REMEMBER:

The degree of workers’ risk from exposure to

any given substance depends on the nature
and potency of the toxic effects and the
magnitude and duration of exposure.
How to Recognize Stresses /
Hazards?
Walk-through survey/ocular
inspection
Raw materials/ by-product / end-
product
Processes involved
Workers’ complaint
MSDS/CSDS
 Sources of Information

LABEL - It gives information on the:

 Trade name of the substance
 Identity and concentration
 Danger markings; safety precautions
 Manner of destroying the package
 Risks associated with the use
of the chemical
 Name of manufacturer & address
4
 GHS

• An International Standards for

Classifying Chemicals and
Communicating its Hazards

• Basis to Establish Chemical Safety

Programs

5
LABELS
 HEALTH HAZARD FIRE HAZARD
4 DEADLY FLASH POINTS
3 EXTREME DANGER
4 BELOW 73° F
2 HAZARDOUS
1 SLIGHTLY RED 3 BELOW 100° F
HAZARDOUS FIRE 2 BELOW 200° F
0 NORMAL 1 ABOVE 200° F
MATERIAL BLUE 0 WILL NOT BURN
YELLOW
HEALTH REACTIVITY

SPECIFIC HAZARD WHITE

REACTIVITY
ACID ACID SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
4 MAY DETONATE
ALK ALKALI 3 SHOCK AND HEAT
COR CORROSIVE MAY DETONATE
OXY OXIDIZER
2 VIOLENT CHEMICAL CHANGE
P POLYMERIZATION
RADIOACTIVE 1 UNSTABLE IF HEATED
USE NO WATER 0 STABLE
W
CHEMICAL N AME ______________________
 DEFINITIONS
Hazardous Material
– Physical - Substances that cause physical
damage such as Flammables &
Explosives
– Health - Substances that harm living
organisms, such as a carcinogen (causes
cancer in animals or humans). Another
example is a mutagen, which is anything
that causes a change (or mutation) in the
genetic material of a living cell.
 Examples

• Corrosives • Explosives

• Flammables • Oxidizers

• Combustibles • Peroxides
 Sources of Information

Chemical Safety Data Sheet/

Material Safety Data Sheet

- A summary of the important

health, safety & toxicological

information on the chemical

or the mixture ingredients.
YOUR GUIDE TO CHEMICAL SAFETY

11
 Material Safety Date Sheet
(MSDS)
● is a written or printed material
concerning a hazardous chemical
that is prepared in accordance with
the OSHA regulations in 29 CFR
1910.1200

12
 Contents of MSDS

1. Identification of the Chemicals

2. Composition/Information on ingredients.
3. Hazards identification.
4. First-aid measures.
5. Fire fighting measures.
6. Accidental Release Measures
7. Handling and Storage
8. Personal Protection
 Contents of MSDS

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

10. Stability and Reactivity
11. Toxicological Information.
12. Ecological Information.
13. Disposal Considerations
14. Transport Information
15. Regulatory Information.
16. Other Information
SAFE HANDLING OF CHEMICALS
 Precautions Before Handling and
Use of Chemicals
• Control the area where chemical will be used.
• The integrity of any packaging and or transfer
containers should be assured.
• Check for availability of PPE & other safety
equipment.
• Ensure that the emergency equipment is
ready and available and in good working
order.
 How to handle
Liquids and Gases?

• Liquids and gases are generally handled in

closed system. Use siphon when withdrawing
from drums. Use secondary containers such
as safety pails or buckets to carry bottles of
liquid chemicals.

• A different type of exposure risk problem is

encountered compared to handling solid
materials.
 What are the precautions for
handling Compressed Gases?
• Have the cap securely in place to protect the valve
stem.
• Cylinders must be restrained by straps, chains or
suitable stand to prevent from falling.
• Do not expose cylinders to temperatures higher than
50oC to prevent explosion.
• Cylinders should be properly labeled.
• Use the appropriate regulator on each gas cylinder.
• Use correct pressure rated tubing.
 What are the precautions for
handling compressed gases?

• Monitor for leaks. Use soapy water and

check for bubble formation. Wrapping the
thread with Teflon tape may be necessary to
stop leaks.
• Keep LPG cylinders upright.
• Do not order a surplus of cylinders. Cost of
rental for cylinders is very expensive.
 Diluting Acids

 Acid shall be poured slowly into

the water, with constant stirring of the
mixture. Water shall never be poured
into the acid.
Pipeting Solutions in laboratory works

Never pipet by mouth. When

pipetting solutions, use a bulb or
automatic pipetting aid to prevent
ingestion of dangerous materials.
Cotton plugged pipets should
also be used with pipetters.
 When pouring chemicals:

• Use extreme caution in opening bottles, container drums &

bags.
– Hold the bottle with its label toward your palm to protect
the label in case some reagent drains down the outside
of the bottle.
• Do not pour towards yourself when adding liquids or
powders.
– Use a funnel if the opening is small.
– Use glass rod between the outside of the funnel and the
neck of the receiving bottle so that air can be displaced.
• When pouring a flammable liquid from one metal container
to another, both of the containers should be grounded, as
the flowing liquid can itself generate a static spark.
When withdrawing chemicals from
drums

When flammable liquid is withdrawn

from a drum, the drum and the other
equipment must be electrically
grounded.
Remove from the container only
approximately what is needed,
discarding any excess.
Never return a chemical to its original
container.
 When mixing chemicals. . .
• Add reagent slowly:
– Observe what takes place when the first small amount is
added & wait a few moments before adding more. Some
reactions take time to start.
– With a gloved hand, feel the outside of the receiver vessel.
If it is hot, cease the addition & seek advise on whether
this is part of the reaction profile. If so the receiver vessel
should be placed on ice or water bath. If an expected
reaction does not initiate, seek advice before adding more
reagent.
• To avoid violent reactions, always pour concentrated
solutions slowly into water or into less concentrated
solutions while mixing
 What to do?
Common Code of practice at the workplace.

Make an inventory list of the chemicals used.

Make a summary of the health effects of those
chemicals.
Specify the route of exposure of those chemicals.
Check for the necessary equipment needed to the the
work safely.
Make the breakdown of operating procedures for the
equipment and measures in cases of emergency
situations.
Check for the availability of PPE.
Make a monitoring plan
Train workers.
REMEMBER . . .

Potential Accidents in the

Use of Chemicals
• Fire and Explosion
• Spills and Leaks
• Human injuries
Work Environment Measurement

Refers to the determination of

environmental stresses and their
hazardous effects on worker’s health
through direct measurement of
hazards using IH equipment.
 Evaluation

Determination of the magnitude or

level of hazards with the use of IH
equipment;
Analysis of samples
Comparison of results of
measurement with the standards
 SUMMARY POINTS

• Consult your supervisor/EHS.

• Read all safety instructions and
labels.
• Maintain safety equipment and tools.
• Review MSDSs as needed.
 SUMMARY POINTS

• Wear personal protective equipment.

• Know what to do in an emergency.
• Know storage and waste
requirements.
• Understand and obey the safety
rules.
 Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is

anything worn on your person to
protect you from hazards which may
cause harm, injury or illness.

31
Parts of the Body Needing
Protection
 Barricading Tapes

GS uses two types of Barricading Tapes

• Danger

• Caution

33
 Barricade Tapes

• Use DANGER tape/flagging to

indicate a immediate hazard which
has a high probability to cause
severe injury or death

• Use CAUTION tape/flagging to

indicate a potentially hazardous
situation which may result in minor
to moderate injury, but not death
 Elements of Fire

• Elements of Combustion (Fire

Triangle)
• All required for a fire to occur.
• Trend is to include “Chemical
Reaction” as fourth element (Fire
Tetrahedron).
 How Fires Start?

FIRE CHEMISTRY
Fire is a chemical reaction involving
rapid oxidation or burning of a fuel. It
needs three elements to occur:

FUEL - Fuel can be any combustible

material - solid, liquid or gas.

OXYGEN - The air we breathe is about

21 percent oxygen. fire only needs an
atmosphere with at least 16 percent
oxygen.

HEAT - a point where sufficient vapors CHEMICAL REACTION - A

are given off for ignition to occur. chain reaction can occur when
the three elements of fire are
present in the proper conditions
and proportions.
 How To Use a Fire Extinguisher?

ULL THE PIN

IM AT THE
BASE
QUEEZE THE
LEVER
WEEP SIDE 2
SIDE
If your Clothes Catch on Fire

Stop Drop

Roll
• Know Location of
Exits
• Know Location of Fire
Extinguisher
 Fire & Emergency
If Evacuation is required
Upon hearing;
• A Modulating siren (up and down tone) -
turn off tools/equipment and prepare for
evacuation.
• A Continuous flat Siren – Leave the area
immediately and go straight to your
designated Muster Station.
• No smoking and do not use any naked flame
Do Not leave the Muster point until told to do
so.
40
 Fire & Emergency

To prevent a fire from occurring:

• Keep work areas clean and tidy.
• Don’t overload electrical outlets.
• Report and tag out any damaged
electrical cords or equipment.
• Keep combustible chemicals and
materials away from possible ignition
sources.
• Store flammable products in cool
places.
41
 Definition
Definition
Emergency
a potentially life-threatening situation
usually occurring suddenly and
unexpectedly.

Disaster
a sudden, calamitous event bringing great
damage, loss or destruction
 Types
Types of
of Emergencies
Emergencies

Man-made Natural
 Fire  Earthquake
 Chemical Leak/Spill  Volcanic Eruption
 Structure Collapse  Typhoon
 Construction Cave-in  Floods
 Transportation Accident  Thunderstorms
 Bomb Threat  Tsunami
 Public Demonstration
 Earthquake

Hazards
• Collapse of Structure
• Falling Objects (Glass, Post, etc.)
 During an Earthquake
•Stay away from windows, bookcases, file cabinets, heavy mirrors, and
other heavy objects that could fall
•Duck under a desk or sturdy table
•Watch for falling plaster or ceiling tiles
•Stay undercover until the shaking stops, and hold onto your cover
•If the desk or table you are under moves… move with it
•If in your car, stop, but
not on a bridge, or under
trees or a power line
•If outside, stay outside,
and move to an area
clear of overhead trees,
power lines, or objects
that could fall from a
structure
•Don’t forget about
aftershocks
 During an Earthquake

If Inside
Duck

Cover
Hold
 During an Earthquake
If Outside

If you are outside, stay

outside, and stay away
from buildings utility
wires, sinkholes, and
fuel and gas lines.

The greatest danger from

falling debris is just
outside doorways and
close to outer walls. Once
in the open, get down low
(to avoid being knocked
down by strong shaking)
and stay there until the
shaking stops.
 After The Earthquake

•Be prepared for aftershocks, plan for cover when they occur
•Check for injuries, give first aid as necessary
•Remain calm, try to reassure others
•Wear shoes to avoid injury from broken glass
•Check for fire and take appropriate actions
•Check gas, water, and electric lines
•Tune to emergency broadcast system on radio
How to Shut Off Utilities
Electricity Shutoff
 Triangle of Life
The Triangle of Life is a controversial theory about how to survive a
major earthquake, typically promoted via viral emails.
 MUSTER AREAS (SAFE EVAC AREAS)

Muster Area 3 Muster Area 2

Muster Area 1
• During Emergency, What is most
important:

Quick &
Decisive Action
OSH Hierarchy of Controls

Once hazards, risks and vulnerabilities

have been identified;

Develop and implement controls to

reduce or completely eliminate the
hazards
Controls

 Engineering Controls: Management has a

responsibility to provide engineering
controls to reduce or eliminate hazards

Examples: Hood vents, floor mats, ground

fault protection, Noise enclosure,
ventilation, etc.
 Controls
 Administrative Controls: written
operating procedures that outline
acceptable methods to perform a specific
job task

 Accountability: employees must receive

training in these task specific areas. This
must be documented
Controls

 PPE is defined as the

Last Line of Defense

 Requirement for PPE

APPROPRIATE FOR THE HAZARD

USE THEM
TAKE CARE OF THEM
Protecting Employees from Workplace
Hazards

 Employers must protect employees from

workplace hazards such as machines, hazardous
substances, and dangerous work procedures that
can cause injury
 Employers must:
 Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls
to eliminate and reduce hazards
 Then use appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE) if these controls do not eliminate the hazards.
 Remember, PPE is the last level of control!
Dual Responsibilities
 The employer has a responsibility to
provide a workplace free of hazards

 The employee has a responsibility to

practice safe work techniques

 It IS a team effort
Be Responsible to…

• Trust your instincts about dangerous situations

• Follow all safety rules
• Wear proper safety equipment
• Ask questions about potentially dangerous
situations or equipment
• Tell your supervisor if you suspect unsafe
conditions
• Work safely
• Be aware of your work environment
• Stay sober and drug free
• Know your workplace rights
• If you only change things (i.e
equipment, working
condition, procedure), but do
not change behaviors, …
people will still get hurt.
What about this…?
NOW
I
BELIEVE
IN

SAFETY &
HEALTH
Thanks for Listening…
No Safety,

KNOW PAIN !
Know Safety,

NO PAIN !
69
 THAT’S ALL
FOLKS !

Thank You All For Your Participation