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3 2 Logarithmic Functions and Their Graphs

The document discusses logarithmic functions and their inverses. It introduces the logarithmic function y = log x and its inverse function x = 10y. It explains that the inverse operation of exponentiation is taking the logarithm. The actual inverse of x = 10y is y = log x. It also discusses the domains, ranges, and asymptotes of logarithmic functions. Finally, it introduces the common logarithm base 10 and the natural logarithm base e.

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Drea Peregrino
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74 views

3 2 Logarithmic Functions and Their Graphs

The document discusses logarithmic functions and their inverses. It introduces the logarithmic function y = log x and its inverse function x = 10y. It explains that the inverse operation of exponentiation is taking the logarithm. The actual inverse of x = 10y is y = log x. It also discusses the domains, ranges, and asymptotes of logarithmic functions. Finally, it introduces the common logarithm base 10 and the natural logarithm base e.

Uploaded by

Drea Peregrino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

 And examples of inverse properties on

slides 23 and 24
3.2 Logarithmic Functions and
Their Graphs

You need graphing calculator and


graph paper again
Use graph paper
Graph y  10
x

 Then graph it’s inverse below it – how


can we find this?
 Switch x and y coordinates
The inverse of y  10 is x  10

x y

 Graph the inverse in it’s current form


before we move on
y  10 x

x  10 y
Logarithmic
 The inverse of y  10 x is x  10 y
 We need a new operation to solve for y.
 Let’s make up some operation that is the
inverse of raising 10 to the power of an
exponent. Call it “Clifton”
x  10 y

Clifton x  Clifton 10 y

Clifton x  y
y  Clifton x
Logarithmic

 The actual inverse operation of x  10 y

raising 10 to the power of an


exponent is to take the
log x  log 10 y

logarithm. log x  y
y  log x
 So x  10 y is equivalent to y  log x
y=logx; Important Points?
x  10 y

( x, 0) x  ?  (1, 0)
( x,1) x  ?  (10,1)
y  10 x

y  log x
y=logx; Domain? Range?
Asymptotes? ppos
ite ( “inv e rt ed”)

in g is o =10^x
th y
Every he graph
t
From
Vertical Asymptote
x=0

Range: ( -, )

Domain: (0, )
Logarithms!

log10 x  y log b x  y

10  x
y
b x
y
Common Logarithm: Base 10
log  log10  common logarithm
log is understood to be base 10
when no other base is written.

log 100 = 2  10  100


2

log 2.5  0.3979  10 0.3979


 2.5
Logarithms, Explained -
Steve Kelly
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzu
2POfYv0Y
Looking at the pattern, define
the log function
Think log  log10
log 10  1
log 100  2
log 1000  3
log 10000  4
How about this pattern?

log 2 8  3
log 2 32  5
log 3 27  3
log 3 81  4
So logarithms are just another helpful
way to write exponential equations

log 3 243  5  3  243


5

log 4 256  4  4  2564


Mental Math Time
Express in exponential form.
a ) log 2 8  3
b) log 3 9  2
1
c) log 5  3
125
d ) log10 0.1   1
How about going the other
way?
Exponential Notation  Logarithmic Notation
x  a y (a y  x) log a x  y

Examples:
a ) 3  81
4
 log 3 81  4
b) 4  16
2
 log 4 16  2
3 1 1
c) 2   log 2   3
8 8
Example: Evaluate
a ) log 5 125 5  125; log 5 125  3
?

b) log 2 16 2  16; log 2 16  4


?

c) log 8 64 8  64; log8 64  2


?
Example: Solve then write in
logarithmic form.
Express in logarithmic form.
a ) 2  16
4
log 2 16  4
b) 4  64
3
log 4 64  3

2
1 1 2
c) 32 5  log 32  
4 4 5
4 4
d ) 3 3  3 3 3 log 3 (3 3 ) 
3

3
Natural Logarithm: Base e
log e is written as ln x
read as "the natural log of x"
Think log e 2  0.6931
ln 2 = 0.6931  e 0.6931
2
1.2040
ln 0.3   1.2040  e  0.3
ln 5  x  e  5  x  1.609
x
Graph the following functions
on the same axes (pg 2 of
packet)
y  log 2 x
y  log x
y  ln x
 Rewrite as an exponential function.
 Plug in y-value first, then find x
 Don’t use a calculator!
 Record the domain, range and
asymptotes for each function
Graph the following
y  log( x  1)
y   log 2 (2 x)
Desmos.com

y  ln x  3
1. Parent Function
2. Important Points of P.F.
3. Non-rigid Transformations – new points
4. Rigid Transformations – new points
Calculators:
 Calculator (Ti84+ and below) will only
compute common logs (base 10) and
natural logs (base e)!
Properties of Logarithms
1. log a 1  0 because a  1
0

2. log a a  1 because a1  a

3. log a a  x and a
x log a x
 x inverse property

4. log a x  log a y, then x  y one  to  one property


Properties of Natural Logs
1. ln1  0 because e0  1

2. ln e  1 because e  e 1

3. ln e  x and e
x ln x
 x inverse property

4. ln x  ln y, then x  y one  to  one property


 We will get practice using these
properties in the next lessons.
H Dub:
 Pg 1 and 2 – bottom half
 Pg 3 – #”3”-5
 Pg 4 – #11-18

 3-2 Pg. 236 #1-19odd, 27-44,


76-83, 87
Solving Logarithms:
 Rewrite in exponential form
 Solve for unknown

log 3 9  x
3 9
x

3 3
x 2

x2
Example: Solve.
1
a ) log 4 x b) log 2 2  x
5

64
x  3 x5
c) log 2 x  4 d ) log x 125  3

x  16 x5
Example: One-to-One
Property
log 3 ( x  2)  log 3 7
( x  2)  7
x9
Example: One-to-One
Property

log 2 (4  x )  log 2 4 x


2

 4  x  4x
2

 ( x  4 x  4)  0
2

 ( x  2)  0
2

x  2

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