and overalls,
hi-visibility clothing;

Helmets, hats, and/or caps;

Guards (padded protection) for body - elbow guards, knee pads, groin
protectors;
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Harnesses;
 ii. PPE

Gloves, gauntlets, and other palm and/or finger protection;

Footwear - such as special purpose shoes or steel-capped boots;

Hearing protection - such as ear plugs and/or earmuffs;

Respiratory protection - such as filters, breathing apparatus; and

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Sunscreen and insect repellent.

 Organizational support must be given to ensure:

 Employees know how to use/wear the items;

 Staff know how to instruct others in the use of the items;

 Regular inspections and testing occur as appropriate;

 Service and maintenance are provided as required;

 Items provided are suitable for all those who use/wear them;

 Sufficient items are provided; and

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 Items are readily available when needed.

 iii. Plans

Contingency Plans
 are plans developed to address foreseeable but unplanned problems
in given areas of the operation of a business.
 They are “Plan B”.
 They detail what action needs to be taken when the situation
described as the topic of the plan arises.
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 Contingency plans are commonly prepared for circumstances
where:

 Faults and malfunction occur with significant organizational equipment &

systems
 Adverse weather conditions
 Unexpected issues
 Data loss occurs relating to loss of information
 Power failure
 Loss or absence of key staff.
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 Disaster recovery.
 iv. Equipment and systems

Nature of items used will vary between operators based on:

 Previous experience
 Risk analysis of identified threats;
 Funds available; and
 Location of the identified threat/risk
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 Equipment and systems used in this regard will include:

 Lockable display cases and (portable, metal) containers;

 Security mirrors;
 Safes;
 Radio-frequency identification (RFID);
 Emergency alert system (EAS);
 CCTV;
 Motion detectors;
 Sensor pads;
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 Lockable doors & windows; and

 Key card and key pad access protocols.
 v. Documentation requirements

 Posters placed in various/strategic workplace locations

 Checklists
 General advisory and safety-related information/sheets (handouts) provided
while on tour.
 Information/advice sheets specific to individual
 In-country advice provided prior to or on arrival in a new country
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 Consequences of Failing to
Follow Safety and Security

D.
Procedures
Everyone working in a tourism-related organization (at all
levels and in all job positions) needs to know the potential
consequences of not implementing/adhering to required
organizational safety and security procedures in order to:
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  Be able to explain them to other staff.
 Be able to describe and demonstrate them to customers.
 Motivate them to work in the way required by the business.
 Enhance job satisfaction and promote a personal feeling of
workplace and job-related pride in performance.
 Avoid the negative consequences described below:
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 Authority and
E. Responsibility for Safety
and Security
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 Scope of Authority and Responsibility

 can also be referred as “scope of authority”, “scope of

responsibility, or “scope of employment”.
 it is the authority given to a person (by virtue of their job
position/role within the organization) to take action on behalf of
the business without having to talk to anyone else in the
workplace.
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 All employees need to know their individual scope of
authority in order to:

 Ensure they act in a way expected by the employer;

 Perform tasks and responsibilities as directed by the organization;

 Not exceed authority invested in them by the business;

 Integrate their actions and decisions with others in the workplace;

 Give them confidence and surety in their work activities; and

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 Know their limits - so they are aware.

 Acquisition of Tour, Trip,

F.
or Event Safety and
Security Information
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 It is an important prerequisite for an employee to acquire necessary safety and
security information relating to an upcoming trip, tour, or event in order to:

 Discharge duty of care obligations

 Comply with standard internal organizational protocols

 Be able to share this knowledge with other tour, trip, or event staff.
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  Determine whether or not the tour, trip or event should:
- proceed as planned,
- be delayed,
- be deferred or postponed,
- be cancelled altogether,
- have substitute activities made to itinerary;
- be modified in some other appropriate but relatively minor way.
 Identify the relevant knowledge which need to be shared with tour group
members/customers.
 Make sure they have the required PPE
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 Integrate relevant knowledge into other knowledge and other plans.

 Thank you!
Reporters:
Sophia Faye G. Malate
Angel Kaye C. Preciado
Johnfer D. Dacara
Gabriel Gino Andrei P. Say
Christian Mike Boticalao
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