UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Domain Aptitude
Sub. Code: 20ELT-659

Starting and Speed Control Methods DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

 Syllabus (Three Phase Induction
Motor)
• Induction machine-phasor diagram, equivalent circuit, power flow diagram,
different methods of starting, single phase induction motor.

2
• TEXT BOOKS:
• Electric Machines: I.J. Nagrath and D.P. Kothari, TMH, New
Delhi.
• Electric Machinery, Fitzgerald & Kingsley, MGH.

• REFERENCE BOOKS:
• Theory of alternating current machinery, A.S. Langsdorf,
TMH.
• Electrical Machinery, P. S. Bimbhra, Khanna Publishers
Delhi.
• Generalized theory of Electrical Machine, P. S.Bimbhra,
Khanna Publishers Delhi.
 Weightage of Electrical Machines in Competitive Exams

• Gate 2020- 14 Marks (Average Last Ten Years)

• SSC Exams- 25-30 Marks (Average Last Ten Years)

• EES Exam- 20-25 Marks (Average Last Ten Years)

• Other State Level Competitive Exams -30-35) (Average Last Ten Years)
EE Toppers
IES

GATE-2020 Topper

ABHASH RAI- AIR-1- 86.3 %

5
Starting methods
Full Voltage Starting Method for Squirrel Cage Induction Motor:

Direct on Line Starting Method

• This method is also known as the DOL method for starting the three phase squirrel cage
induction motor. In this method we directly switch the stator of the three phase squirrel
cage induction motor on to the supply mains. The motor at the time of starting draws
very high starting current (about 5 to 7 times the full load current) for the very short
duration. The amount of current drawn by the motor depends upon its design and size.
But such a high value of current does not harm the motor because of rugged construction
of the squirrel cage induction motor.
 Contd..
Reduced voltage method for starting squirrel cage induction motor:
In reduced voltage method we have three different type of starting method and these are
written below:
 Stator resistor starting method
 Auto transformer starting method
 Star delta starting method
 Now let us discuss each of these methods in detail.
 Stator Resistor Starting Method
Stator resistor starting method
Auto Transformer Starting Method
Star-Delta Starting Method
Addition of External Resistances in Rotor Circuit
 This will decrease the starting current, increases the starting torque and also improves the power factor. At the time of
starting of the motor, the entire external resistance is added in the rotor circuit. Then the external rotor resistance is
decreased in steps as the rotor speeds up, however the motor torque remain maximum during the acceleration period of
the motor.

 Induction motor always operates at lagging power factor while the synchronous motor can operate at both lagging and
leading power factor.

 In an induction motor the value of maximum torque is directly proportional to the square of the supply voltage while in
case of synchronous machine the maximum torque is directly proportional to the supply voltage.

 In an induction motor we can easily control speed while with synchronous motor, in normal condition we cannot control
speed of the motor. (d) Induction motor has inherent self starting torque while the synchronous motor has no inherent self
starting torque

 We cannot use induction motor to improve the power factor of the supply system while with the use of synchronous
motor we can improve the power factor of the supply system.

 It is a singly excited machine means there is no requirement of dc excitation while the synchronous motor is doubly
excited motor means there is requirement of separate dc excitation.

 In case of induction motor on increasing the load the speed of the motor decreases while with the speed of the
synchronous motor remains constant.
Practice Questions (Competitive Exams)
• A 3-phase, 4-pole, 400 V, 50 Hz squirrel-cage induction motor is operating at a slip of 0.02. The
speed of the rotor flux in mechanical rad/sec, sensed by a stationary observer, is closest to
• A star-connected, 12.5kW, 208 V (line), 3-phase, 60 Hz squirrel cage induction motor has
following equivalent circuit parameters per phase referred to the stator:
R1=0.3Ω,R2=0.3Ω,X1=0.41Ω,X2=0.41Ω.. Neglect shunt branch in the equivalent circuit. The
starting current (in Ampere) for this motor when connected to an 80 V (line), 20 Hz, 3-phase AC
source is __________.
• The figure shows the per-phase equivalent circuit of a two-pole three-phase induction motor
operating at 50 Hz. The “air-gap” voltage, Vg across the magnetizing inductance, is 210 V rms,
and the slip, s, is 0.005. The torque (in Nm) produced by the motor is ______.

• An 8-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor is operating at a speed of 700 rpm. The frequency of
the rotor current of the motor in Hz is ____________.

12
• A 220 V, 3-phase, 4-pole, 50 Hz inductor motor of wound rotor type is supplied at rated voltage
and frequency. The stator resistance, magnetizing reactance, and core loss are negligible. The
maximum torque produced by the rotor is 225% of full load torque and it occurs at 15% slip. The
actual rotor resistance is 0.03Ω/ phase. The value of external resistance (in Ohm) which must be
inserted in a rotor phase if the maximum torque is to occur at start is ________.
• A 3 phase, 50 Hz, six pole induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.1 Ω and reactance of 0.92 Ω.
Neglect the voltage drop in stator and assume that the rotor resistance is constant. Given that the
full load slip is 3%, the ratio of maximum torque to full load torque is…………….
• A single phase induction motor draws 12 MW power at 0.6 lagging power. A capacitor is
connected in parallel to the motor to improve the power factor of the combination of motor and
capacitor to 0.8 lagging. Assuming that the real and reactive power drawn by the motor remains
same as before, the reactive power delivered by the capacitor in MVAR is __________.
• A single phase induction motor is provided with capacitor and centrifugal switch in series with
auxiliary winding. The switch is expected to operate at a speed of 0.7 Ns, but due to
malfunctioning the switch fails to operate. The torque-speed characteristic of the motor is
represented by

13
(A) (B) (C) (D)
REFERENCES

[1]
http://eeeinterviewtips.blogspot.in/2011/09/discuss-different-type
s-of-motors-their.html
[2] http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_II/pdf/1_4.pdf
[3] Electrical Machines by P.S Bhimbra
[4] Electrical Machines by Ashfaq Hussain
[5] http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Electrical_Machines_II/pdf/1_8.pdf
THANK YOU

15