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you know something about
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-Lord Wiliam Jhonson Kelvin (1824-1907)
1
 F I R S T QUARTER
Chapter 1: Functions and their Graphs
 Lesson 5: Composition of Functions

Objective:
At the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
 perform composition of functions
 solve problems involving composition of
functions
REVIEW! lesson, you should be able to
Before you proceed with this

recall how to evaluate functions.

Given f(x)=3x³-2x²+2x+1, find:
1. f(−2)
2. f(x+1)
Solution:
1. f(-2)=3(-2)³-2 (-2)²+ 2(-2)+1 = -35
2. f(x+1)=3(x+1)³-2(x+1)²+2(x+1)+1
f(x+1)=3(x³+3x²+3x+1) -2(x²+2x+1)+2(x+1) +1
f(x+1)=3x³+7x²+7x+4

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Composition of Functions
Recall in the discussion of the five machines that output of one
machine was connected to the input of another machine.
These similar scenario can be applied to the functions discussed
above. Ask what would happen if the “output of the function f(x)
= 2x + 1 is used as the input for the function q(x) = x² - 2x + 2.
The results is (2x + 1)² - 2(2x + 1) + 2. Using a function as an input
leads us to function composition, as defined below.

Definition.
Let f and g be functions. The composite function,
denoted by (f o g), is defined by
(f o g)(x) = f(g(x))
The process of obtaining a composite function is
called function composition.
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 Machine diagram
Now let’s consider a very important way of combining
two functions to get a new function. Suppose f(x) =
and g(x) = x² + 1. We may define a new function f(h) as
h(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x) = f(x² + 1) =
g f
√ x ²+1
Take the
x square &
add 1 x²+1 square
root
Input output

h
Figure 1: The h machine is composed of the g
machine (first) and then the f machine (second)
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Composition of Functions
Given two functions f and g, the composite function f 0 g (also
called the composition of f and g) is defined by
(f 0 g) (x) = f(g(x))
The domain of f 0 g is the set of all x in the domain of g such that
g(x) is in the domain of f. In other words, 1f (f 0 g) (x) is defined
whenever both g(x) and f(g(x)) are defined. We can picture f 0 g
using an arrow diagram (Figure 4).

x fog

g f(g (x))
f
g(x)

Figure 2: Arrow diagram for f o g

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LEARN ABOUT IT!
Given two functions, f(x)=2x-3 and g(x)=x²+3
​find (f∘ g)(x).
Composition of Functions
The process of combining functions, where the
output of one function is used as the input of the
other function, is known as function
composition.
Given two functions f(x) and g(x), their
composite, denoted by (f∘g), is the function
defined by (f∘g)(x)=f(g(x)) which is read as "f
composed with g of x" or "f of g of x".
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HOW TO DO IT! Given two functions, f(x)=2x-3 and
g(x)=x²+3, find (f∘ g)(x).
Step 1: Use the appropriate notation.
(f∘g)(x)=f(g(x))
Step 2: Substitute the given functions to the notation.
f(g(x))=f(x²+3)
​

f(g(x))=2(x²+3)-3
Step 3: Simplify the expression.
f(g(x))=2x²+6-3
f(g(x))=2x²+3
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 Finding the composition Functions
Let f(x) = x² and g(x) = x-3
(a) Find the functions f o g and g o f and their domains.
(b) Find (f o g)(5) and (g o f)(7).
Solution:
(a)We have
(f o g)(x) = f(g(x)) definition of f o g
= f(x-3) definition of g
= (x-3)² definition of f

And (g o f)(x0 = g(f(x)) definition of g o f

= g(x²) definition of f
= x² - 3 definition of g
 Finding the composition Functions
Let f(x) = x² and g(x) = x-3
(a) Find the functions f o g and g o f and their domains.
(b) Find (f o g)(5) and (g o f)(7).
Solution: The domain of both f o g and g o f are Ɽ.
(b) We have
(f o g)(5) = f(g(5)) from (a) we have
(f o g)(x) = (x-3)² from (a) definition of g
= (5-3)² then substitute 5 to x
= (2)²
=4
(g o f)(7) = g(f(7)) from (a) we have

(g o f)(x) = x²-3 from (a) definition of f

= 7²-3 then substitute 7 to x
= 49-3
Given two functions
g(x)=x²-3x+2 and
h(x)=2x+5, what is
(h∘g)(x)?
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 Given two functions g(x)=x²-3x+2 and
h(x)=2x+5, what is (h∘g)(x)?
Step 1: Use the appropriate notation.
(h∘g)(x)=h(g(x))
Step 2: Substitute the given functions to the notation.
h(g(x))=h(x²-3x+2)
h(g(x))=2(x²-3x+2) + 5
Step 3: Simplify the expression.
h(g(x))=2x²-6x+4+5
h(g(x))=2x²-6x+9

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Vince works 45 hours a week at a
printing press. He receives ₱ 1500
weekly salary plus 22% commission in
every 1000 and printouts made.
Assuming that Vince makes enough
printouts this week to get his
commission, what is the composition,
(P∘R)(x), given the functions
P(x)=0.02x and R(x)=x−1000?
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Step 1: Use the appropriate notation.
(P∘R)(x)=P(R(x)) P(x)=0.02x and R(x)=x−1000
Step 2: Substitute the given functions to the
notation.
P(R(x))=P(x−1000)
P(R(x))=0.02(x−1000)
Step 3: Simplify the expression.
P(R(x))=0.02x−20
The composite function for commission is
P(R(x))=0.02x−20. 14
  Group Activity No. 1: Application of
Function Composition
Time Frame: 6 minutes, June 24, 2017
Note: Arrange yourself as per Group number.

A spherical balloon is being inflated.

Let r(t)=3t cm represent its radius at
time t seconds, and let g(r) = be the
volume of the same balloon if its radius
is r. write (g ) in terms of t, and
describe what it represents.
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Consider the function r(t)=3t and g(r) = Find (g ⃘
r) in term of t.
Step 1: Use the appropriate notation.
(g∘r)(t)=g(r(t))
Step 2: Substitute the given functions to the
notation.
(g∘r)(t)=
Step 3: Simplify the expression.
(g∘r)(t)= = 36
The composite function for commission is
(g∘r)(t)=
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 tips
For functions f and g, the
composition f(g(x)) is not always
equal to g(f(x)).
To find the composite function,
perform the inner function first,
then replace the result to the outer
function.
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Homework 1. If f(x) = x² + 3x and g(x) = x - 2,
find and simplify the following composite
functions:
a) f o g
b) g o f
c) f o f
d) g o g
Answer: a) x²-x-2
b) x²+3x-2
c) x⁴ + 6x³+ 12x²+9x
d) x-4 18
Given two functions f(x)
and g(x), their
composite is denoted by
(f∘g)(x) or f(g(x)).

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  Performance Task No. 2: Application of
Function composition
Time Frame: until July 24, 2017
Note: Group Activity
Performance Task: How clear are the concepts to you?
1. Do a research about the application of function
Composition in real life situations.
2. Group may present 2 examples in real life
situations/application.
3. Complete solutions with explanation with reference
to concepts that has been discussed.

Note: Students may present their work through a

written report.
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  Activity : Rational Functions
 Next session: Light it Up activity
Activity No. 1. Bring the following Materials Per Group:
 Each group should bring or be provided with the
following materials:
1. Flashlight with narrow or laser pointer.
(LED flashlight may not be suitable for
this activity)
2. Flat mirror
3. Measuring tape
4. A thick book
5. Graphing paper.
Note: Regroup the class due uneven
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number of members.
 On July 13, 2017
We will have
Long Quiz No. 2
About
operation &
composition of
functions.
Presenter: Engr. Alfredo Gragasin Labador Jr.
 End of Lesson 5
If you don’t fight for what you
want, don’t cry for what you
lost…
THANK YOU for
your 60 minutes
Dear Students!24