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CH 4. DHCP

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20 views25 pages

CH 4. DHCP

Uploaded by

cabdalemuhamed2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Routing and Switching

Lecturer: Eng. Mahdi Obsiyeh

ALPHA University
IT and Cypher security
Borama, Somaliland
Chapter 4
DHCP
Objectives

• Introduction to DHCP
• How DHCP client and DHCP server model work?
• DORA PROCESS
• APIPA
• DHCP Configuration
Introduction

Every device that connects to a network needs a unique IP


address. Network administrators assign static IP addresses to
routers, servers, printers, and other network devices whose
locations (physical and logical) .
DHCP

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is


a client/server protocol used on Internet Protocol (IP)
networks for automatically assign network configuration
parameters, such as IP addresses, Default gateway, dns for
interfaces and services.

a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server to


the local network simplifies IP address assignment to both
desktop and mobile devices. Using a centralized DHCP
server enables organizations to administer all dynamic IP
address assignments from a single server.
DORA PROCESS

 When a new client come to the network, It broadcast a


DHCP DISCOVER packet to find the dhcp server in
network.

 Once dhcp server receive the DHCP DISCOVER packet. It


replies with OFFER PACKET contains ip address, subnet
mask, gateway.

 Once client select the offer it broadcast a DHCP REQUEST


to stores client information.

 Once dhcp server receive the dhcp request it stores the


IP address client information in the DHCP database and
broadcasts DHCPACK message
Hey ! I am new In
Network

DHCP SERVER
Broadcasting
DHCP
DISCOVER

DHCP SERVER
00-8E-FC-14-08

DHCP SERVER
I have
received your
Packet

DHCP SERVER
I am sending
you an offer

DHCP SERVER
192.168.1..x
255.255.255.0
192.168.1.1

DHCP SERVER
I Like your
offer, I am
requesting you
to lease me
offered address

DHCP SERVER
Request

DHCP SERVER
Ok. I have
updated the
record in my
database.

DHCP
DATAB
ASE

DHCP SERVER
ACK DHCP
ACK
DATABASE

DHCP SERVER
APIPA

Short for Automatic Private IP Addressing, a feature of later


Windows operating systems. With APIPA, dhcp clients can
automatically self-configure an IP address and subnet mask
when a DHCP server isn't available

APIPA IP Range is 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.254


Components of DHCP

When working with DHCP, it’s important to understand all of the


components. Below is a list of them and what they do:

 DHCP server: A networked device running the DCHP service that


holds IP addresses and related configuration information. This is
most typically a server or a router but could be anything that acts
as a host, such as an SD-WAN appliance.

 DHCP client: The endpoint that receives configuration


information from a DHCP server. This can be a computer, mobile,
printer device. Most are configured to receive DHCP information
by default.
 IP address pool: The range of addresses that are available
to DHCP clients. Addresses are typically handed out
sequentially from lowest to highest.

 Subnet: IP networks can be partitioned into segments


known as subnets. Subnets help keep networks
manageable.

 Lease: The length of time for which a DHCP client holds


the IP address information. When a lease expires, the
client must renew it.
Benefits of DHCP servers

Reduced IP address conflicts: Each connected device must


have an IP address. However, each address can only be used
once and a duplicate address will result in a conflict where
one or both of the devices cannot be connected. This can
happen when addresses are assigned manually,

Efficient change management: The use of DHCP makes it


very simple to change addresses, scopes or endpoints. For
example, an organization may want to change its IP
addressing scheme from one range to another. The DHCP
server is configured with the new information and the
information will be propagated to the new endpoints.
Similarly,
Advantages of DHCP

.
 Automatic management of IP addresses, including the prevention of
duplicate IP address problems
 Allows the administrator to set lease times, even on manually
allocated IP addresses.
 It has great benefit to mobile users as valid configuration
parameters are automatically obtained from the new
 It supports multiple scopes e.g. multicast scope, super scope etc.
 The IP address configuration parameters must be exact and when
dealing with inputs such as “192.168.159.3”, it’s easy to make a
mistake. Typographical errors are typically very difficult to
troubleshoot and the use of a DHCP server minimizes that risk.
 the IP addresses from the 192.168.5.0 – 192.168.5.25 range will
not be assigned to hosts
 the DHCP pool was created and named HQ_DHCP_SERVER
 the IP addresses assigned to the hosts will be from
the 192.168.5.0/24 range
 the default gateway’s IP address is 192.168.5.1
 the DNS server’s IP address is 192.168.5.1
Dhcp configure
End

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