KEERTHANA - Research
KEERTHANA - Research
KEERTHANA - Research
PRESENTATION-UG PROJECT
Presenter: Keerthana G
Guide: Muhammed Rashid
PhD Scholar
Date: 30-09-2023
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CONTENTS
Chapter 1
1.0 Background
1.1 Need of study
1.2 Hypotheses
1.3 Objective of the study
Chapter 2
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Chapter 4
4.0 Result table
4.1 Result pie- chart
4.2 correlation table
Chapter 5
5.0 Discussion
Chapter 6
6.0 Conclusion
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Introduction
BACKGROUND
•Low back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent problem in the world. It has a profound effect on well
being and is often the cause of significant physical and psychological health impairment.
(manchikanti et al., 2014)
•Many studies have proven that LBP increases linearly from the third decade of life on, until the
60year of life. LBP is common yet an exclusive disorder. It is multidimensional in nature and has
a multifactorial aetiology depending upon their life style.
(kostova and koleva, 2001)
•Yet LBP is prevalent it is not gender oriented. Both men and women have equal amount of
prevalence.
(hoy et al.,2012)
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•When stress become chronic, as in case of chronic pain, patient personify their pain that they
form a mental representation of the pain as possessing specific traits, which in turn impacts their
ability to adapt.
( tsur et al 2022)
•Hence by using BGU-IPS scale we evaluate personification of chronic low back pain and find the
elation of negative and positive personification and their impact on the lifestyle.
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•Secondary objective
To test the potential moderating role of chronic pain intensity in the link
between pain personification and outcome variable.
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• Prevalence of LBP globally is 8.20% in 1990 and slight decreased to 7.50% in 2017 and
nationally, annual, and lifetime prevalence of LBP is 48%, 51% and 66% respectively.
(M shetty et al., 2022)
• CLBP global prevalence was 4.2% in individuals aged between 24 to 39 years old and 19.6% in
those aged between 20 to 59 years old.
(meucci et., 2015)
•Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was between 40% and 100%. A study was done to examine
the prevalence of anxiety, depression, disability, insomnia, and sleep quality in chronic pain
patients. The mean ODI score was 31.54%, VAS score was 6.08, and insomnia of varying
severity was found in 29 patients.
(Cohen et., 2004)
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Section 2 Summary
•Illness personification is an individual's tendency to ascribe human attributes to chronic illness
qualities relevant to their self and identity. A study on ILL-PERF in SLE patients found that they
personify their illness as persecution, the self being as victim, and some reported as a warrior-
hero fighting an enemy. This suggests that personification differs from person to person, with
some taking their illness in a positive way while others take it in a negative way.
(schattner et., 2008)
•Pain personification is the tendency to ascribe human characteristics to chronic pain sensation in
a way that is relevant to the self. It has been proven that individuals who ascribe positive meaning
to chronic pain have lower levels of anxiety and depression and improved quality of life.
(Tsur et., 2020)
•Dr. Jonathan and Mike Osborn's research explored the relationship between chronic benign LBP
and their sense of self from an idiographic, phenomenological perspective. The majority of
participants described chronic pain as a fear, shame and sensitivity to punishment or rejection and
fear of social punishment.
( jonathan et., 2019)
• It is important to know the pain perception in chronic condition as it has major role on the
psychological and psychosocial factor of a individual.
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•Roy Aloni and Golan Shahar's article Negative and Positive Personification of Multiple Sclerosis
(MS) found that BGU-IPS is a good to excellent test-retest reliability for negative personification
scale (ICC = 0.81; P<.001) for positive personification scale (ICC = 0.76; P<.001).
(Aloni et., 2023)
• Previous applications of BGU-IPS in health research have found that negative personification is
associated with elevated level of psychological and psychopathological aspects, low level of
health related adaptation and salutogenic adaptation.
(tsur et., 2022 )
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•Data analysis is a process used to reduce data to a story and interpret it to derive insight. It
involves coding, tabulating, and drawing statistical inference. In survey studies, data analysis
requires a deeper understanding of the sample design, survey data, and interpretation of the
statistical methods.
(Serdar er., 2022)
•Survey Data analysis involves defining the problem and statement of objectives, understanding
the sample design, understanding the design variable, underlying constructs and missing data,
analysing the data, interpreting and evaluating the result, and reporting the estimates and
inferences from the survey data. These steps are essential for successful data analysis.
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Research Gap
•As chronic pain as a greater impact on the psychological and psychosocial aspect of an
individual, it is important to know the personification of pain so that the modification can be
done in treatment plan, coping strategies and psychological support can be given to individual.
•Previous research was done on personification of chronic pain by using BGU-IPS but still now
pain personification is not evaluated in any chronic conditions such as back pain, knee pain etc.
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Pain between the 12th rib and gluteal fold, Digitally illiterate participants
or low back related leg symptoms
The duration should be more than three Participants who do not know English
months
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Approval from the IRC was taken.
Reminder was sent to the participants on 5th day, and 10th day.
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The data was derived from a Likert scale. The shapiro-wilk test of normality was used to confirm
the normality of the data. The descriptive statistics was computed to interpret the data and to
summarise the demographic characteristics. The association of low back pain and the pain
personification was computed using spearmen correlation test/ Pearson’s correlation test.
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•Demographic characteristics
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•BGU-IPS: Ben-Gurion University Illness Personification Scale VAS: Visual Analogue Scale
The correlation coefficient of 0.367** indicates a moderately positive correlation between VAS
(pain intensity measured on the Visual Analog Scale) and Personification Score. The significance
value (0.009) is less than 0.01, which means this correlation is statistically significant at the 0.01
level (2-tailed).
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Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5