Capítulo 3

La declaración SELECT para una tabla

Objetivos: Al finalizar este capítulo, usted será capaz de:

Escribir una declaración SELECT para una tabla

Listar las cláusulas opcionales

Usar la cláusula WHERE

Usar la cláusula ORDER BY

Cláusulas de la declaración SELECT

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT | UNIQUE] select-list

FROM [OUTER] table-name [table-alias] [,...]
[ WHERE condition ]
[ GROUP BY column-list ]
[ HAVING condition ]
[ ORDER BY column-name [ASC | DESC],... ]
[ INTO TEMP table-name ]
Seleccionando todas las columnas

SELECT * FROM manufact

manu_code manu_name lead_time

SMT Smith 3
ANZ Anza 5
NRG Norge 7
HSK Husky 5
HRO Hero 4
SHM Shimara 30
KAR Karsten 21
NKL Nikolus 8
PRC ProCycle 9
 Seleccionando columnas específicas
SELECT fname, lname FROM customer

fname lname
Ludwig Pauli
Carole Sadler
Philip Currie
Anthony Higgins
Raymond Vector
George Watson
Charles Ream
Donald Quinn
Jane Miller
Roy Jaeger
Frances Keyes
Seleccionando valores únicos

SELECT customer_num SELECT distinct customer_num

FROM orders FROM orders
customer_num customer_num
101 101
104 104
104 106
104 110
104 111
106 112
106 115
110 116
110 117
111 119
112 120
115 121
116 122
117 123
117 124
Ejecutando múltiples declaraciones

SELECT * FROM manufact;

SELECT fname, lname, company

FROM customer;
SELECT phone, customer_num
FROM customer;
Use un punto y coma (;)
para separar múltiples
declaraciones SQL
 La cláusula WHERE

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT | UNIQUE] select-list

FROM [OUTER] nombre-tabla [alias_tabla] [,...]
[WHERE condición]
 Incluyendo y excluyendo renglones
SELECT stock_num, manu_code,description, unit
FROM stock WHERE unit='case‘

stock_num manu_code description unit

1 HRO baseball gloves case
1 HSK baseball gloves case
1 SMT baseball gloves case
2 HRO baseball case
3 HSK baseball bat case

SELECT stock_num, manu_code,description, unit

FROM stock WHERE unit != 'case‘

stock_num manu_code description unit

5 NRG tennis racquet each
5 SMT tennis racquet each
101 PRC bicycle tires box
 Usando comillas
 Utiliza comillas para delimitar las cadenas literales

SELECT * FROM customer

WHERE lname = “Millar”;

 No use comillas para delimitar literales numéricas

SELECT * FROM customer

WHERE customer_num = 102;
 Operadores Relacionales

= igual
!= o <> diferente
> mayor que
>= mayor que o igual a
< menor que
<= menor que o igual a
Identificando valores nulos

SELECT lname, phone, address2

FROM customer WHERE address2 IS NULL;

lname phone address2

Pauli 408-789-8075
Sadler 415-822-1289
Vector 415-776-3249
Watson 415-389-8789
Ream 415-356-9876
Quinn 415-544-8729
Jaeger 415-743-3611
Identificando valores nulos

SELECT lname, phone, address2

FROM customer WHERE address2 IS NOT NULL;

lname phone address2

Currie 415-328-4543 P. O. Box 3498
Higgins 415-368-1100 422 Bay Road
Miller 408-723-8789 7345 Ross Blvd.
Wallack 302-366-7511 350 W. 23rd Street
Hanlon 904-823-4239 Suite 1020
Putnum 918-355-2074 Suite 909C
Satifer 312-944-5691 12222 Gregory Street
Lessor 602-533-1817 1817 N. Thomas Road
 Palabras reservadas en la
ANDcláusula WHERE
OR
[NOT] BETWEEN
[NOT] IN
IS [NOT] NULL
[NOT] LIKE
[NOT] MATCHES
 Palabras reservadas AND y OR

SELECT fname, lname

FORM customer
WHERE city = “Los Altos” AND state = “CA”;

SELECT fname, lname

FORM customer
WHERE state = “AZ” OR state = “CA”
Combinando condiciones de comparación

SELECT fname, lname

FROM customer
WHERE state = “CA”
AND city = “Los Altos” OR state = “AZ”
Encontrando un rango de
valores
SELECT stock_num, manu_code, description,
unit_price
FROM stock
WHERE unit_price BETWEEN 20.00 AND 30.00

stock_num manu_code description unit_price

5 NRG tennis racquet $28.00
5 SMT tennis racquet $25.00
9 ANZ volleyball net $20.00
103 PRC frnt derailleur $20.00
106 PRC bicycle stem $23.00
109 PRC pedal binding $30.00
 Encontrando un subconjunto de
valores
SELECT customer_num, lname, fname, company
unit_price
FROM customer
WHERE customer_num IN (118,114,106,101,127)

customer_num lname fname unit_price

118 Baxter Dick Blue Ribbon Sports
114 Albertson Frank Sporting Place
106 Watson George Watson & Son
101 Pauli Ludwig All Sports Supplies
127 Satifer Kim Big Blue Bike Shop
Operadores para búsquedas caracter

ANSI INFORMIX

LIKE MATCHES Significado

% * Evalúa cero o mas posiciones

_ ? Evalúa un único caracter

\ \ Especifica el siguiente carácter como un

Literal

[] Especifica valores validos para un único

carácter
Caracteres comodines con
longitud variable
SELECT customer_num, company
FROM customer
WHERE company MATCHES '*Sports‘

customer_num company
103 Phil's Sports
105 Los Altos Sports
108 Quinn's Sports
115 Gold Medal Sports
118 Blue Ribbon Sports
121 City Sports
123 Bay Sports
125 Total Fitness Sports
Caracter comodín único

SELECT customer_num, company

FROM customer
WHERE company MATCHES '?l*‘

customer_num company
101 All Sports Supplies
104 Play Ball!
116 Olympic City
118 Blue Ribbon Sports
Restringido solo caracter
comodín
SELECT * FROM MANUFACT
WHERE manu_name MATCHES '[A-N]*'

manu_code manu_name lead_time

ANZ Anza 5
NRG Norge 7
HSK Husky 5
HRO Hero 4
KAR Karsten 21
NKL Nikolus 8
Restringido solo caracter
comodín
SELECT *
FROM manufact
WHERE manu_name MATCHES '[AN]*‘

manu_code manu_name lead_time

ANZ Anza 5
NRG Norge 7
NKL Nikolus 8
Comparando con caracteres especiales

SELECT customer_num, fname, lname, company

FROM customer
WHERE company MATCHES '*\\*‘

customer_num fname lname company

129 Ben Royal Little\Jacobs\Writgh
 La cláusula ORDER BY

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT | UNIQUE] select-list

FROM [OUTER] table-name [table-alias] [,...]
[WHERE condition]
…
[ORDER BY column-name [ASC | DESC],...]
 La cláusula ORDER BY

SELECT stock_num, manu_code, description, unit_price

FROM stock
ORDER BY stock_num, manu_code desc

stock_num manu_code description unit_price

1 SMT baseball gloves $450.00
1 HSK baseball gloves $800.00
1 HRO baseball gloves $250.00
2 HRO baseball $126.00
3 SHM baseball bat $280.00
3 HSK baseball bat $240.00
4 HSK football $960.00
4 HRO football $480.00
5 SMT tennis racquet $25.00