First day of Program in c+

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 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 cout << "Hello World!" ;  Hello World!
 return 0;
 }
Example explained

Line 1: #include <iostream> is a header file library that lets us work with
input and output objects, such as cout (used in line 5). Header files add
functionality to C++ programs.
Line 2: using namespace std means that we can use names for objects and
variables from the standard library.
Don't worry if you don't understand how #include <iostream> and using
namespace std works. Just think of it as something that (almost) always
appears in your program.
Line 3: A blank line. C++ ignores white space. But we use it to make the
code more readable.
Line 4: Another thing that always appear in a C++ program, is int main().
This is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be
executed.
Example explained

Line 5: cout (pronounced "see-out") is an object used together with

the insertion operator (<<) to output/print text. In our example it will output
"Hello World!".
Note: Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ;.
Note: The body of int main() could also been written as:
int main () { cout << "Hello World! "; return 0; }
Remember: The compiler ignores white spaces. However, multiple lines
makes the code more readable.
Line 6: return 0 ends the main function.
Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to actually end the
main function.
Example explained

This example uses a single-line comment before a line of code:

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 // This is a comment
 cout << "Hello World!";
 return 0;
 }
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std; “ = means you declaring
TEXT
 int main() { endl = means end of the
 cout << "Hello World!" ; line.
 return 0;
No << endl only ; = it
 } will not go down to the next
line
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 Hello World! Hello World!
 cout << "Hello World!";
 cout << "Hello World!";
 return 0;
 }
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {  Hello World!

 cout << "Hello World!" << endl;  Hello World!
 cout << "Hello World!“;
 return 0;
 }
Example explained

 The cout object, together with the << operator, is used to output vales/print
text:
 You can add as many cout objects as you want. However, note that it does
not insert a new line at the end of the output:

Single-line Comments
Single-line comments start with two forward slashes (//).
Any text between // and the end of the line is ignored by the compiler (will
not be executed).
This example uses a single-line comment before a line of code:
C++ Multi-line Comments
Multi-line comments start with /* and ends with */.
Any text between /* and */ will be ignored by the compiler:

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 /* The code below will print the words Hello World!
 to the screen, and it is amazing */
 cout << "Hello World!";
 return 0;
 }
Example explained

This example uses a single-line comment before a line of code:

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 // This is a comment
 cout << "Hello World!";
 return 0;
 }
 Type Typical Bit Width Typical Range

char 1byte -127 to 127 or 0 to 255

unsigned char 1byte 0 to 255

signed char 1byte -127 to 127

int 4bytes -2147483648 to 2147483647

The following
unsigned int 4bytes 0 to 4294967295 table shows the
signed int 4bytes -2147483648 to 2147483647 variable type,
how much
short int 2bytes -32768 to 32767
memory it takes
unsigned short int 2bytes 0 to 65,535
to store the
signed short int 2bytes -32768 to 32767
value in
long int 8bytes -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807 memory, and
what is
signed long int 8bytes same as long int
maximum and
unsigned long int 8bytes 0 to 18446744073709551615
minimum value
which can be
long long int 8bytes -(2^63) to (2^63)-1 stored in such
unsigned long long int 8bytes 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615
type of
variables.
float 4bytes

double 8bytes

long double 12bytes

wchar_t 2 or 4 bytes 1 wide character

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 cout << "Size of char : " << sizeof(char) << endl;  Size of char : 1
 cout << "Size of int : " << sizeof(int) << endl;  Size of int : 4
 cout << "Size of short int : " << sizeof(short int) <<  Size of short int : 2
endl;
 cout << "Size of long int : " << sizeof(long int) <<  Size of long int : 4
endl;
 Size of float : 4
 cout << "Size of float : " << sizeof(float) << endl;
 Size of double : 8
 cout << "Size of double : " << sizeof(double) << endl;
 cout << "Size of wchar_t : " << sizeof(wchar_t) <<  Size of wchar_t : 4
endl;


 return 0;
 }
  Int Min -2147483648
 #include <iostream>
 Int Max 2147483647
 #include <limits>
 Unsigned Int Min 0
 using namespace std;
 Unsigned Int Max 4294967295

  Long Int Min -9223372036854775808

int main() {
 Long Int Max 9223372036854775807

 std::cout << "Int Min " << std::numeric_limits<int>::min() << endl;  Unsigned Long Int Min 0

 std::cout << "Int Max " << std::numeric_limits<int>::max() << endl;  Unsigned Long Int Max 18446744073709551615

 std::cout << "Unsigned Int Min " << std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::min() << endl;
 std::cout << "Unsigned Int Max " << std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::max() << endl;
 std::cout << "Long Int Min " << std::numeric_limits<long int>::min() << endl;
 std::cout << "Long Int Max " << std::numeric_limits<long int>::max() << endl;

 std::cout << "Unsigned Long Int Min " << std::numeric_limits<unsigned long int>::min() <<endl;
 std::cout << "Unsigned Long Int Max " << std::numeric_limits<unsigned long int>::max() << endl;

 }
Variables
Assigning data in variables
Printing out variables
Variables data type
Input values to variables
Make a one function calculator
C++ Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.
In C++, there are different types of variables (defined with different keywords), for example:

•int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -123

•double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99

•char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are surrounded by single quotes

•string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values are surrounded by double quotes

•bool - stores values with two states: true or false

 Declaring (Creating) Variables

 To create a variable, specify the type and assign it a value:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int myNum = 15;
cout << myNum;
return 0;
}
C++ Variables
Note that if you assign a new value to an existing variable, it
will overwrite the previous value:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int myNum = 15; // Now myNum is 15
myNum = 10; // Now myNum is 10
cout << myNum;
return 0;
}
C++ Variables
Note that if you assign a new value to an existing variable, it
will overwrite the previous value:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int x = 5, y = 6, z = 50;
cout << x + y + z;
return 0;
}
Variables = in math what so ever assign in X that is
variables
 = in Programming Variables are use to store up
some kind of data for later use. To understand this we will
apply this to our c++ program.
 Keep in my always to start your code in between “int main to the last }”

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 string x = “Welcome to ZPPSU”;  Welcome to ZPPSU
 cout << x;
 return 0;
 }

 Did you guess what might be the printout?

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 cout << “Nicolas is a programmer!" << endl;
 cout << “Elderick is a programmer!" << endl;
 cout << “Nicolas and Elderick are partners!" << endl;
 return 0;
 }
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 String nameOne = “Nicolas”;
 String nameTwo = “Elderick”;
 String occupation = “Programmer”;

 cout << nameOne << “ is a “ << occupation! << endl;

 cout << nameTwo << “ is a “ << occupation!" << endl;
 cout << nameOne << “ and “ << nameTwo << “ are partners! " << endl;
 return 0;
 }
 Nicolas is a programmer!
 Elderick is a programmer!
 Nicolas and Elderick are partners!
C++ Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.
In C++, there are different types of variables (defined with
different keywords), for example:
•int - stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals,
such as 123 or -123
•double - stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such
as 19.99 or -19.99
•char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char
values are surrounded by single quotes
•string - stores text, such as "Hello World". String values are
surrounded by double quotes
•bool - stores values with two states: true or false
C++ Variables
int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number without decimals)
double myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number (with
decimals)
char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
string myText = "Hello"; // String (text)
bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean (true or false)
C++ Variables
int myNum = 5; // Integer (whole number without decimals)
double myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number (with
decimals)
char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
string myText = "Hello"; // String (text)
bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean (true or false)
One Value to Multiple Variables
 You can also assign the same value to multiple variables in one line:

 include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 int x, y, z;
 x = y = z = 50;
 cout << x + y + z;
 return 0;
 }
Local variable declaration
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;


 int main () {
 // Local variable declaration:
 int a, b;
 int c;


 // actual initialization
 a = 10;
 b = 20;
 c = a + b;


 cout << c;


 return 0;

Global variable declaration
 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;


 // Global variable declaration:

 int g;


 int main () {
 // Local variable declaration:
 int a, b;


 // actual initialization
 a = 10;
 b = 20;
 g = a + b;


 cout << g;


 return 0;
A program can have same name for local and global variables but value of local variable
inside a function will take preference. For example

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;


 // Global variable declaration:

 int g = 20;


 int main () {
 // Local variable declaration:
 int g = 10;


 cout << g;


 return 0;
 }
The general rules for naming variables
are:
•Names can contain letters, digits and underscores
•Names must begin with a letter or an underscore (_)
•Names are case sensitive (myVar and myvar are
different variables)
•Names cannot contain whitespaces or special
characters like !, #, %, etc.
•Reserved words (like C++ keywords, such as int)
cannot be used as names
C++ Identifiers
 All C++ variables must be identified with unique names.
 These unique names are called identifiers.
 Identifiers
can be short names (like x and y) or more descriptive
names (age, sum, totalVolume).
 Note: It is recommended to use descriptive names in order to create
understandable and maintainable code:
C++ Identifiers
 // Good
int minutesPerHour = 60;

// OK, but not so easy to understand what m actually is

int m = 60;
C++ Constants
 When you do not want others (or yourself) to change existing variable values, use the const
keyword (this will declare the variable as "constant", which means unchangeable and read-only):

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 const int myNum = 15;
 myNum = 10;
 cout << myNum;
 return 0;
 }
C++ Constants
 You should always declare the variable as constant when you have values that are unlikely to change:

 #include <iostream>
 using namespace std;

 int main() {
 const int minutesPerHour = 60;
 const float PI = 3.14;
 cout << minutesPerHour << "\n";
 cout << PI;
 return 0;
 }
Quiz Quiz:

1. Write a c++ program that display Hello world.

2. Hello world hello world

3. Hello world
Hello world
4.
 #include <iostream>

 using namespace std;

 int main()
 {
 string name;
 cout << "What's your name?: ";
 cin >> name;
 cout<< "Hello! " << name;
 return 0;
 }
 #include <iostream>

 using namespace std;

 int main()
 {
 string name;
 int age;

 cout << "What's your name?: " ;

 cin >> name ;
 cout << "What's your age?: " ;
 cin >> age ;
 cout<< "Hello! " << name ;
 cout << "You are " << age << "years old ";
 return 0;
 }
 #include <iostream>

 using namespace std;

 int main()
 {
 string name;
 int age;

 cout << "What's your name?: " ;

 cin >> name ;
 cout << "What's your age?: " ;
 cin >> age ;
 cout<< "Hello! " << name << ‘\n’;
 cout << "You are " << age << "years old ";
 return 0;
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 }