Quarter 1: Module 6

Earth’s Internal Heat

PAULINE JOY A. PLANA
Teacher-III
 EARTH’S
INTERNAL
HEAT
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
GRADE 11
Preliminaries

Prayer
Checking of Attendance
Meeting/On line Class Protocols
Prayer
Meeting/Online Class Protocols
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presentation.
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recognized or leave a comment on the chat
box.
Be polite/respectful to everyone.
Meeting/Online Class Protocols
Stay focused on the discussion.
Participate actively.
Have your copy of modules so you can
be guided with the flow of the lesson.
Do not open social media accounts or any
other unnecessary applications.
 What I Need to Know
 Have you wished once upon a time in
your life to get rid of volcanoes especially
when it’s erupting? Have you said before to
totally stop the earthquake because you are
afraid? Have you wished to live in a colder
Earth?
Most Essential Learning Competency:

Describe where the Earth’s internal heat

comes from (S11/12ES-Ib-14).
 What I Know

Test I. Matching Type

 What’s In
 In order to understand how the Earth works, we need to know
something about inside our planet – what it is made of and what
goes in there.
 Even if how much we want to go deeper down the Earth nobody
can do that because of the temperature and pressure that’s getting
higher as we go deeper that I’m sure will melt you and squeeze you
making you a part of the Earth.
 However, do you want to know what’s inside our Earth?
 Activity 1. THE TALKING EARTH!
 LAYERS OF THE EARTH
The main layers of the Earth include the crust,
the mantle, and the core.
The crust is thin (composing less than 1% of
Earth’s volume) and rigid. It is made up of
silicate materials. It is said that the thickness of
the crust is equivalent to a piece of paper
forming the skin of a basketball!
 Going deeper, we can see the boundary between the crust
and the mantle that is marked by the Mohorovicic
discontinuity, or Moho as it usually abbreviated.
 Beneath that is the highly viscous mantle, which is
dense, hot layer of semi-solid rock approximately 2,900
km thick and contains more iron, magnesium, and
calcium. It is hotter and denser than the crust because
temperature and pressure inside the Earth increase with as
you go deeper.
 The upper mantle consists of two layers.
 The layer that extends from 100 km down to 300 km is known as
the asthenosphere. This layer is semi-molten or viscous and is
capable of flowing slowly.
 Lying immediately above this is the lithosphere, a rigid layer
sandwiched between the crust and the asthenosphere. It is
believed that within the asthenosphere, convection currents exist
formed from the intense heat in the low mantle. As a result, the
semi-molten asthenosphere flows carrying with it the solid
lithosphere and crust.
CONVECTION CURRENT IN THE
MANTLE
At the center of the Earth lies the
core, which is near twice as dense as the mantle
because its composition is metallic rather than stony.
It is comprised of Iron (80%) and Nickel (20%).
The Earth’s core is actually made up of two parts: a
2,200 km-thick liquid outer core and a 1,250 km-
thick solid inner core. As the Earth rotates, the
liquid outer core spins. This creates the Earth’s
magnetic field.

Now that you have recall the layer of the Earth and its
composition, we are now ready to proceed. But before that,
let’s ask yourself first, “Where did the internal heat of the
Earth come from?” Let’s think of the activity below.
Activity 2. HIT ME BABY!
Objective:● In this activity, you will illustrate
how the Earth develop its heat.
 If you did this activity, you could observe that the metal of the hammer
heats up as you repeat the procedure of hitting it to the surface.
 Thinking of the Earth long time ago, we can say that the heat developed
as the Earth is being bombarded accreted during the early stages of
formation. This is called primordial heat. What happened to the hammer
is that as you hit it on the surface for several times the kinetic energy is
transformed to heat energy reason for its hotness. This is similar as to the
Earth. Aside from that, because of the components of the Earth’s interior,
the heat is generated by long term radioactive decay. Its main sources
are the four long lived isotopes (large half-life), namely K⁴º, Th²³², U²³
and U²³ that made a continuing heat source over geologic time. This is
called radioactive heat.

 What’s New

Activity 3. Move Me UP!

Objective: ● In this activity, you
should be able to observe and describe
convection of heat through liquids.
 What is It
Read the Text in your Module :
 The core is the hottest layer of the Earth.
 The heat coming from this layer is responsible for all geological activities
happening on our planet.
 Volcanoes, mountains, and continents were formed because of this internal
heat.
 As we’ve discussed in the context of metamorphism, Earth’s internal
temperature increases with depth. The mantle and asthenosphere are
considerably hotter than the lithosphere, and the core is much hotter than the
mantle. It is estimated that the core-mantle boundary has a temperature of
3,700°C; inner-core – outer-core boundary has 6,300°C±800°C and Earth’s
center has 6,400°C±600°C.
 So how does the heat flows inside the Earth?
 The activities we did earlier made clear how the heat goes up to
the surface of the Earth. It is because of the simultaneous
conduction, convection, and radiation.
 Conduction is where there is thermal vibrations that every atom is
physically bonded to its neighbors in some way. If heat energy is
supplied to one part of a solid, the atoms vibrate faster. As they
vibrate more, the bonds between atoms are shaken more. This
passes vibrations on to the next atom, and so on. This is what
happens to the transferring of heat from the core to the mantle.
Convection occurs at the mantle, but not between the core and
mantle, or even between the asthenosphere and lithosphere (except
at seafloor spreading zones). The only heat transfer mechanism in
these transition zones is through conduction. Convection is when a
fluid, such as air or a liquid, is heated and then travels away from
the source, it carries the thermal energy along. This type of heat
transfer is called convection. The fluid above a hot surface expands,
becomes less dense, and rises.
Radioactive heat transport (e.g. heating like an electric
bar fire) may play a minor role deep in Earth where T >
2000 K. However, it is proven that the continuous
radioactivity helps the Earth to achieve this greater heat
inside.
 What’s More
Activity 4. Chocolate Mantle
Convection
Objectives: ● In this activity, you will
illustrate how heat works in the mantle
and demonstrate how conduction of
heat happen
Relevance of Activity 4
 This activity shows you how exactly the Earth reacts to the heat
inside it. The gradient of the temperature that is created by the
Earth through time makes it possible for the transfer of heat from
the core to its surface.
 It shows you the significance of heat inside the Earth. Remember
that heat is transferred from a temperature gradient. Therefore,
heat is also being transferred from the solid inner core to the
liquid outer core, and this leads to convection of the liquid iron of
the outer core.
Because iron is a metal and conducts electricity (even
when molten), its motion generates a magnetic field.
This magnetic field that surrounds the Earth protects
us from any space radiation including highly charged
particles constantly blasting from the sun. The
magnetic field acts as a shield by deflecting it away
from our planet. That way, no solar winds can strip
away our atmosphere, which is also an essential
element for life here on Earth.
 What I Have Learned
Let’s see what you have learned about the
Earth’s internal heat. Complete the passage by
writing the word that would make the statement
correct. Choose your answer from the box.
 What I Can Do
On the space provided, draw your own
schematic diagram of where the Earth’s
internal heat come from and its direction.
Make sure to write short description of your
labels.
Assessment