Sound and Its Properties

Lesson 9.
Sound and Its Properties

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Learning Competency
At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning

competency should be met by the students.
Describe the characteristics of sound using the

concepts of wavelength, velocity, and amplitude (S7LT-
IIId-7).
Learning Objective
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

describe the characteristics of a sound using the
concepts of wavelength, velocity, and amplitude.
Sound is essential
in the lives of
animals and
humans. In
humans, sound is
necessary to
express ideas and
feeling in the form
of speech and
music.
We hear sound
once a disturbance
or vibration travel
through a medium
like air. Eventually,
our brain will
process those
sound waves that
enter our ears.
Sound is not limited to music and entertainment. It has
characteristics and properties that will help us to understand
it more.
In this lesson, you will learn about sound and its properties.
Try it!
Warm-Up
Slinky Sound
Observe the wavelength, speed,
and amplitude of the sound
using a slinky toy.
Learn about It
Sound Wave as a Longitudinal Wave
Sound wave is a longitudinal wave produced by

vibrations in an object. It travels parallel to the motion of
the particle.
Learn about It
Sound Wave as a Mechanical Wave
Sound waves are also mechanical waves. They need a

medium such as solids, liquids, or gases to propagate.
A medium is composed of particles which move or vibrate

when energy passes through them.
Learn about It
Sound wave is a sinusoidal wave. It shows alternating regions

of compression and rarefaction.
Regions of compression and rarefactions

Learn about It
● The crests are the highest points where the sound wave has
compressions.
● In contrast, the troughs are the lowest points representing
the rarefaction regions.
Learn about It
● The amplitude (A) is the maximum distance between the

equilibrium position and the crest or trough of a wave.
● In contrast, frequency (f) quantifies the number of
vibrations a wave creates at a given time.
Learn about It
The vibration of a tuning fork produces alternating regions of

compression and rarefaction.
Learn about It
The Speed of Sound Waves in Different Materials
● Sound travels faster and better in solids than in liquid

and air.
● It is because the transmission of sound depends on the
object’s elasticity.
Learn about It
Elasticity is the ability of an object to change its shape once

a force is applied and can go back to its original shape and
size once the force is removed.
Learn about It
The Speed of Sound in Different Media

Medium Speed (m/s)
Air (0°) 331
Air (20°) 343
Helium (0°) 972
Water (25°) 1 493
Seawater (25°) 1 533
Copper (25°) 3 560
Learn about It
The speed of sound refers to the distance covered by a

point in a wave per unit of time. It has a unit of meters
per second (m/s).
Learn about It
Formula:
distance
speed of
sound
time interval
Learn about It
The speed of sound waves can also be calculated using its

wavelength and frequency.
wavelength
speed of
sound
frequency
Learn about It
The speed of sound is also affected by the wind,

temperature, and humidity in the air.
Tips
In solving unknown quantities, remember to do the

following:
● Check for the consistency of units.

● Isolate the unknown quantity on one side of the
equation before substituting the given values.
Try It!
Find the speed of a sound wave that has a

wavelength of 0.08 m and a frequency of 9 Hz.
Try It! (Answer)
Find the speed of a sound wave that has a

wavelength of 0.08 m and a frequency of 9 Hz.
0.72 m/s
Try It!
Find the wavelength of a longitudinal wave

traveling with a speed of 0.85 m/s and a
frequency of 6 Hz.
Try It! (Answer)
Find the wavelength of a longitudinal wave

traveling with a speed of 0.85 m/s and a
frequency of 6 Hz.
0.14 m
Try It!
Find the wavelength of a wave that travels a

distance of 4.8 meters in 5 seconds with a
frequency of 6 Hz.
Try It! (Answer)
Find the wavelength of a wave that travels a

distance of 4.8 meters in 5 seconds with a
frequency of 6 Hz.
0.16 m
Learn about It
Pitch and Frequency
The pitch of a sound is determined by the frequency of

the vibration.
Learn about It
● High-pitch sound corresponds

to a high-frequency sound
wave.
● On the contrary, low-pitch
sound corresponds to a low-
frequency sound wave.
Pitch is direction proportional
to the frequency of the wave.
Learn about It
For stringed instruments,

tuning is produced by
changing the tightness of the
strings.
Stringed instruments
Learn about It
One can change the frequency by varying the

length of the string through a technique called
stopping.
Learn about It
Wind instruments produce

different pitches by adjusting
the length of the air column
inside.
Wind instruments
Learn about It
Resonance may exist when the frequency of the sound

source matches the natural frequency of a receiver.
Learn about It
Doppler effect may occur when there is relative motion of

the source and the observer along the line connecting
them.
Learn about It
Amplitude and Intensity
Amplitude refers to the pressure variations in a wave. It is

equivalent to the intensity of the sound.
Learn about It

● Intensity is directly proportional to the square of the
wave amplitude.
● However, it is inversely proportional to the square of the
distance from the source of the sound.
Learn about It
Intensity is different from loudness. Loudness is the sound

perceived by the human ear.
Learn about It
Source of Sound Intensity Sound Level (dB)

(W/m2)
Jet engine, 30 m away 102 140

Common Air-raid siren, nearby 1 120
Sources of Music, amplified 10-1 115
Sounds and Heavy traffic 10-5 70
Casual conversation 10-6 60

their Quiet radio in home 10-8 40
Intensities Whisper 10-10 20
Rustle of leaves 10-11 10
Threshold of hearing 10-12 0

Learn about It
Quality of Sound
Each sound produced by several instruments has

different quality or timbre.
Learn about It
Quality of Sound
● The pitch of the note is determined by the lowest

frequency called the fundamental frequency.
● A harmonic frequency is the regular and repeating
pattern of the fundamental frequency.
Learn about It
(A) Waveform produced by a flute;

(B) Harmonics of the waveform generated by a flute
Key Points
● Sound waves are longitudinal waves. It is a wave where the motion of the
particles in the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels.
○ Compression is the closely spaced parts of the longitudinal wave.
○ Rarefaction is the stretched parts of the longitudinal wave.
● Sound waves are mechanical waves that require a medium to transfer energy
from one place to another.
● Sound travels fastest and best in solids, followed by liquids, and lastly in gases.
● Sound waves can be represented by a sinusoidal wave making it possible to
describe its pitch, intensity, and quality.
Key Points
● The amplitude (A) refers to the maximum distance between the equilibrium
position and the crest or trough of a wave. It is expressed in meters (m).
● The frequency (f) quantifies the number of vibrations a wave creates at a given
time. It is measured in hertz (Hz), which is also equivalent to 1/s.
Key Points
● The speed of sound refers to the distance covered by a point in a wave per unit
time. Its unit is meters per second (m/s).
○ The relationship between the distance covered by the sound wave and the
time interval is shown in this equation:
○ The relationship between wavelength, frequency and wave speed is shown
in this equation:
○ The speed of sound is also affected by the wind, temperature, and humidity
in the air. Their relationship is shown in this equation:
Check Your Understanding
A. Fill in the missing word/phrase in each statement below.
1. The crests in a sinusoidal wave represent the ___________ in a

sound wave.
2. _______________ is determined by the frequency of the sound
wave.
3. _______________ describes the characteristic of sound to be
distinguished by the ears even if the sounds produced have
the same pitch and loudness.
Check Your Understanding
B. Choose the correct word inside the parentheses to

complete each sentence.
1. (Rarefaction ; Compression) is the stretched parts of the

longitudinal wave.
2. Sound waves travel the fastest in (solids ; liquids).
Photo Credits
Slide 33. Yamaha Saxophone YTS-62 by Yamaha Corporation is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via
Wikimedia Commons; Yamaha Clarinet YCL-457II-22 (rotated) by Yamaha Corporation; rotation by —
Chris Woodrich is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons.
Bibliography
“Applications of Sound Waves: Sonar and Ultrasound Imaging.” AK Lectures. Accessed September 21,
2021.
https://aklectures.com/lecture/doppler-effect-and-applications/applications-of-sound-waves-sonar-a
nd-ultrasound-medical-imaging
.
Faughn, Jerry S. and Raymond A. Serway. Serway’s College Physics, 7th Edition. Singapore: Brooks/Cole,
2006.
Giancoli, Douglas C. Physics: Principles with Applications. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1985.
Hewitt, Paul G. Conceptual Physics, 9th Edition. Singapore: Pearson Education, 2002.
Bibliography
“Sound Waves and Music.” The Physics Classroom. Accessed October 18, 2017.
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound.
University of Colorado at Boulder. Physics for Fun: Sound Unit. Colorado: Sopris West, Inc., 1993.
Young, Hugh D, et al. University Physics, 12th Edition. Singapore: Pearson Education, 2009.
Zitzewitz, Paul W, et al. Physics: Principles and Problems. United States: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2013.

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Lesson 9.

Sound and Its Properties

Make a copy and edit Download an offline

At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning

Describe the characteristics of sound using the

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

Sound Wave as a Longitudinal Wave

Sound wave is a longitudinal wave produced by

Sound Wave as a Mechanical Wave

Sound waves are also mechanical waves. They need a

A medium is composed of particles which move or vibrate

Sound wave is a sinusoidal wave. It shows alternating regions

Regions of compression and rarefactions

● The amplitude (A) is the maximum distance between the

The vibration of a tuning fork produces alternating regions of

The Speed of Sound Waves in Different Materials

● Sound travels faster and better in solids than in liquid

Elasticity is the ability of an object to change its shape once

The Speed of Sound in Different Media

The speed of sound refers to the distance covered by a

The speed of sound waves can also be calculated using its

The speed of sound is also affected by the wind,

In solving unknown quantities, remember to do the

● Check for the consistency of units.

Find the speed of a sound wave that has a

Find the speed of a sound wave that has a

Find the wavelength of a longitudinal wave

Find the wavelength of a longitudinal wave

Find the wavelength of a wave that travels a

Find the wavelength of a wave that travels a

Pitch and Frequency

The pitch of a sound is determined by the frequency of

● High-pitch sound corresponds

For stringed instruments,

One can change the frequency by varying the

Wind instruments produce

Resonance may exist when the frequency of the sound

Doppler effect may occur when there is relative motion of

Amplitude and Intensity

Amplitude refers to the pressure variations in a wave. It is

Amplitude and Intensity

Amplitude and Intensity

Intensity is different from loudness. Loudness is the sound

Source of Sound Intensity Sound Level (dB)

Jet engine, 30 m away 102 140

Sources of Music, amplified 10-1 115

Sounds and Heavy traffic 10-5 70

Casual conversation 10-6 60

Rustle of leaves 10-11 10

Threshold of hearing 10-12 0

Each sound produced by several instruments has

● The pitch of the note is determined by the lowest

(A) Waveform produced by a flute;

A. Fill in the missing word/phrase in each statement below.

1. The crests in a sinusoidal wave represent the ___________ in a

B. Choose the correct word inside the parentheses to

1. (Rarefaction ; Compression) is the stretched parts of the

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