Er.

J SURESHKRISHNAN BE,DFS
 Education is the best friend. An educated
person is respected everywhere. Education
beats the beauty and the youth.

Chanakya
 IS Code used

• IS 456 – For Plain and Reinforced Concrete

• IS 875 – Part 1- Dead load
• IS 875 – Part 2- Imposed Load
• IS 875 – Part 3- Wind Load
 METHODOLOGY

Collection of data Planning (NBC)

Analysis (Bending
Drawing(Autocad)
moment,Shear force)

•Slab
• Beam
Designing • Column
• Footing
• Staircase
PLAN
Ground floor plan
First,Second,Third floor plan
FOURTH FLOOR PLAN
Column layout
ELEVATION
ANALYSIS IN STAAD PRO
STAAD PRO DIAGRAM
3D rendering from Staad Pro
Load acting on building
Dead load:
Live load
Wind load on X-direction
Wind load On Z-direction
Analysis
Concrete design - Beam
Concrete design- Column
HIGHLIGHTED COLUMN IS MANUALLY DESIGNED
HIGHLIGHTED BEAM IS MANUALLY DESIGNED
 Manual Calculation
DESIGN OF SLAB
DATA:
Length of longer span, Ly = 6.6 m
Length of shorter span, Lx = 3.6 m
fck = 25 N/mm2
fy = 415 N/mm2
Live load = 4 kN/m2
Thickness = 125 mm
Ly/Lx = 1.8<2
Hence the slab is designed as two way slab.
Effective span of slab
Effective span= clear span + Effective depth=3.6+0.105 = 3.705m
L effective= 3.705m
• Load Calculation
Longer Span Co-efficient
Weight = b x D x Unit weigh of concrete Negative Moment Co-efficient=0.037
Positive Moment Co-efficient=0.028
= 1 x 0.125 x 25 = 3.125kN /m
• Total load = L. L+ selfweight + Finish Short Span Negative Moment
=0.065x 12.19x3.712
= 4 + 3.125+ 1 = 8.125kN / m = 10.91kNm
Short span Positive Moment
Wu = 8.125 x 1.5 = 12.1875kN /m = 0.049 x 12.91 x3.712
Bending Moment & shear Force =8.22kNm
Long span Negative Moment
From table IS-456 =0.037 × 12.19 x3.712
= 6.208KNm
Mx= x x W x lx2 Long span Positive Moment
=0.028 × 14.0625 x5.6552
My= y x W x lx2
=4.69kNm

Shear force
Short Span Co-efficient Vu =W x L/ 2
=12.19x3.71/2
Negative Moment Co-efficient=0.065
= 22.612kN
Positive Moment Co-efficient=0.049
Reinforcement Details
Spacing of bar = 78.5/302.2 x1000
For shorter span Negative Moment = 259 mm
Mu limit =0.138 x fck x b x d2 Provide Main Bar10mm dia@ 300 mm c/c spacing
=0.138 x 25 x1000 x 1052 For shorter span positive moment
=38.03kNm 8.22 x106 =0.87 x 415 x Ast x 105(1- Ast
x415/1000x105x25)
Mu< Mu limit Ast =224mm²
Section is Under reinforced.
Spacing of bar = 78.5 /224 x1000 =350 mm

For shorter span Negative Moment Provide main Bar 10 mm dia @300 mm c/c spacing
Mu =-0.87 x fy x Ast x d (1- Ast x fy
x/bdxfck)
Mu limit = 0.138 x fck x b x d2
10.91 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 105(1 -Ast =0.138 x 25 x 1000 × 952 =31.13kNm
x415/ 1000x105X 25)
Ast =302.2 mm2
Mu< Mu limit
• Check for shear
Section is Under reinforced. v<kx c
Nominal shear (IS 456 page no :72)
For Longer span Negative Moment v=v/bxd
6.20 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 95 (1-Ast =22.58x103/1000x105
x415 /1000 x 95 x25) =0.215 N/mm²
Ast =186mm2
spacing of bar = 78.5 /186 x 1000
Permissible shear
=422mm
Pt =100x Ast/bd =100x261.76/1000x155=0.25%
Provide Main Bar10mm @ 300mm c/c spacing
c=0.36 N/mm2 from table 19 of IS 456
c=1.3
For Longer span Positive Moment k x c =0.36 x 1.3
4.69 x 106 = 34.29 x 103 Ast -5.99Ast2 =0.468 N/mm2
Ast = 140mm2 v<kx c
Spacing of bar Hence it is safe
= 78 . 5/140 x 1000
=560 mm
Provide Main Bar 10mm dia @ 300mm c/c Spacing:
Check for deflections
% of Ast =0.25%
Fs =0.58 x fy x( Ast req / Ast pro)
= 0.58 x 415 x (302.2/261.76)
=277.88
Span/d =BV x MF
3705/d =20 x 2
d =92.62 mm

d provided>d required
The design is safe against deflections.
Two way slab reinforcement details
 Design of Beam

DATA:-
•Effective span = 6.23 m
•Size of beam = 350 x 450 mm
•Overall depth, D = 450 mm
•Effective depth(d) = 450-25-16/2
= 417 mm
•Moment (From STAAD Pro) = 250.48 kNm
Bending Moment & Shear Force

From staad pro

Bending Moment Mu =250KNm
Shear force Vu=207.66kN
 ASC = 32x 106 /348.6(425-25)
Check for Mu & Mu limit
= 181.44 mm2
Considering 12 mm bar,
Mu limit = 0.138 x fck x b x d² =0.138x 25x350x4252 No of bar = 181.44/(/4 x 122 ) = 2
= 218KNm Provide 2 bars of 12mm dia at bottom.
Mu > Mu limit Section is reinforced as double Area of Reinforcement @ Tension
Area of Reinforcement @ Compression Ast =Ast1+Ast2
Ast1 =0.36 x fck x b x Xu /0.87 x fy
ASC =MU2/fsc (d-dl ) = (0.36x 25 x350 x204)/(0.87 x415)
MU2 =MU -MU Limit = 1779.8mm2
= 250-218 Ast2 =ASC x FSC /0.87xfy
Mu2 = 32kNm = 181.44 x 348.6/0.87x415
Esc=0.0025 =173mm2
From figure:23A (page: 70) Ast =1779.8+173
Fsc=0.84 fy =1952.8mm2
Fsc =0.84 x 415=348.6 N/mm2 No of bar = 1952.8 /314 =6
Provide 6 bars of 12mm dia at top
Check for shear and Design of shear Spacing
reinforcement

Nominal shear Sv=0.87x fy x Ast x d/vus from cl. 40.4 of IS 456

v=v/bxd Vus= 207.66x103- 0.714x350x425
=207.66 x103/350x425 =101393N
=1.396N/mm²
Sv = 0.87x415 x (2x/4 x8²) x 425/101393
= 0.87x415 x100.53 X425 /101393
Permissible shear
Pt = 100 x Ast/bd
=100x1952.8/350x425=1.31% Sv=152.14250mm or 0.75 d = 0.75x425 =318 mm

=0.714 N/mm2 from table 19 of IS 456

Adopt Spacing 250mm c/c
Shear reinforcement is required Provide 8 mm-dia-2-legged Strippus @ 250mm c/c.
Provide 2-legged 8mm stittups
Beam reinforcement details
 DESIGN OF COLUMN(AXIAL LOADED)

DATA:
•Size of column = 450x450mm
•Axial load (From STAAD Pro) = 2254.8 kN
•Length = 4200 mm
•fck = 25 N/mm²

•fy = 415 N/mm²

LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT:
Pu =[0.4fck x Ag +(0.6fy-0.4fck)Asc]
2254.8x10^3 =1600000+268.05Asc
Asc =2403.1mm2
Provide 12 bars of 16mm diameter bars
=2412 mm²
Total Asc =2412 > 2403.1mm2
The area of reinforcement provided is greater than minimum steel requirement of 0.8%
=(0.008 x400x 400)=1280 mm2
LATERAL TIES:
Tie diameter < (1/4 x d)=(1/4 x 16) =4mm
Provide 8mm diameter ties
Tie spacing =300mm.
16x d= 16 x 16 = 256mm
Provide 8mm @ 200mm c/c
 LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT:
Uniaxial column
d'/D = 0.1
Pu/fckbD = 0.36
Length of column L = 3000 mm
Mu/fckbD2 = 0.105
Lateral dimensions b = 350 mm
From chart 44,
D = 350 mm
P/fck = 0.08
Cover d' = 40 mm
P = 0.08 x 25
Concrete grade fck = 25 N/mm2
P = 2%
Steel grade fy = 415 N/mm2
As = 2 /100 x 350 x 350
Axial load Pu = 1107.46 kN
Bending moment = 2450 mm2

Muz = 113.6 kNm As per SP 16, Provide 12 Nos. of 16 mm dia rod

Effective length l = 2550 mm

LATERAL TIES:
Tie diameter < (1/4 x d)=(1/4 x 16) =4mm
Provide 8mm diameter ties
Tie spacing =300mm.
16x d= 16 x 16 = 256mm
Provide 8mm @ 200mm c/
COLUMN REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
 DESIGN OF FOOTING
Maximum design axial load = 2254.87 KN
Design bending moment Mz =31.43 KNm
Mx = 7.13 KNm
Concrete mix = M25
Characteristic strength of reinforcement = 415 N/mm2
Size of column = 450 mm × 450 mm
Safe bearing capacity of soil =300 KN/m2(Assumed)
Area required = 1.1 Pu / SBC
= 8.26 m2
Providing square footing;
Dimension = 2.87 m
Taking 3 m.
 Bending moment at the face of the column,
= 250.43 x (1.3 x 3 x 1.3/2) +
0.4x 1.3 x 2.09 x 3 x 2/3x 1.3
Pmax = P/A + Mx/z + Mz/z
= 637.66 kNm Be = 400 + (3000-400)/8
= 1.1 x 2254.8/(3x3) + 7.13/(3x (32)/2)
= 725 mm
+ 23.69 /(3x (32)/2)
= 252.53KN /m2 < S.B.C Hence, safe. Mu = 0.134fcxbd2
637.66 x 106 = 2428x75d2
Pmin = P/A - Mx/z - Mz/z
D = 512.39 mm
= 1.1 x 2254.8/(3x3) - 7.13/(3x (32)/2)
- 23.69 /(3x (32)/2) Taking d as 600 mm
= 247.76KN /m2 Taking clear cover as 50 mm
The critical section for bending is at face of the De = 600 - 50 - 20/2
column.
= 540 mm
Pressure at critical section
Mu / Be = 637.66 / 0.725
= 247.76 + (3 -0.4)/2 + 0.4 /3 x (22.53
- 247.76) = 879.53
= 250.43 kN / (m2) From Sp 16,
Ast = 25.92 cm2
Taking 20 diameter bars of 130mm spacing
One way shear:
For one way shear critical section is located at a
distance d from face of the column,
Vx= wu x ( – d)
= 251.81x2( -0.45)
Vx = 23.56kN
Nominal shear strength = = 0.355 N/mm2
From table 19 k is taken as 0.28,
Permissible shear strength=1 x 0.0.90 > 0.355
∴Hence it is safe for one way shear
Two way shear:
The critical distance is at distance ‘d/2’ from Permissible shear stress=ksτc
the face of the column,
Ks=0.57βc
D = 540 mm
βc= 400/400 =1
Perimeter of resisting section = 2((bc + d/2 +
d/2 ) + (dc + d/2 + d/2)) Ks =0.5 + 1
Pr =3760 mm = 1.5 > 1
Area of resisting section = Pr x d Ks = 1
= 2030400 mm2 τc =
Area of tributary section = (Lf x Bf) - ((bc + =1.25
d/2 + d/2 )x(dc + d/2 + d/2)) τv = 1.25 N/mm2
= 8.11 Nominal shear strength<Permissible shear strength
Punching shear = 251.81 x 8.11
=2043 kN
Maximum shear stress = 2043 x 103/
2030400
= 1.006 N/ mm2
FOOTING REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
Effective depth= Span/B.VXM.F
DATA:
Assumed Modification Factor: 1.2
Height of floor = 3000mm
Height of First flight = 9×140 Effective depth = 4000 / (20×1.2) = 166mm
= 1260mm Using 20mm Clear Cover & 10 mm dia bar
Rise = 140mm
Overall Depth D =d+ Clear Cover Phi / 2
Tread= 300 mm No of rises required=9 Nos.
No of tread required = 8 Nos. Overall Depth D= 166+20+ 10/2=191 mm
Effective span= (8×300) + 1370 + 230
Overall Depth D= 200 mm
= 4000mm
As per IS: 456-2000 Clause-22.1.a
(Span/ eff depth) = 20
 DISTRIBUTION STEEL
LOAD CALCULATION
Mu=0.87×Fy×Ast×d× Min % steel=0.12% ×b×d= (0.12/100) x 1000× 200
[1-(Ast×Fy)/(Fck×b×d)] = 240 mm²
28.00×106=0.87\×415-Ast×175× [1- Use 8 mm dia bar
(Ast×415)/(20×1000×175)]
Spacing=(ast/Ast)x 1000
28.00×106=63183.75Ast-7.49Ast²
7.49 Ast2-63183.75Ast+28.30×106=0 Spacing= [(3.14*8^2)/4]/150 x 1000 = 209.00 mm

Ast=475 mm² Provide 8mm dia bars at 175 mm c/c

Provide 10 mm dia bar
No of bar Required= (Ast/ast)
Spacing=[475/(𝜋×102)/4] = 6.04 mm
(Provide 7 Nos. 10 mm diabar)
CHECK FOR STIFFNESS CHECK FOR SHEAR
Basic Value for Simply Supported Slab =20
Factored shear force vu = WL2 / 2 = (14 * 4) / 2
Stress in steel Fs= 0.58×Fy× (Ast req /Ast pro ) = 28kN

Stress in steel Fs=0.58x415×(475/7x78.50)= 𝜏 v=vu/bd=28.00x102/1000×175= 0.16N / mm2

217N/mm2
From IS 456-2000-table-19
Pt.
provided=(7x78.50)/(1000×175)×100=0.31% Minimum Value of Permissible Shear Stress
From fig 4 in IS 456-2000 𝜏c= 0.31N/mm2

Modification factor=1.60 for M25 Concrete

Effective Depth for Stiffness 𝑣 = 0.16N/mm2 < 𝜏c= 0.31N/mm2

=4000/(20×1.60) =125mm d req =125 Hence safe in shear

mm<d pro =175mm

Hence safe
STAIRCASE REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
 RENDERING BY SKETCHUP
ELEVATION
ISOMETRIC VIEW
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