UNIT 2 – LESSON 1

N AT U R E O F

PROBLEM-BASED
& PROJECT-BASED
APPROACHES
Lesson Outcomes
• D is c u s s th e s a l i e n t f e a t u r e s o f
Pro b le m - B a s e d L e a r n i n g a n d Pr o je c t-
B a s e d L e a r n i n g a n d i t s a p p lic a ti o n to
th e a tta in m e n t o f l e a r n i n g
c o m p e te n c i e s a n d l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s .
• A n a ly z e h o w t e c h n o l o g i e s f o r te a c h in g
a n d le a r n i n g c a n b e m a x i m iz e d i n
Pro b le m - B a s e d L e a r n i n g a n d Pr o je c t-
Based Learning.
• Sh a re s o m e p e r f o r m a n c e s ta n d a r d s f r o m
th e C u r ri c u l u m G u i d e t h a t c a n e m p lo y
Pro b le m - B a s e d L e a r n i n g a n d Pr o je c t-
Based Learning.
Engage:
• In a group of three, do the following:

1. Look for a picture from the internet

and create a meme or question about it.
2. Write a sentence about calculus.

At which step did you find it easier to

write? Why?
Nature of Problem-Based Learning
• Problem-based learning is an
approach that involves a process of
inquiry and solving open-ended
questions that serve as the main
problem that the learners will work
on.
• The type of questions posited is
focused on a specific content
standard and its application to real
life issues. It also requires more
than one answer or solution.
Nature of Problem-Based Learning

• Learners are engaged in a

collaborative task as they work
towards the solution to the
problem.
• This learning activity is done in
small groups with each member
assigned a certain task to
accomplish.
Nature of Problem-Based Learning
• In the process of engaging in
PBL, they learn several skills
such as problem-solving.
communicating, research, among
others which are essential in the
workplace.
• The end goal of PBL is to ensure
that the target learning
competencies are achieved in
the process.
Five Principles of PBL
• Ali (2019) described PBL as a
process that is used to identify
problems with a scenario to
increase the knowledge and
understanding. In her research
article, she proposed the
following five principles of PBL
that can be considered by
teachers in planning or using the
approach:
Five Principles of PBL
1. Independent and self-directed
learning
2. Learning happens in a group and
teacher is a facilitator
3. All groups have to participate
equally.
4. Students' learn about motivation,
teamwork, problem-solving and
engagement with the task.
5. Materials such as data,
photographs, articles, can be
used to solve the problem.
Six-stage Process of PBL
Lo (2009) proposed a six-stage
process that was used in the
adoption of the online PBL:
1. Identifying the problem -
current issues that do not have
just one answer or one definite
solution;
2. Brainstorming - generate ideas;
tackle the problem through
sell-directed questioning;
arouse students' intrinsic
motivation;
Six-stage Process of PBL
3. Collecting and analyzing the
information - assigning group
members to collect
information; posting what
they found and what they
learned; collaborative
collection of useful
information;
4. Synthesizing information -
solving the problem through
relevant data synthesized;
knowledge building;
Six-stage Process of PBL

5. Co-building knowledge -
presentation of the solution to
the learning problem/ issue;
and
6. Refining the outcomes - giving
of feedback and suggestions by
the instructor to help students
improve: learning from other
group's presentation.
BENEFITS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
• Schettino (2016)
Mathematics learners are able
to make solution methods that
might be connected to other
problems.
In addition, the research
prompts the importance of PBL in
checking student communication
through feedback on their
presentation, questioning skills,
metacognitive journaling to
reflect on their errors, and
thought processes.
BENEFITS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
• 0 ʻ Brien, Wallach, & Mash-Duncan (2011)
Teaching mathematics should not be
taught merely as solving word problems
(computational exercises couched in
words) but solve problems outside a math
classroom - the essence of PBL.
The heart of PBL is collaborative work
that will help students devise and solve
problems involving conceptually complex
materials.
PBL promotes personal construction of
knowledge where students engage in
interesting tasks, problems, and
investigations.
BENEFITS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

• Kim, Belland, & Walker (2018)

PBL is a leaner-centered approach
that aims to improve students'
content knowledge and problem-
solving skills using authentic
problems. Also, students are able to
do self-reflection by identifying the
needed skills and knowledge in solving
problems they encounter.
Nature of Project-Based Learning/Approach
• Project-based learning is an approach
but has evolved as a teaching method
that engages learners in a series of
planned tasks resulting to the
generation of solutions to real-world
problems.
• It is a student-centered approach as
it takes into account the realm of
experiences and interest of students.
Nature of Project-Based Learning/Approach
• This method is based on John
Dewey's principle of learning by
doing and Vygotsky's
constructivist theory of learning
that advocates social
construction of knowledge.
• PrBL/ PBA is a collaborative
learning activity where learners
work on an authentic task
guided by an open-ended
question.
Nature of Project-Based Learning/Approach

• Each member has an assigned

role that will contribute to the
solution of the problem that was
identified which reflects the
real issues in their community
or the world at large.
Benefits of Project-Based Learning/Approach
1. Research methodology skills
(Tiwari, Arya, & Bansal, 2017).
Research revealed that PrBL/PBA
enhanced students knowledge of
the topic taken, searching review
for the topic, improved
communication skills, data
collection skills, and analytical
and presentation skills.
Benefits of Project-Based Learning/Approach
2. Critical thinking skills
(Nargundkar, Samaddar, &
Mukhopadhyay, 2019). To solve
real-life problems, students
are expected to use the
knowledge they had
constructed, to think deeply
about the issue, consider
evidence for or against a
proposed solution, and apply
reasoning skills; and
Benefits of Project-Based Learning/Approach
3. Development of life skills
(Wurdinger & Qureshi, 2015).
Their findings revealed that after
taking the PBL Course, there was a
significant difference in the mean
scores for the following life skills:
responsibility, problem solving, self-
direction, communication, and
creativity skills. It was concluded that
PrBL indeed promotes further
development of life skills.
ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
• Learners can use a number of free
online tools from the commencement
of the task to its completion
especially that some of the group
tasks will be done outside the
regular class hours.
• Online tools will allow the learners
to be actively connected and
engaged in the group task while
monitoring their contributions.
ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY
• The teacher acting as facilitator
may also have the opportunity to
peep into the activities of each
learner thereby enabling him/her
to give feedback at any stage of
the PBL activity.
• Bower, Hedberg and Kuswara
(2010) stresses that technology
is simply the mediator for
collaboration and representation
and that it is the type of task
and thinking processes in which
students engage that determines
the quality of learning.
ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY

• When using PBL, the learning

competencies must be the
primary consideration together
with the content and
performance standards before
the technology integration.
TASK
Explore the internet and look for
reliable sources to answer the
following question:

“How do Inquiry-Based Learning,

Problem-Based Learning, and Project-
Based Learning differ from each other?
EXPECTED OUTPUT
• Your paper must have the following:

• Introduction (2-3 paragraphs)

• Review of different articles related to
the question (at least 5)
• Conclusion (your answer to the
question)
• References