DEVELOPMENT OF

E V O L U T I O N A RY
THOUGHT
Presenter Name
 The father of taxonomy
took up the new idea that plants reproduced sexually,
using differences in reproductive structures to
develop a system for classifying/naming plants.
Systema Naturae (“System of Nature”), which
introduced the hierarchical taxonomic categories:
Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-
CAROLUS Species.
LINNAEUS His research gave all his specimens a descriptive
(1707-1778) Latin binomial, or two-word, name.

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An English cleric, scholar and influential economist

within the fields of economics and demography.
In his 1798 book An Essay on the Principle of
Population, he argued that human populations have
the potential to grow faster than the resources they
need.
When populations get too big, disease and famine
THOMAS occur in a certain community.
ROBERT Thus, these calamities control population size by
M A LT H U S killing off the weakest people.
(1766-1834)
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  developed a theory of catastrophism which states
that natural history has been punctuated by
catastrophic events such as climate change and
volcanic eruption that altered that way life
developed and rocks were deposited.
 He also classified animals according to their body
plan (as vertebrates, mollusks, those with jointed
exoskeletons and those with radial symmetry).
 His studies about fossils gave rise to the science of
GEORGES paleontology.
CUVIER  His work was useful in interpreting the remains of
(1769-1832) fossil animals and relating them to living species.

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 Theory of Gradualism
made a significant contribution to the understanding
of the geological processes that shaped the Earth.
He recognized that the Earth was extremely old and
noticed that there was no need for global
catastrophes to shape the surface of the Earth.

JAMES He also hypothesized that gradualism is an ongoing

HUTTON process of erosion, sedimentation and some other
(1726-1979 geological features of the soil.

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 He travelled widely in Europe, where he
observed ancient raised seabed’s separated by
lava flows, and became convinced that Hutton's
model of gradual geological change was correct.
 He collected a large amount of supporting
evidence for uniformitarianism and set this out in
CHARLES the "Principles of Geology", a book that had a
LY E L L tremendous influence on Darwin’s work about
( 1 9 7 9 - 1 8 7 5 ) evolution.
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 Theory of Use and Disuse hypothesized that
organism can reshape or alter its traits depending
on the importance of those traits to the
organisms. An organism may develop a trait that
is useful or loose that trait if not often used.
JEAN Theory of Acquired Traits hypothesized that
BAPTISTE acquired traits of an organism that were adaptive
DE to the environment can be passed on to its
LAMARCK offspring as inherited traits.
(1774-1829)
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  Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.
 he describes how specie evolved by Natural Selection:
o through artificial selection some offspring have variations that occur by
chance and that can be inherited. In nature offspring with certain
variations that might be more likely to survive will might have difficulty
for existence and reproduce. If it happens, they would pass their favorable
variations to their offspring.
o through Natural selection, fitness is a characteristic for an organism’s
relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring. Nature selects the
variations that are most functional.
o speciation occurs when the selection, artificial or natural, change domestic
CHARLES species over time. He thought that if a species changed enough, it might
evolve into a new organism/species.
DARWIN o through Common descent, species no matter how diverse shared common
(1809-1882) ancestry.
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Jean Baptiste both agreed that life evolved from fewer, less
De Lamarck complicated organisms to several, additional
complicated organisms.

Charles Darwin
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 Father of Heredity
was carrying out imperative experiments on
dominant and recessive traits of genes that proved
Darwin’s concept of natural selection.
He wrote about crossbreeding peas which
established how heredity works.
His experiment on pea plants showed those
GREGOR organisms which inherit dominant genes were
MENDEL more likely described the fittest organism over
(1822-1884) organism which inherit recessive trait.
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MATCH THE NAMES OF SCIENTISTS IN COLUMN A TO

THEIR RESPECTIVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO COLUMN B.
CHOOSE THE LETTE R OF THE CORRECT ANSWER, AND
WRITE IT ON YOUR ANSWER SHEET.

A B

1.Carolus Linnaeus a. Gradualism

2.Thomas Robert b.Principle of Geology
Malthus c. Principle of Population
3.Georges Cuvier d.Fossils/Paleontology/Theory of Catastrophism
4.James Hutton e. Order in the Diversity of Life/Hierarchy of
5.Charles Lyell Taxonomic Categories/Binomial

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CONSTRUCT A PARALLEL TIMELINE AND STATE THE YEAR,

SCIENTIST AND THE CERTAIN HISTORICAL EVENTS.
Year Scientist Historical Event
1822-1884 1. 2.

3. 4. Proposed the Theory of Use and Disuse that organism

can reshape or alter its traits depending on the
importance of those traits to the organism.

5. Charles Darwin 6.

7. 8. Wrote the book about Principle of Geology, the earth

history and its life as recorded.
9. Thomas Robert Malthus 10.

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CONSTRUCT A PARALLEL TIMELINE AND STATE THE YEAR,

SCIENTIST AND THE CERTAIN HISTORICAL EVENTS.
Year Scientist Historical Event
1822-1884 1. Gregor Mendel 2. Wrote about crossbreeding peas which established
how heredity works.

3. 1774-1829 4. Jean Baptiste de Proposed the Theory of Use and Disuse that organism
can reshape or alter its traits depending on the
Lamarck importance of those traits to the organism.

5. 1809-1882 Charles Darwin 6. Famous of his Natural Selection, that fitness is a

characteristics for an organisms to survive and
reproduce/ survival of the fittest/ Speciation/
Artificial Selection
7. 1979-1875 8. Charles Lyell Wrote the book about Principle of Geology, the earth
history and its life as recorded.
9. 1766-1834 Thomas Robert Malthus 10. Famous about The Principle of Population, when
population gets too big disease and famine occur.
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