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    The Nature and Perception of Sound

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    sheila louise
    This document discusses the nature and perception of sound. It defines sound as vibrations that travel through air or other mediums and can be heard. Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave caused by variations in pressure. The key properties of sound waves include frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed of sound, and intensity. Sound can be reflected, refracted, and cause resonance in enclosed spaces. The human ear perceives sound through vibrations of the eardrum, with loudness corresponding to amplitude and pitch corresponding to frequency. Decibels are used to measure loudness on a scale from the quietest sounds people can hear to painfully loud sounds.

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    The Nature and Perception of Sound

    Uploaded by

    sheila louise
    31 views21 pages
    This document discusses the nature and perception of sound. It defines sound as vibrations that travel through air or other mediums and can be heard. Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave caused by variations in pressure. The key properties of sound waves include frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed of sound, and intensity. Sound can be reflected, refracted, and cause resonance in enclosed spaces. The human ear perceives sound through vibrations of the eardrum, with loudness corresponding to amplitude and pitch corresponding to frequency. Decibels are used to measure loudness on a scale from the quietest sounds people can hear to painfully loud sounds.

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    THE NATURE AND PERCEPTION OF SOUND

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    This document discusses the nature and perception of sound. It defines sound as vibrations that travel through air or other mediums and can be heard. Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave caused by variations in pressure. The key properties of sound waves include frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed of sound, and intensity. Sound can be reflected, refracted, and cause resonance in enclosed spaces. The human ear perceives sound through vibrations of the eardrum, with loudness corresponding to amplitude and pitch corresponding to frequency. Decibels are used to measure loudness on a scale from the quietest sounds people can hear to painfully loud sounds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views21 pages

    The Nature and Perception of Sound

    Uploaded by

    sheila louise
    This document discusses the nature and perception of sound. It defines sound as vibrations that travel through air or other mediums and can be heard. Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave caused by variations in pressure. The key properties of sound waves include frequency, wavelength, amplitude, speed of sound, and intensity. Sound can be reflected, refracted, and cause resonance in enclosed spaces. The human ear perceives sound through vibrations of the eardrum, with loudness corresponding to amplitude and pitch corresponding to frequency. Decibels are used to measure loudness on a scale from the quietest sounds people can hear to painfully loud sounds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    THE NATURE AND

    PERCEPTION OF SOUND

    BY
    S. MUKIIBI (PHD)
    ASSOC. PROF.

    2022
    NATURE OF SOUND
     Vibrations that travel through the air or another
    medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or
    animal's ear.

     Sound is a variation in pressure. A region of increased


    pressure on a sound wave is called a compression (or
    condensation). A region of decreased pressure on a sound
    wave is called a rarefaction (or dilation).
     Sound is a longitudinal, mechanical wave.
     Sound can travel through any medium, but it cannot travel
    through a vacuum.
    wavelength
    compressed gas

    rarefied gas
    PROPERTIES OF SOUND

     Frequency, or its inverse, the period


     Wavelength
     Amplitude
     Sound pressure
     Sound intensity
     Speed of sound
    FREQUENCY
     Number of complete oscillations every second.
     The inverse of frequency is period. This is the time a wave
    takes to complete one oscillation.
     The audible frequency for the human ear lies between 20 Hz
    and 20,000 Hz.
     Sound of a very high frequency is called ultra-sound. One of its
    applications is to determine the sex of babies in hospitals
    Pitch

     The variations in frequencies of sound are referred


    to as pitch.
     Pitch is a perceptual property that allows the
    ordering of sounds on a frequency-related scale.
     Pitch can be perceived as high or low when
    frequency is high or low respectively.
    WAVE LENGTH

     The distance over which the wave's shape repeats.


    It is usually determined by considering the
    distance between consecutive corresponding
    points of the same phase.
    AMPLITUDE
    The maximum displacement of a particle from
    the point of rest.
    1 = Peak amplitude
    2 = Peak-to-peak
    amplitude
    3 = Root mean square
    amplitude
    4 = Wave period (not
    an amplitude)
    Speed of sound
     The speed of sound is the distance travelled
    during a unit of time by a sound wave
    propagating through an elastic medium.
     The speed of sound is variable and depends on the
    properties of the substance through which the
    wave is travelling.
     In dry air at 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of sound is
    343 metres per second (1,125 ft/s). This is 1,234
    kilometres per hour (767 mph), or about a
    kilometre in three seconds or a mile in five
    seconds.
    Reflection of sound
    • Occurs when sound waves
    bounce off an obstacle.
    • A reflected sound is called an
    echo.
    • When an echo is prolonged in a
    space, this phenomenon is
    referred to as Reverberation.
    • What is not reflected is
    transmitted and absorbed.
    • The study of sound quality is
    called Acoustics and uses these
    properties of sound.
    Reverberation
     A reverberation, or reverb, is created when a sound is
    produced in an enclosed space causing a large number of
    echoes to build up and then slowly decay as the sound is
    absorbed by the walls and air.
    Intensity of sound
     Sound intensity or acoustic intensity is defined as the sound
    power per unit area.
     The usual context is the noise measurement of sound intensity
    in the air at a listener's location as a sound energy quantity.
    Refraction of sound
     It occurs when different parts of a wave front are traveling in
    different media. This makes the sound move at different speeds
    and therefore bend, this bending is known as refraction.
    Resonance
     The tendency of a system to
    oscillate with greater amplitude at
    some frequencies than at others is
    called Resonance.
     Resonance occurs when
    successive impulses are applied to
    a vibrating object in time with its
    natural frequency.
     Resonance ideally is forced
    vibration.
    Perception of sound
    Sound is perceived when the ear drum is set vibrating by
    variations in the air pressure just outside the ear

    The greater the amplitude A of the pressure variation ,the


    louder the tone. The more rapid the variation, the higher
    the pitch of the tone.
    Perception of amplitude is loudness
    Decibel (dB) is used as the measure of loudness

    Quietest sound (2×10-5) Loudest sound (100 Pa)

    The quietest sound that most Sound so loud to be actually


    People can hear – the pain full
    threshold of hearing
    If we know the behavior of a material , wall or
    room . With regard to the audible spectrum of
    pure tones , we can predict the behaviour of an
    sound
    References

     The perception of sound (2017) - Morgan & Claypool


    Publishers
     Acoustics and perception of sound in everyday
    environments (2003) - Barbara Shinn-Cunningham
    Thank you

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