Using GRASP – Moving

Loads
RICHARD J. AQUINO
Civil/Structural Engineer, Environmental Planner, Associate Professor V
Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering, Central Mindanao University
University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon
Dead Load
• DC - dead load structural components and nonstructural attachments
• DW - dead load of wearing surfaces and utilities

Using T-beam section as shown,

DC = 23.56 kN/m^3(0.2m*2.4m+0.9m*0.4m)
= 19.7904 kN/m
Dead Load
Using T-beam section as shown,

DC = 19.7904 kN/m
R1 = 19.7904(15)(7.5)/15
= 148.428 kN
Mmax = 148.428(7.5) –
19.7904(7.5)^2/2
= +556.605 kN.m
Dead Load
• DW - dead load of wearing surfaces and utilities

Applying 50mm asphalt concrete above the deck

DW = 22 kN/m^3(0.05m*2.4m)
= 2.64 kN/m
Dead Load
DW = 2.64 kN/m
R1 = 2.64(15)(7.5)/15
= 19.8 kN
Mmax = 19.8(7.5) –
2.64(7.5)^2/2
= +74.25 kN.m
HL-93 AASHTO Vehicular Live Load
• Design Truck
• Design Tandem
• Design Lane Load - 0.64 klf (9.34 kN/m) or 64 psf (3.11 kPa)
HL-93 AASHTO Vehicular Live Load
Design Truck

For the maximum positive moment:

L = 15m, drive axle position at midspan
Front Axle - 35 kN at 3.2m
Drive Axle - 145 kN at 7.5m
Rear Trailer Axle - 145 kN at 11.8m
HL-93 AASHTO Vehicular Live Load
Design Truck
Front Axle - 35 kN at 3.2m
Drive Axle - 145 kN at 7.5m
Rear Trailer Axle - 145 kN at 11.8m

15R1 = 35(3.2)+145(7.5)+145(11.8)
R2 = 194.033 kN
R1 = 130.967 kN
Mmax = R1(7.5)-35(4.3) = +831.75 kN.m
HL-93 AASHTO Vehicular Live Load
Design Truck
Front Axle - 35 kN at 3.2m
Drive Axle - 145 kN at 7.5m
Rear Trailer Axle - 145 kN at 11.8m

15R1 = 35(3.2)+145(7.5)+145(11.8)
R2 = 194.033 kN
R1 = 130.967 kN
Mmax = R1(7.5)-35(4.3) = +831.75 kN.m
HL-93 AASHTO Vehicular Live Load
Design Lane Load
9.34 kN/m

15R1 = 9.34 kN/m (15 m)(15/2 m)

R1 = 70.05 kN
R2 = 70.05 kN
Mmax = R1(7.5)-9.34(7.5)^2/2
= +262.6875 kN.m
Load Combination
• Q = 1.25DC + 1.50DW + 1.75(DT + Lane Load)

At midspan, the maximum positive moments are:

Mmax_DC = +556.605 kN.m
Mmax_DW = +74.25 kN.m
Mmax_DT = +831.75 kN.m
Mmax_Lane = +262.6875 kN.m

Then, Mmax = 1.25(556.605)+1.5(74.25)+1.75(831.75+262.6875)

= +2,722.4 kN.m
GRASP Analysis
• Double-click the GRASP icon as shown.
GRASP Analysis
• The GRASP environment will open as shown.
Setting up - Units
• Select Options Menu > Units…
Setting up - Units
• Select Options Menu > Units… Choose default values, click OK button.
Setting up - Grid
• Select Options Menu > Grid…
Setting up - Grid
• Select Options Menu > Grid… Choose default values, click OK button.
Setting up - Structure > Frame
• Select Structure Menu > Frame.
Setting up – Project Information
• Select Structures Menu > Project Title Info…
Setting up – Project Information
• Select Structures Menu > Project Title Info…
• Fill in the necessary information, then click OK button.
Setting up – Materials
• Select Structures Menu > Materials…
Setting up – Materials
• Select Structures Menu > Materials…
• Click Add Material button and fill in the necessary information:
• Use f’c = 27.6 MPa (4 ksi) and Ec = 4800*sqrt(f’c), then click OK button
and then click CLOSE button, and click YES button to change default.
Graphical Drawing
• Click the Add Member icon,
Graphical Drawing
• Draw a member using the mouse from the origin (0,0) to point (15,0).
Check the bottom right corner for the x and y-coordinate values.

Note:
Beam length
is 15m.
Assign Member Properties
• Click the Change Member Properties icon.
Assign Member Properties
• Click the Change Member Properties icon, then select the beam.
Assign Member Properties
• Do the following in the Member Cross Section and Material dialog box

1) Select Concrete as Material.

2) Select T-beam section.
3) Fill in the necessary dimensions.
4) Click OK button.
Assign Nodal Supports
• Click the Modify Nodal Restraints icon as shown.
Assign Nodal Supports
• Click the Modify Nodal Restraints icon as shown. Then select the joint
for support.
• Choose the hinge support (fixed, fixed, free) for the first support, then
click OK button.
Assign Nodal Supports
• Repeat the process. Select the second joint for support.
• Choose the roller support (free, fixed, free) for the second support,
then click OK button.
Apply Loading – Dead Load (DW)
• Click the Drop-Down Box at the top-right of the window. Select Dead
Load Case for DW (dead load of wearing surfaces and utilities)
Apply Loading – Dead Load (DW)
• Click Add Member Loads icon as shown.
Apply Loading – Dead Load (DW)
• Select the member to apply the DW load. Member Loads for Member
B-1 dialog box appears.
• Click Add button, select the uniform load, type DW = 2.64 kN/m, then
click OK button.
Note: Use default Local Y direction
Apply Loading – Dead Load (DW)
• The member is now loaded with a uniformly distributed load,
DW = 2.64 kN/m.
Apply Loading – Live Load (Design Truck)
• Click the Drop-Down Box at the top-right and select Live Load. Use
this for the Design Truck
Apply Loading – Live Load (Design Truck)
• Click the Add Member Loads icon. Click the beam and the Member
Loads for Member B-1 dialog box will appear as shown.
Apply Loading – Live Load (Design Truck)
• Member Loads for Member B-1 dialog box appears.
• Click Add button, select Concentrated Load, fill in W1 = 35 kN & x = 3.2
m, then click Add button again. Repeat the process for W2 = 145 kN
and W3 = 145 kN.
Apply Loading – Live Load (Design Truck)
• After filling in for W3 = 145 kN, click OK button.
• The Design Truck Load is shown below.
Apply Loading – Add Load Case
• In order to add a load case for Design Lane Load, select Loading Menu
> Add Load Case…
• Select Basic Load Case and type Lane Load
and click OK button.
Apply Loading – Add Load Case
• The Load Cases dialog box will appear.
• Also, click Add Load Case to add a combination load case.
• Select Combination Load Case and type New Load Case Name, and
click OK button.
Apply Loading – Add Load Case
• The Load Cases dialog box appears. Use the following factors for Load
Case: 1.25DC+1.5DW+1.75(DT+Lane) i.e. 1.25 Self Load, 1.5 Dead
Load, 1.75 Live Load, and 1.75 Lane Load. This is Strength I.
• Assume Strength IV, Ultimate Load = 1.5DC+1.5DW with factors 1.5 for
Self Load and 1.5 for Dead Load
Apply Loading – Live Load (Design Lane
Load)
• Click the Drop-Down Box at the top-right and click Lane Load.
Apply Loading – Live Load (Design Lane
Load)
• Make sure that Lane Load is selected at the top-right side.
• Click Add Member Loads icon.
Apply Loading – Live Load (Design Lane
Load)
• Member Loads for Member B-1 appears.
• Click Add button, select uniform load with W = 9.34 kN/m, then click
OK button.
Saving your work
• Don’t forget to save your work. Click the Save Structure Data To A File
and use the appropriate filename, e.g. RCDG-Bridge. Click Save button.
Analysis
• Loading Menu > Generate Self Weight
Analysis
• Make sure no unused node is available, Perform Menu > Remove
Unused Node

• Make sure to calculate self weight, Perform Menu > Self Load
Calculation
Analysis
• Perform Menu > Analysis
Results/Outputs - Postprocessing
• Click the Drop-Down Box at the top-right.
Results/Outputs - Postprocessing
• Use the following icons to show visually the displacements, bending
moments, shear, axial force and support reactions.
Results/Outputs - Postprocessing
• Also, other icons will be used to Show Results With/Without Values,
Show No Results and increase/decrease scale of plotted results.
Self-Load (DC)

Click the member (beam) to show the Member Detailed

Forces and Moments for member 1 dialog box. R1 =
148.43 kN, Vmax = 148.4 kN, Mmax = +556.605 kN.m
Dead Load (DW)
• To remove the Grids, Options > Grids… The Grid Marks and Lines will
show and click Show No Grids, then click OK button.
Dead Load (DW)
• R1 = 19.80 kN, Vmax = 19.8 kN, Mmax = +74.25 kN.m
Live Load (Design Truck)
• R1 = 130.97 kN, Vmax = -194 kN, Mmax = +831.75 kN.m
Live Load (Design Lane Load)
• R1 = 70.05 kN, Vmax = 70.1 kN, Mmax = +262.688 kN.m
1.25DC+1.5DW+1.75(DT+Lane)
• Ru_1 = 567.01 kN, Vu_max = -677.4 kN, Mu_max = +2,722 kN.m
Design Envelope
• Click the Design Envelope at the top-right Drop-Down Box
Design Envelope
• Click Split-Member icon. Split the beam
into 2 equal parts to easily see values at
midspan.
End of Presentation.