Grade 7

1 First Quarter
Lesson 1

2
Intoduction to Sets
Illustrates well-defined sets,
3 subsets, universal sets, null set,
cardinality of sets, union, and
intersection of sets and the
4 difference of two sets
(CODE HERE)
5
1 Activate Prior Knowledge
Let’s Explore:
1 Activate Prior Knowledge
Let’s Explore:
1. How can you group the objects? Name each
group?
2. How many groups can you form? Is there an
object that belongs to more than one group?
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Set -is any well-defined collection
or groups of objects.
Examples:
1. Set of fruits {banana, cherry, apple}
2. Set of gadgets {laptop, PSP, game controller}
3. Set of animals {bird, rabbit, cat}
4. Set of red fruits {cherry, apple}
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
State whether the collection of group is well-
defined set or not.
1. a subject in grade 7 Well-defined Set
2. a popular actor Not Well-defined Set
3. a beautiful movie in 2021 Not Well-defined Set
4. a whole numbers Well-defined Set
5. good politicians Not Well-defined Set
Note: There is no measurement to the word popular,
beautiful and good. People have their own choices.
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
ELEMENTS -the object in a set
Example 1:
Set A contains the Prime Numbers less than 10.
A = {2, 3, 5, 7} The elements of A are 2, 3,5,7
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
Example 2:
Set B contains the 4 fundamental operations in
Mathematics.
B = {addition, subtraction, multiplication, division}
The elements of B are addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division,
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
Two ways of writing Sets:

Roster Method (Listing Method)

-elements are listed, separated by comma, and
enclosed in a pair of brackets.
Example 1: Set A contains even numbers less than 10.
Roster Method: A = {2, 4, 6, 8}
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Roster Method (Listing Method)

Example 2:
Set B contains letters in a word PHILIPPINES.
Roster Method: B = {P, H, I, L, N, E, S}
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Two ways of writing Sets:
Set-Builder Notation (Describing the Elements)
- defined by stating the property that describe
all members of the set.
Set-Builder Notation:
Example 1:
A = {x I x is an even number less
A = {2, 4, 6, 8} than 10}. Read as “x such that x is
an even number less than 10.
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Two ways of writing Sets:
Set-Builder Notation (Describing the Elements)
Example 2: B = {P, H, I, L, N, E, S}
Set-Builder Notation:
B = {x I x is a letter in a word PHILIPPINES}.
Read as “x such that x is a letter in a word
PHILIPPINES.
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Cardinality of a Set
-is denoted by n(X), it is the number of element in a set.

Example 1: A = {2, 4, 6, 8}
4 elements. These are n(A) = 4. “the
2, 4, 6, 8. cardinal number of
set A is 4”.
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
Cardinality of a Set
-is denoted by n(X), it is the number of element in a set.
Example 2:
B = {dog, cat, lion, bird, rabbit, jaguar, snake}
7 elements. These are dog, cat, n(B) = 7. “the cardinal
lion, bird, rabbit, jaguar, number of set B is 7”.
snake.
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
Null Set/Empty Set

Example 1.
Y = {vowel in the word “SKY”}
There is no vowel in
the word “SKY”.
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Null Set/Empty Set

Example 2.
Z = {secondary color in the Philippine
The colors of the
flag}.
Philippine flag are red,
yellow, blue, and white.
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
Finite Sets
is a set with definite number of different elements.
The number of elements of a finite set is a whole
number. A null/empty set is a finite set.
Example 1. If Y = {vowel in the word “SKY”}, Y = { } n(Y) = 0

Example 2. If Y = {x/x is even numbers less than

10}, Y = { 2,4,6,8} n(Y) = 4
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
Infinite Sets
-is a set with an uncountable elements. Counting the
different elements of an infinite set cannot come to
an end. The ellipsis(…) indicated at the end or at the
beginning eans that there endless number of
elements on the given set.

Example 1. A = {3, 6, 9, 12, …}

Example 2. B = {x/x is a prime number}
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Universal Set
contains all elements being considered in a
given situation. It is denoted by U.
Example 1. The set of all 2. The set of letters in the
counting numbers. English alphabet
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …} U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, …,z}
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
Equal Sets
Equal Sets are sets which contain exactly the same
elements.
• If A = B, read as “A is equal to B”, then the
elements of A and B are the same.
Example 1. A = {b, a, t} and
B = {t, a, b} , A = B or B = A . Therefore A and
B are equal sets
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Equal Sets
Equal Sets are sets which contain exactly the same elements.

Example 2. If G = {1,2, 3} and H = {counting

numbers less than 4}, then G = H
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Equivalent Sets
Equivalent Sets are sets with the same cardinality.

Example 1. If M = {2, 4, 6, 8} and N = {r, s, t, q}.

Then, M and N are equivalent sets because n(M)
= 4 and n(N) = 4.
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Equivalent Sets
Equivalent Sets are sets with the same
cardinality.
Example 2.
Q = {a , b} and P = {5, 10},
Q and P are equivalent sets
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Subset of a Set
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Subset of a Set
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Proper Subset
2 Acquire New Knowledge
Listing subset of a Set
1. V = {a}
Answer: The subsets of V are: { }, {a}

2. If M = {a, b}
Answer: The subsets of M are: { } , {a}, {b}, {a, b}
 2 Acquire New Knowledge
Listing subset of a Set
3. If Y = {1, 2, 3}
Answer: The subsets of Y are: { }, {1}, {2], {3],
{1,2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}
Note: The number of subsets = 2 n, where n is the
cardinality of set
If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8}, then the number of subsets of
A = 2 4 or 16
 3 Application
Represent the given sets in two ways.
CONSIDER THE ROSTER METHOD
GIVEN SETS
1.Set V contains the V={a,e,i,o,u}
vowels of the English Note: the order of the
alphabet elements doesn’t matter
2. Set M contains the M={Monday, Tues, wed,
days of the week Thurs, Friday, Sat, Sunday}
3 Application
Represent the given sets in two ways.
CONSIDER THE SET-BUILDER
GIVEN SETS NOTATION
1.Set V contains the V={x/x is a vowel in
vowels of the English the English
alphabet alphabet}
2. Set M contains the
days of the week M={x/x is a day of
the week}
3 Application
Represent the given sets in two ways.
CONSIDER THE ROSTER METHOD
GIVEN SETS
3. Set W contains the W={c,a,l,u,t,o,r}
distinct letters in the
Note: there is no
word
“CALCULATOR” repetition of elements
in a set
3 Application
Represent the given sets in two ways.
CONSIDER THE SET-BUILDER
GIVEN SETS NOTATION
3. Set W contains the W={x/x is a distinct
distinct letters in the letter in the word
word
“CALCULATOR”}
“CALCULATOR”
3 Application
Determine the cardinality of the ff. sets.

1. J = {months of a n(J) = 12
year}
2. D = {distinct letters n(D) = 8
in the word
“MATHEMATICS”}
 3 Application
State whether the set is finite or infinite.
1. The set of Math teachers of TNHS Finite Set
2. The set of positive integers
Finite Set
less than 100
3. The set of counting numbers Infinite Set
greater than 45
3 Application
State whether the set is finite or infinite.

4. The set of secondary colors in Finite Set

the Philippine flag
5. The set of multiples of 7 Infinite Set
3 Application
Listing subset of a Set
1. V = {a}
Answer: The subsets of V are: { }, {a}

2. If M = {a, b}
Answer: The subsets of M are: { } , {a}, {b}, {a, b}
3 Application
Listing subset of a Set
3. If Y = {1, 2, 3}
Answer: The subsets of Y are: { }, {1}, {2], {3],
{1,2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}
Note: The number of subsets = 2 n, where n is the
cardinality of set
If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8}, then the number of subsets of
A = 2 4 or 16
4 Assessment

1.What is the subset of an empty set?

A 0 B {0}

C {} D
4 Assessment

2. If set A has 4 elements, then set A has _____

subsets.

A 4 B 12

C 6 D 16
4 Assessment

3. Set A is a ____ of set B if every element of A is

also an element of B.

A Equal Set B Equivalent Set

C Subset D Finite Set

4 Assessment

4. Which of the following sets is well-defined?

The set of all The set of good

A large numbers B writers

The set of all The set of nice

C multiples of 5 D people in TNHS
4 Assessment
5. If R is the set the unique letters of the word
“MATHEMATICS” what is the cardinal number
of R?
A 11 B 9

C 10 D 8
5 Additional Activity

1. Which of the following is an empty set?

A B Here

C Here D Here
5 Additional Activity

1. It is the set that contain all objects under

consideration?

A Empty Set B Power Set

C Subset D Universal Set

5 Additional Activity

2. Which of the following is an example of a well-

defined set?

Girls with Women with fair

A long hair B complexion

A set of birds
C that cannot fly D Local male singers whose
name start with a vowel
5 Additional Activity
3. Which of the following set is equal to
{a,e,i,o,u } ??}

A {1,2,3,4,5 } B {e,i,o,a,u }

C {a,b,c,d,e } D {a,e,I,o }
5 Additional Activity
4. Given set U= {x/x is a letter in the English
alphabet}, which of the following is a subset of U?

A {1,2,3,4,5 } B {a,e,i,o,u }

C {1,2,3,a,b,c } D { 0}
5 Additional Activity
5. Given the set R = {4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24
}
S= {0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44}, create a
subset of R and also a subset of S and name it set T.
A B

C D