The document discusses different types of interviews conducted in clinical psychology. It describes intake interviews which determine treatment needs, diagnostic interviews which evaluate diagnoses according to DSM criteria using structured interviews like the SCID, and crisis interviews. Structured interviews provide standardized questions but can lack flexibility while unstructured interviews facilitate rapport but may miss key information. A balance of styles is optimal.
The document discusses different types of interviews conducted in clinical psychology. It describes intake interviews which determine treatment needs, diagnostic interviews which evaluate diagnoses according to DSM criteria using structured interviews like the SCID, and crisis interviews. Structured interviews provide standardized questions but can lack flexibility while unstructured interviews facilitate rapport but may miss key information. A balance of styles is optimal.
The document discusses different types of interviews conducted in clinical psychology. It describes intake interviews which determine treatment needs, diagnostic interviews which evaluate diagnoses according to DSM criteria using structured interviews like the SCID, and crisis interviews. Structured interviews provide standardized questions but can lack flexibility while unstructured interviews facilitate rapport but may miss key information. A balance of styles is optimal.
The document discusses different types of interviews conducted in clinical psychology. It describes intake interviews which determine treatment needs, diagnostic interviews which evaluate diagnoses according to DSM criteria using structured interviews like the SCID, and crisis interviews. Structured interviews provide standardized questions but can lack flexibility while unstructured interviews facilitate rapport but may miss key information. A balance of styles is optimal.
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Chapter 8
The Clinical Interview
The Interviewer (1 of 7) General Skills • Interviewer should acquire general skills as foundation for conducting interviews • Requirements – Ask questions for the purpose of the client not for your own purposes – Being self-aware • Assumptions, biases, tones, openness – Developing positive working relationships with clients
The Interviewer (2 of 7) Specific Behaviors: Eye Contact • Eye contact – Facilitates and communicates listening – Makes client feels heard – Requires interviewer to have cultural knowledge and sensitivity
The Interviewer (3 of 7) Specific Behaviors: Body Language • Culture shapes connotations of body language – Being culturally aware of differences and similarities • General rules for interviewer – How you face the client – Appear attentive – Minimize restlessness – Display appropriate facial expressions
The Interviewer (5 of 7) Specific Behaviors: Verbal Tracking • Effective interviewers monitor the client’s train of thought by – Repeating key words and phrases – Reflecting and summarizing clients’ effectively – Connecting and shifting topics smoothly
Styles • Best strategy involves balance and versatility – Using only a directive approach could sacrifice rapport in favor of information – Using only a nondirective approach can facilitate rapport but fall short of gathering specific information
Questions • Closed-ended questions – Allow for far less elaboration and self- expression – Yield quick and precise answers – Used in directive interviewing style
Technique: Clarification • Clarification question – Used to ensure interviewer’s accurate understanding of client’s comments – Communicates that interviewer is actively listening
Technique: Confrontation • Similar to clarifications, but focuses on contradictory information supplied • Used when discrepancies or inconsistencies are noticed in client’s comments • Building and maintaining rapport is crucial
Technique: Paraphrasing • Used to assure clients of being accurately heard • Restates clients’ comments using similar language • Maintains conversation, doesn’t break new ground
content • Echoes client’s emotions • Intended to make clients feel that their emotions/content are recognized • Involves interviewer’s inference about emotions underlying client’s words
Technique: Summarizing • Ties together various topics of discussion • Connects statements made at different points • Identifies themes that have recurred during the interview • Lets clients know that they have been understood in a comprehensive, integrative way
Types of Interviews (6 of 10) Structured Interviews Versus Unstructured Interviews • In unstructured interviews, interviewers – Improvise – Determine questions on the spot to seek relevant information
Types of Interviews (7 of 10) SCID: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders – List of questions that ask about specific symptoms of disorders listed in DSM – Most SCID questions designed to elicit yes/no answers – Modular: • Interviewers can choose only those modules (or sections) of the SCID that are relevant for a particular clinical case and omit the other modules. • One benefit of this modular design is a reduction in the time needed to complete the SCID.
Types of Interviews (7 of 10) Semistructured interview
• Include structured and unstructured segments
• Structured modules and questions • series of targeted questions to address specific diagnostic criteria. • But allow rephrasing, follow-up, restructuring, clarifications, further elaboration, and flexibility – DIAMOND: Diagnostic Interview for Anxiety, Mood, and OCD and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders – MINI: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview
Types of Interviews (8 of 10) Mental Status Exam • Employed most often in medical/primary care settings • Intended for brief, flexible administration • At times requiring no manual or other materials – THE MODIFIED MINI-MENTAL STATE (3MS) TEST – Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) – Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Types of Interviews (9 of 10) In a mental status exam, some main categories: 1.Appearance 2.Behavior/psychomotor activity 3.Attitude toward interviewer 4.Affect and mood 5.Speech and thought 6.Perceptual disturbances 7.Orientation to person, place, and time 8.Memory and intelligence 9.Reliability, judgment, and insight
Types of Interviews (10 of 10) Crisis Interviews • Assesses problems demanding urgent attention like suicide, etc. • Suicidal thoughts: – Active versus Passive
