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    Niacin

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    DR JIJIN J U
    Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, exists in tissues as nicotinamide and enters cells in this form. It is involved in important biochemical reactions as the coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+. NAD+ is involved in oxidation-reduction reactions catalyzed by enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase. NADP+ generates NADPH, which is used in anabolic reactions like fatty acid synthesis. Deficiency of niacin results in pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

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    Niacin

    Uploaded by

    DR JIJIN J U
    15 views34 pages
    Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, exists in tissues as nicotinamide and enters cells in this form. It is involved in important biochemical reactions as the coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+. NAD+ is involved in oxidation-reduction reactions catalyzed by enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase. NADP+ generates NADPH, which is used in anabolic reactions like fatty acid synthesis. Deficiency of niacin results in pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

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    Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, exists in tissues as nicotinamide and enters cells in this form. It is involved in important biochemical reactions as the coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+. NAD+ is involved in oxidation-reduction reactions catalyzed by enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase. NADP+ generates NADPH, which is used in anabolic reactions like fatty acid synthesis. Deficiency of niacin results in pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views34 pages

    Niacin

    Uploaded by

    DR JIJIN J U
    Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, exists in tissues as nicotinamide and enters cells in this form. It is involved in important biochemical reactions as the coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+. NAD+ is involved in oxidation-reduction reactions catalyzed by enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase. NADP+ generates NADPH, which is used in anabolic reactions like fatty acid synthesis. Deficiency of niacin results in pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    NIACIN

    (NICOTINIC ACID)
    Chemistry of Vit B3
    • Chemically is Pyridine -3-carboxylic acid.

    COOH CO-NH2
    3

    1
    N N
    • Forms white needle shaped crystals.
    • Thermostable, Photostable.
    • Soluble in water, glycerol and alcohol.

    • In tissues occurs as amides (nicotinamide).


    • In this form it enters into physiologically active
    combination.
    Biologically active form

    • NAD+ : coenzyme I, cozymase or


    codehydrogenase.
    • The compound contains:
    • 1 molecule of nicotinamide
    • 2 molecules of D-Ribose
    • 2 molecules of phosphoric acid
    • 1 molecule of adenine
    • NADP+ : coenzyme II
    • It contains an additional phosphoric acid.
    NH2 N
    N
    COOH

    N N
    O O N
    o
    O CH2-O-P-O-P-O-H2C

    OH OH

    OH OH
    OH OH
    NH2 N
    N
    CO-NH2

    N N
    O O N
    o
    O CH2-O-P-O-P-O-H2C

    OH OH

    OH OH
    OH OH

    Nicotinamide mononucleotide
    Adenine mononucleotide
    Sources

    • Meat, poultry, fish


    • Whole-grain and
    enriched breads
    and cereals, Dried
    yeast, legumes
    • Nuts
    All protein-
    containing foods

    RDA:Adult-15-20mg
    Infants – 6mg
    Biosynthesis
    • Amino Acid tryptophan is a precursor of nicotinic acid.
    • Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) acts as a coenzyme in this reaction.
    • Tryptophan dietary nicotinic acid
    PRPP

    PPi
    • N-R-P Des amido-NAD+
    Glutamine
    ATP
    ATP PPi
    Glutamic acid

    • NADP+ NAD+
    Biochemical functions
    • The coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+ are involved in oxidation
    reduction reactions.
    • Enzymes belonging to class oxido-reductases are dependent on
    them.
    NAD+ dependent enzymes
    • Lactate dehydrogenase
    • Glyceraldehyde-3-P- dehydrogenase
    • Pyruvate dehydrogenase
    • -keto glutarate dehydrogenase
    • Glutamate dehydrogenase
    • Malate Dehydrogenase
    COOH
    pyruvate
    C=O
    CH3
    LDH
    NADH+H +

    NAD

    COOH Lactate

    H – C - OH
    CH3
    H-C=O
    Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
    H-C-OH

    CH2O.P
    GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-
    NAD+ PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

    NADH+H+

    O= C-O ~ P
    1, 3
    H - C - OH bisphosphoglycerate

    CH2.O.P
    COOH COOH

    CH2 CH2

    HC OH NAD+ NADH+H+ CO

    COOH COOH

    OXALO - ACETATE
    MALATE
    ENZYME: MALATE DEHYDROGENASE
    O = C- COOH CH2-COOH
    Co.A-SH CO2
    CH2 CH2

    NAD+ NADH+H+ CO-S.COA


    CH2-COOH.

    ALPHA KETO - GLUTARATE SUCCINYL CoA.

    ENZYME : ALPHA KETO – GLUTARATE


    DEHYDROGENASE
    NADPH+ generating reactions
    • Glucose –6-phosphate dehydrogenase

    • 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

    • Malic enzyme

    • Cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase


    O

    HO C H C

    C NADP+ NADP+H+ H C OH
    H OH

    H O
    H
    H HO C
    HO C
    O
    H C OH
    H C OH G6PD

    H C
    H C

    CH2-O-P
    CH2-O-P

    6
    Glucose 6 P phosphogluconolactone
    COOH COOH

    C NADP+ NADP+H+ H C OH
    H OH

    H
    H C O
    HO C

    H C OH
    H C OH
    6 Phosphogluconate DH
    H C OH
    H C OH

    CH2-O-P
    CH2-O-P

    6 phosphogluconate 3 keto6 phosphogluconate


    Malic enzyme
    • Malate Pyruvate
    NADPH utilizing reactions
    • Folate DHFA THFA

    • Meth Hb Hb

    • Phenyl alanine Tyrosine

    • HMG COA Mevalonate


    Conversion of Phe. To Tyr.
    NH2
    NADP+ NADPH + H+
    CH2 – CH-COOH
    Tetrahydrobiopterin Dihydrobiopterin
    O2
    NAD+
    Phe.hydroxylase

    H2O Dihydrobiopterin NADH+H+

    HO NH2
    CH2 – CH-COOH
    Pellagra
    • Dermatitis
    • Diarrhea 3 D’s
    • Dementia
    • The disease involves skin , gastrointestinal tract and central nervous
    system.
    Niacin Deficiency
    • Dermititis- reddened, brown, thickened & scaly
    • Dementia -anxiety, irritability, poor memory, insomnia
    • Diarrhea
    • Death
    Dermatitis of Pellegra
    Precipitating factors

    • High corn diet [maize, Jowar ]


    • Drug- INH
    • Diseases – Hartnup disease
    - Carcinoid syndrome
    -Vitamin B6 deficiency
    -Infections
    Therapeutic uses

    • In high doses – Reduce Lipoprotein a


    Management
    • Nicotinamide – 100mg every 6 hours

    • Nutritious diet, high in protein

    • Vitamin B complex, Fe, Folic acid

    • Alcohol avoided

    • Infection treatment
    THANK YOU

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