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Lecture 9 - Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

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19 views22 pages

Lecture 9 - Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

Uploaded by

Diệp Trần
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mobile and

Ubiquitous Computing
http://fit.hanu.vn
Lecturer: Mr. Nguyen Tat Ha Son
Course: [DSY]Distributed System
Objectives
 Introduce the volatility of mobile and
ubiquitous systems
 Software components associate and
interoperate with one another
 Systems integrated with physical world
through sensing and context awareness
 Security and privacy issues
 Techniques for adapting to small devices
Main Content

 Concepts and definitions


 Association
 Sensing and context awareness
 Security and privacy
 Adaption
 A case-study: Cooltown (Tutorial)
Concepts &
Definition
Mobile & ubiquitous computing

 Mobile and handheld computing


 Carrying personal devices and retaining
connectivities to others.
 Personal computer vs. “fit-in-hand”
devices
 Problems:
• Continuous connectivity
• Communication without infrastructure
 Ubiquitous computing
 ‘Ubiquitous’ means ‘to be found
everywhere’
 Idea of “One person – Many computer”
Mobile & ubiquitous computing

 Wareable computing with specialized


functionality
 Operate without the user having to
manipulate them
 Context-aware computing
Volatile system

 Volatile system (Changing easily)


 Highly dynamic and changes
unpredictably (both Soft. And Hard.)
 Relevant forms of volatility include
• failures of devices and communication links;
• changes in the characteristics of
communication (bandwith for instance)
• creation and destruction of associations
 Smart space
 any physicalplace with embedded
services
 physical mobility vs. logical mobility
Volatile system

 Device model
 Limited energy
 Resource constraints
 Sensors and actuators
 Volatile connectivity
 Disconnection:
 Variable bandwidth and latency
 Spontaneous interoperation
 Lowered trust and privacy
Association
Association
 Volatile components need to interoperate
– preferably without user intervention
 Network bootstrapping:
• communication takes place over a local network
• device must first acquire an address on the local
network
 Association
• associate to services in the smart space
• provide services to components
Association
 Discovery services
 Clients find out about the services provided in
a smart space using a discovery service
 Design issues
• Low-effort, appropriate association
• Service description and query language
• Smart-space-specific discovery
• Directory implementation
• Service volatility
Association
 Physical association
 Human input to scope discovery
 Sensing and physically constrained channels
to scope discovery
 Direct association
• Address-sensing
• Physical stimulus
• Temporal or physical correlation
Sensing & context
awareness
Sensing & context awareness

 The context of a entity is an aspect of its


physical circumstances of relevance to system
behavior.
 A contextual value begins with sensors, which
are combinations of hardware and/or software
used to measure contextual values:
 Location, velocity and orientation sensors
 Ambient condition sensors
 Presence sensor
 All sensors produce values with some degree
of error
Sensing & context awareness

 Sensing architecture design challenges


 Integration of idiosyncratic sensors
 Abstracting from sensor data
 Sensor outputs may need to be combined
 Context is dynamic
 Wireless sensor networks
 a (typically large) number of small, low-cost devices
or nodes, each with facilities for sensing, computing
and wireless communication
 Location sensing
 designed to obtain data about the position of entities
Sensing & context awareness
Security & Privacy
Security & Privacy

 Hardware-related issues
 Portable devices can be more easily stolen
 Devices do not have sufficient computing resources asymmetric
cryptography
 Low energy
 Disconnected operation
 New types of resource-sharing require new security
designs. For example,
 Admin of smart spaces sending slides in a meeting room
 Employees exchange documents between mobiles and
portable devices
 Wireless heart-rate monitoring associated to clinic data-logging
service
 None is quite like the resource-sharing patterns normally
encountered within firewall-protected intranets or Internet
Security & Privacy

 Some solutions
 Secure spontaneous device association
• create a secure channel between two devices by
securely exchanging a session key between those
two devices and using it to encrypt their
communication
 Location-based authentication
• base access control on the location of the
services’ clients, rather than their identity
 Privacy protection
• Safeguard for previous solutions
Adaption
Adaption

 Context-aware adaptation of content


 Send the same content & render the content appropriately for
needs and limitations
 Adapt the original data programmatically into a suitable form of
rendering devices
 Adapting to changing system resources
 OS support for adaptation to volatile resources
• For applications to request and obtain resource reservations
• Notify the user of changed levels of resource availability
• For the OS to notify the application of changing resource
conditions, and for the application to adapt according to its
particular needs.
 Taking advantage of smart space resources
• Offloading some processing load to computer server
• Dividing up the application

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