Unit 4: Writing from Sources
Lesson 2
Techniques in Paraphrasing Texts
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Senior High School Applied - Academic
How can you relate the
quotation to
paraphrasing different
texts?
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Learning ● Identify the different techniques
Objectives for paraphrasing.
At the end of the ● Practice paraphrasing different
lesson, you should be
able to do the
following:
quotations and passages.
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“Men have called me mad; but the
question is not yet settled, whether
Attempt to madness is or is not the loftiest
rewrite this intelligence – whether much that is
short passage glorious – whether all that is profound
without – does not spring from disease of
changing the thought – from moods of mind exalted
ideas stated.
at the expense of the general
intellect.”
- Edgar Allan Poe, “Eleonora”
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How do you rewrite a text
Essential
without changing the context of
Question
ideas?
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How does paraphrasing become
an integrative skill for writing
academic papers?
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Paraphrasing by Changing Words
Changing a part of speech allows writers to
replace words with a new part of speech, such
as a noun with a verb or an adjective with an
adverb.
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Paraphrasing by Changing Words
Steps:
1. Identify which words can be changed,
whether it is from a noun to a verb, adjective
to an adverb, and/or vice versa.
2. Rewrite the sentence or passage.
3. Check if the original and paraphrased
sentences are similar in meaning.
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Paraphrasing by Changing Words
Original Paraphrased
Wake up with Wake up determined;
determination; go to go to bed satisfied.
bed with satisfaction.
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How does changing a word make
a difference in paraphrasing a
text?
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Paraphrasing by Changing Words
Original: “Find opportunities to execute the
project before giving up,” mentors have told
mentees time and time again.
Paraphrased: Mentors have advised that the
execution of found opportunities should be
done before giving up.
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Paraphrasing by Changing Words
Original: The key to success is to focus on
goals, not obstacles.
Paraphrased: We succeed when goals, not
obstacles, are the focus.
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Paraphrasing by Using Synonyms
Using synonyms allows writers to use words
that are different from the original text
with the same or similar meanings in the
paraphrased text.
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Paraphrasing by Using Synonyms
Original: The semisolid nature of the material
allowed for more creative ideas.
Paraphrased: The plasma-like material made
more innovative concepts possible.
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Tips
A writer can use a thesaurus, or
even a dictionary, to find
synonyms for the various words
in the original text.
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Paraphrasing by Using Synoyms
Original Paraphrased
In order to hold the In order to hold the
musical note to its musical note to the
finality, the violinist end, the violinist
must utilize his entire should maximize the
bow. use of his bow.
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Paraphrasing by Using Synonyms
Original: The harder you work for something,
the greater you’ll feel when you achieve it.
Paraphrased: The harder you work for your
goal, the better you’ll feel when it is
accomplished.
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Changing Numbers and Percentages into Different Forms
Instead of using
numbers and
percentages, they
can be represented
in other ways.
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Remember
The numbers and percentages
should be accurate and closely
related to one another.
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Changing Numbers and Percentages into Different Forms
Original: Only 20 respondents answered the
survey.
Paraphrased: Less than half of the 50
participants answered the survey.
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Changing Numbers and Percentages into Different Forms
Original Paraphrased
More than half of the Less than two-thirds
bread was covered in of the bread was
mold after three covered in mold after
days. three days.
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How can using different forms of
numbers be a useful paraphrasing
technique?
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Changing Numbers and Percentages into Different Forms
Original: The experiment took more than
three weeks to observe and accomplish.
Paraphrased: The experiment was done in
less than a month.
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How can paraphrased texts be
different when one set of
techniques utilizes changing the
word and the other uses changing
the sentence form?
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Paraphrasing by Changing the Word Order
Changing the word order allows writers to
change from the active voice to the passive
voice or vice versa.
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Paraphrasing by Changing the Word Order
Original: The researchers observed the child’s
behavior for a week before reaching
conclusions.
Paraphrased: The child’s behavior was
observed by the researchers for a week before
reaching conclusions.
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Paraphrasing by Changing the Word Order
Original Paraphrased
The results showed The milk spoiled
that milk did spoil when left for a few
after a few hours hours at room
when left at room temperature,
temperature. according to the
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results.
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Paraphrasing by Changing the Word Order
Original Paraphrased
Data collected from The participants’
the participants were experiences in eating
all experiences in at fast-food
eating at fast-food restaurants served as
restaurants. data.
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Research and other written
output may require different
kinds of definitions.
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Utilizing Different Definition Structures
Utilizing different definition structures allows
the writer to change definitions from one
structure to another.
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Remember
There are three kinds of
definitions:
● formal definition,
● informal definition, and
● extended definition.
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Utilizing Different Definition Structures
Original: The future is a time or period that is
regarded as still to come.
Paraphrased: The future is a time or period
that is unknown to everyone, as it has still yet
to happen and be experienced.
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Utilizing Different Definition Structures
Original Paraphrased
Cabinets are used for Cabinets are
storage space, as equipped with
they can fit all kinds shelves and drawers
of things: clothes, in order to function
toys, bags, and junk. as storage space for a
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of things.
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Utilizing Different Definition Structures
Original: Light bulbs are actually glass inserted
into a lamp or a socket in a ceiling to provide
light by passing an electric current through a
filament.
Paraphrased: Light bulbs provide light by
being a part of a lamp and having electricity.
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How did the original definitions
differ from the paraphrased ones?
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Utilizing Different Attribution Signals
Utilizing different attribution signals means
using directed and reported speech for the
paraphrased material.
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Remember
Reported speech and direct
quotations may vary in verb
tense.
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Utilizing Different Attribution Signals
Original: Jack Ma said, “I don’t want to be liked.
I want to be respected.”
Paraphrased: Jack Ma said that he would
rather be respected than liked.
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Utilizing Different Attribution Signals
Original: Ninoy Aquino said, “If we Filipinos
cannot fight for our freedom, we do not
deserve it.”
Paraphrased: Aquino said that if we Filipinos
cannot fight for our freedom, then we do not
deserve it.
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Utilizing Different Attribution Signals
Original: One Hebrew proverb says, “The end
product is found in the first thoughts.”
Paraphrased: According to a Hebrew proverb,
it is said that a conclusion can be found as
early as in the first stages of thinking.
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Changing the Sentence Structure and Using Different Connecting Words
Changing the sentence structure and using
different connecting words allows the writer to
completely change the sentence structure
and add conjunctions.
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Remember
Types of sentence structures
include simple, compound,
complex, and compound-complex.
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Changing the Sentence Structure and Using Different Connecting Words
Original Paraphrased
I am the master of The poem “Invictus”
my fate, I am the says the famous lines
captain of my soul. that we are the
(“Invictus”) masters of our fate,
and we are captains
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souls.
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Changing the Sentence Structure and Using Different Connecting Words
Original: The results showed there was no
change in the state of the children, even after
eating sugar.
Paraphrased: Even if the children had eaten
sugar, there was no change in their state.
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Changing the Sentence Structure and Using Different Connecting Words
Original: Ideas and concepts may have
multiple functions. They help create new
concepts and innovations.
Paraphrased: Ideas and concepts have
multiple functions, as they may help create
new concepts and innovations.
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What are some tips on using
these specific paraphrasing
techniques?
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Tips on Paraphrasing
● Do not change technical terms and proper nouns.
● Cite your sources accordingly when you paraphrase
material.
● The lengths of the two sentences or passages should
be the same, more or less.
● The meaning of the sentences should stay the same.
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Attempt to “Hercules himself could not cope
paraphrase with two assailants.” — Latin
this text. proverb
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What techniques did you use for your own
paraphrase?
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Question
Is it possible to use multiple paraphrase
techniques in a text?
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Question
How do changing the words and changing the
sentence structure differ in terms of content?
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Wrap Up
There are several techniques that
can be utilized to paraphrase
effectively:
● change of words, and
● change of sentence structure.
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Wrap Up
Do not change proper nouns and
technical terms when
paraphrasing.
Maintain the meaning of the text
when paraphrasing material.
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Wrap Up
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Koshy, Betty. “Learn To Teach And Teach To Learn [abstract].” Online Journal of Bibliography
Multidisciplinary Subjects 12, no. 2 (September 2018).
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337824447_LEARN_TO_TEACH_AN
D_TEACH_TO_LEARN
.
“Paraphrasing and Summarising.” Learning Hub. Accessed February 7, 2020.
https://www.learninghub.ac.nz/writing/paraphrasing-summarising-and-techn
iques/
.
“Techniques for Effective Paraphrasing.” SFU Library. Accessed February 7,
2020.
https://www.lib.sfu.ca/about/branches-depts/slc/writing/sources/paraphrasi
ng
.
“Techniques for Paraphrasing.” SFU Library. Accessed February 7, 2020.
https://www.lib.sfu.ca/about/branches-depts/slc/writing/sources/techniques-
paraphrasing
. 55
