Computer Applications

In Education
-CAE15M2
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER BASICS
LESSON 1: COMPUTER BASICS
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
HARDWARE VS. SOFTWARE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS
PCS AND MACS
What is a computer?
An electronic device that manipulates information, or data.

It sees data as ones(1) and zeros(0)

Has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.

Used to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web

Edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

Hardware vs. software
Two things all computers have in common: hardware and software.

Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure. E.g., Keyboard, mouse

It includes all the computer's internal parts.

You interact with the hardware part when working with a computer.
Hardware vs. software (Cont…)
Software is any set of instructions that guide the computer.

It tells the hardware what to do and how to do it.

Examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors.

Computer will rely on both hardware and software in everything you do.

E.g., You may be viewing this lesson in a web browser (software) and using your mouse (hardware)
to click on MS teams
Different types of computers
A computer is not just a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop.

Computers come in different shapes and sizes.

They perform many different functions in our daily lives.

You're using a type of computer when:

◦ you withdraw cash from an ATM,
◦ scan groceries at the store, or
◦ use a calculator
Desktop computers
Desktop computers are designed to be placed on a desk.

Many people use desktop computers at work, home, and school.

They're typically made up of a few different parts, including:

◦ computer case,
◦ monitor,
◦ keyboard, and
◦ mouse.
Tablet computers
Tablet computers—or tablets—are handheld computers.

They are even more portable than laptops.

Tablets use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation.

Tablets don’t have external keyboard and mouse.

The iPad is an example of a tablet.

Servers
A server is a computer that serves up information to other computers on a network.

Many businesses also use local file servers to store and share files internally.

Whenever you use the Internet, you're looking at something that's stored on a server.
◦ E.g., When watching a YouTube video, it is stored somewhere in a server.
Other types of computers
Many of today's electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don't always think of
them that way. Here are a few common examples.

• Smartphones: Cell phones can do a lot of things computers can do, including browsing the Internet
and playing games.
• Wearables: fitness trackers and smartwatches are designed to be worn throughout the day. These
devices are often called wearables for short.
• Game consoles: A game console is a specialized type of computer that is used for playing video
games on your TV.
• TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you access various types of online
content. E.g., you can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.
PCs and Macs
Personal computers come in two main styles:
◦ PC (IBM PC Compatible),
◦ Mac (Macintosh).

Both computers are fully functional.

They have a different look and feel.

Many people prefer one or the other.

PCs
This type of computer began with the original IBM PC that was introduced in 1981.

Other companies began creating similar computers.

Those computers were called IBM PC Compatible (often shortened to PC).

PC computers typically includes the Microsoft Windows operating system.

Today, this is the most common type of personal computer.

Macs
The Macintosh computer was introduced in 1984.

First widely sold personal computer with a graphical user interface, or GUI.

All Macs are made by one company (Apple).

They almost always use the Mac OS X operating system.

LESSON 2: BASIC COMPUTER PARTS
THE BASIC PARTS OF A DESKTOP COMPUTER
• COMPUTER CASE
• MONITOR,
• KEYBOARD,
• MOUSE, AND POWER CORD
Computer case
The computer case is the metal and plastic box.

Contains main components of the computer, including the motherboard, and power supply.

The front of the case usually has an On/Off button and one or more optical drives.

All-in-one computers come with the internal components built into the monitor, which eliminates the
need for a separate case.

Computer cases come in different shapes and sizes.

Monitor
Monitor works with a video card, inside the computer case, to display images and text on the screen.

Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your monitor's display settings.

Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display), or LED (light-emitting diode) displays.

These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat-panel displays.

Some monitors also have built-in speakers.

Keyboard
The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer.

There are many different types of keyboards you can use.

Most are very similar and allow you to accomplish the same basic tasks.

Keyboards have different keys that preform different functions.

Mouse
The mouse is another important tool for communicating with computers.

It is commonly known as a pointing device.

It lets you point to objects on the screen, click on them, and move them.

There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical.

The optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement.

The mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement.

Mouse alternatives
There are other devices that can do the same thing as a mouse.

Many people find them easier to use, and they also require less desk space than a traditional mouse.

The most common mouse alternatives are below.

• Trackball: Instead of moving the device like a mouse, you can roll the ball with your thumb to move the pointer.
• Touchpad: is a touch-sensitive pad that lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger.
LESSON 3: BUTTONS AND PORTS
FRONT OF A COMPUTER CASE
BACK OF A COMPUTER CASE
OTHER TYPES OF PORTS
PERIPHERAL DEVICES TO USE
Front of a computer case
At the front and back of your computer case there's several buttons, ports, and slots.

Each computer is different, so the buttons, ports, and sockets will vary.

there are certain ones you can expect to find on most desktop computers.
Back of a computer case
The back of a computer case has connection ports that are made to fit specific devices.

Some of the ports may be color coded to help you determine the type of port for the device.
Many companies have their own special connectors for specific devices.

The placement will vary from computer to computer.

Other types of ports
There are many other types of ports in our computers E.g.,
◦ FireWire port,
◦ Thunderbolt port,
◦ USB port
◦ VGA port, and
◦ HDMI port.

If your computer has ports you don't recognize, you should consult your manual for more
information.
Peripheral devices to use.
A peripheral device is any device used to put information into and get information out of a computer.

Most computer setup usually includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse, but you
can plug many different types of devices into the extra ports on your computer.

These devices are called peripherals. Some of the most common ones are:
◦ Printers: is used to print documents, photos, and anything else that appears on your screen.
◦ Scanners: allows you to copy a physical image or document and save it to your computer.
◦ Speakers: are output devices, which means they send information from the computer to the user
◦ Microphones: is a type of input device, or a device that receives information from a user.
◦ Web cameras: is a type of input device that can record videos and take pictures.
◦ Digital cameras: A digital camera lets you capture pictures and videos in a digital format.
LESSON 4: INSIDE A COMPUTER
MOTHERBOARD
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
RAM AND HARD DRIVE
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
EXPANSION CARDS
VIDEO CARD

SOUND CARD

NETWORK CARD
Motherboard
The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board.

The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.

It's a thin plate that holds many computer components including:

◦ Connectors for the hard drive and optical drives,
◦ Expansion cards to control the video and audio,
◦ Connections for USB ports,
◦ The CPU, and
◦ Memory
CPU/processor
The CPU, also called a processor, is located inside the computer case on the motherboard.

It is sometimes called the brain of the computer, and its job is to carry out commands.

When you press a key, click the mouse, or start an application, you're sending instructions to the CPU.

The CPU is usually a two-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip located inside.

However, the actual speed of the computer depends on the speed of many different components—
not just the processor.

The CPU fits into the motherboard's CPU socket.

A faster processor can execute instructions more quickly.

RAM (random access memory)
When your computer performs calculations, it temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed.

This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off.

If you're working on a document, spreadsheet, or other type of file, you'll need to save it to avoid losing it.

When you save a file, the data is written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term storage.

The more RAM you have, the more things your computer can do at the same time.

If you don't have enough RAM, you may notice that your computer is sluggish when you have several
programs open.

RAM is your system's short-term memory.

Hard Drive
The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are stored.

It is a long-term storage; the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug it.

The faster the hard drive, the faster your computer can start up and load programs.

When you run a program or open a file, the computer copies some of the data from the hard
drive onto the RAM.

When you save a file, the data is copied back to the hard drive.
Power Supply unit
The power supply unit in a computer converts the power from the wall outlet to the type of power
needed by the computer.

It sends power through cables to the motherboard and other components.

If you decide to open the computer case and look, make sure to unplug the computer first.
Expansion cards
Most computers have expansion slots on the motherboard that allow you to add various types
of expansion cards.

Expansion card is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or
expansion slot (also referred to as a bus slot) on a computers motherboard, backplane or riser card to
add functionality to a computer system.

These are sometimes called PCI (peripheral component interconnect) cards.

You may never need to add any PCI cards because most motherboards have built-in video, sound,
network, and other capabilities.

However, if you want to boost the performance of your computer or update the capabilities of an
older computer, you can always add one or more cards.
Video card
Most computers have a GPU (graphics processing unit) built into the motherboard instead of having
a separate video card.

If you like playing graphics-intensive games, you can add a faster video card to one of the expansion
slots to get better performance.

The video card is responsible for what you see on the monitor.
Sound card
The sound card—also called an audio card—is responsible for what you hear in the speakers or
headphones.

Most motherboards have integrated sound, but you can upgrade to a dedicated sound card for higher-
quality sound.

Both internal and external audio cards convert the computer language into audible sounds. For
those who want to hear the nuances of their movies, videos.
Network card
The network card allows your computer to communicate over a network and access the Internet.

It can either connect with an Ethernet cable or through a wireless connection (often called Wi-Fi).

Many motherboards have built-in network connections, and a network card can also be added to an
expansion slot.
LESSON 5: LAPTOPS & SMARTPHONES
WHAT IS A LAPTOP?
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAPTOP & DESKTOP
WHAT IS A MOBILE DEVICE
TABLET COMPUTERS & SMARTPHONES
What is a laptop computer?
A laptop is a personal computer that can be easily moved and used in a variety of locations.

Most laptops are designed to have all the functionality of a desktop computer; They can generally run
the same software and open the same types of files.

However, laptops also tend to be more expensive than comparable desktop computers.
Difference between laptop & desktop?
Because laptops are designed for portability, there are some important differences between them and
desktop computers.

A laptop has an all-in-one design, with a built-in monitor, keyboard, touchpad (which replaces the
mouse), and speakers.

This means it is fully functional, even when no peripherals are connected.

A laptop is also quicker to set up, and there are fewer cables to get in the way.

You'll also have to the option to connect a regular mouse, larger monitor, and other peripherals.

This basically turns your laptop into a desktop computer, with one main difference: You can easily
disconnect the peripherals and take the laptop with you wherever you go.
Differences you can expect
Touchpad: A touchpad—also called a trackpad—is a touch-sensitive pad that lets you control the
pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger.

Price: Generally speaking, laptops tend to be more expensive than a desktop computer with the
same internal components.

While you may find that some basic laptops cost less than desktop computers, these are usually much
less powerful machines.
Differences you can expect (Cont…)
Battery: Every laptop has a battery, which allows you to use the laptop when it's not plugged in.

Whenever you plug in the laptop, the battery recharges.

Another benefit of having a battery is that it can provide backup power to the laptop if the power
goes out.

After the laptop has gone through a full single charge and the power adapter is unplugged, the
average laptop battery life is between one and ten hours.
Differences you can expect (Cont…)
AC adapter: A laptop usually has a specialized power cable called an AC adapter, which is designed
to be used with that specific type of laptop.

Ports: Most laptops have the same types of ports found on desktop computers (such as USB),
although they usually have fewer ports to save space.

However, some ports may be different, and you may need an adapter in order to use them.
What is a mobile device?
A mobile device is a general term for any type of handheld computer.

These devices are designed to be extremely portable, and they can often fit in your hand.

Some mobile devices—like tablets, e-readers, and smartphones—are powerful enough to do many
of the same things you can do with a desktop or laptop computer.
Tablet computers
Like laptops, tablet computers are designed to be portable.

However, they provide a different computing experience.

The most obvious difference is that tablet computers don't have keyboards or touchpads.

The entire screen is touch-sensitive, allowing you to type on a virtual keyboard and use your finger
as a mouse pointer.

Tablet computers can't do everything traditional computers do.

Smartphones
A smartphone is a more powerful version of a traditional cell phone.

In addition to the same basic features—phone calls, voicemail, text messaging—smartphones

can connect to the Internet over Wi-Fi or a cellular network (which requires purchasing a
monthly data plan).

This means you can use a smartphone for the same things you would normally do on a computer,
such as checking your email, browsing the Web, or shopping online.
LESSON 6: OPERATING SYSTEMS
WHAT IS AN OPARATING SYSTEM?
THE JOB OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR MOBILE DEVICES
What is an operating system?
An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer.

It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all its software and hardware.

It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's
language.

Without an operating system, a computer is useless.

Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all the software and hardware on the computer.

Most of the time, there are several different computer programs running at the same time, and they
all need to access your computer's central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage.

The operating system coordinates all of this to make sure each program gets what it needs.
Types of operating systems
Operating systems usually come pre-loaded on any computer you buy.

Most people use the operating system that comes with their computer, but it's possible to upgrade or
even change operating systems.

The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, macOS,
and Linux.

Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey).

A GUI lets you use your mouse to click icons, buttons, and menus, and everything is clearly displayed
on the screen using a combination of graphics and text.

Each operating system's GUI has a different look and feel, so if you switch to a different operating
system it may seem unfamiliar at first.
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s.

There have been many different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows
10 (released in 2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007).

Windows comes pre-loaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating
system in the world.
macOS
macOS (previously called OS X) is a line of operating systems created by Apple.

It comes preloaded on all Macintosh computers, or Macs.

Some of the specific versions include Mojave (released in 2018), High Sierra (2017),and Sierra (2016).

macOS users account for less than 10% of global operating systems—much lower than the
percentage of Windows users (more than 80%).
Linux
Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-source operating systems, which means they can be
modified and distributed by anyone around the world.

This is different from proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by the
company that owns it.

The advantages of Linux are that it is free, and there are many different distributions—or versions—
you can choose from.

According to StatCounter Global Stats, Linux users account for less than 2% of global operating
systems. However, most servers run Linux because it's relatively easy to customize.
OS for mobile devices
Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and MP3 players are different from desktop and
laptop computers, so they run operating systems that are designed specifically for mobile devices.

Examples of mobile operating systems include Apple iOS and Google Android. In the screenshot
below, you can see iOS running on an iPad.

Operating systems for mobile devices generally aren't as fully featured as those made for desktop and
laptop computers, and they aren't able to run all of the same software.
LESSON 7: UNDERSTANDING APPS
WHAT IS AN APPLICATION?
DESKTOP APPLICATIONS
MOBILE APPS
INSTALLING NEW APPLICATIONS
What is an application?
You may have heard people talking about using a program, an application, or an app. But what
exactly does that mean?

Simply put, an app is a type of software that allows you to perform specific tasks.

Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop applications, while
those for mobile devices are called mobile apps.

When you open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it.

Most of the time, you will have more than one application open at the same time, which is known
as multi-tasking.

App is a common term for an application, especially for simple applications that can be
downloaded inexpensively or even for free.
Desktop applications
There are countless desktop applications, and they fall into several categories.

Some are more full featured (like Microsoft Word), while others may only do one or two things (like
a clock or calendar app).

Below are just a few types of applications you might use:

Word processors: allows you to write a letter, design a flyer, and create many other types of
documents. The most well-known word processor is Microsoft Word.
Web browsers: is the tool you use to access the Internet. Most computers come with a web
browser pre-installed, but you can also download a different one if you prefer. E.g., Google
Chrome, and Mozilla Firefox
Media players: If you want to listen to MP3s or watch movies you've downloaded, you'll need to use
a media player. Windows Media Player and iTunes are popular media players.
Mobile applications
Desktop and laptop computers aren't the only devices that can run applications.

You can also download apps for mobile devices like smartphones and tablets.

Here are a few examples of mobile apps:

Gmail: You can use the Gmail app to easily view and send emails from your mobile device. It's
available for Android and iOS devices.
Instagram: You can use Instagram to quickly share photos with your friends and family. It's
available for Android and iOS.
Duolingo: With a combination of quizzes, games, and other activities, this app can help you learn
new languages. It's available for Android and iOS.
Installing new applications
Every computer and mobile device will come with some applications already built in, such as a web
browser and media player.

You can also purchase and install new apps to add more functionality.
LESSON 8: SETTING UP A COMPUTER
SETTING UP A COMPUTER
SETTING UP A LAPTOP COMPUTER
SETTING UP A DESKTOP COMPUTER
Setting up a computer
So you have a new computer and you're ready to set it up.

Most computers are set up in a similar way, so it doesn't matter what brand of computer you have.

If you're setting up a new computer that's still in the box, you'll probably find a how-to guide that
includes step-by-step details.

Even if it didn't include instructions, you can still set up the computer in a few easy steps.

I'll take you through the different steps needed to set up a typical computer.
Setting up a laptop computer
If you have a laptop, setup should be easy: Just open it and press the power button.

If the battery isn't charged, you'll need to plug in the AC adapter. You can continue using the laptop
while it charges.

If your laptop has any peripherals, like external speakers, you may want to read the instructions.
Setting up a desktop computer
Unpack the monitor and computer case from the box. Remove any plastic covering or protective
tape. Place the monitor and computer case on a desk or work area.

Locate the monitor cable. There are several types of monitor cables.

Connect one end of the cable to the monitor port on the back of the computer case and the other
end to the monitor.

Unpack the keyboard and determine whether it uses a USB (rectangular) connector or a PS/2
connector. If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the back of the computer.

Unpack the mouse and determine whether it uses a USB or PS/2 connector. If it uses a USB
connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the back of the computer.

If you have external speakers or headphones, you can connect them to your computer's audio port.
Setting up a desktop (Cont..)
Locate the two power supply cables that came with your computer. Plug the first power supply cable
into the back of the computer case and then into a surge protector. Then, using the other cable,
connect the monitor to the surge protector.

Finally, plug the surge protector into a wall outlet. You may also need to turn on the surge
protector if it has a power switch.

If you have a printer, scanner, webcam, or other peripherals, you can connect them at this point.
Many peripherals are plug and play, which means they will be recognized by your computer as soon
as they are plugged in.

Other peripherals may include software that needs to be installed before you can begin using them.
Use the instructions included with the device to install it if necessary.
LESSON 9: YOUR FIRST COMPUTER
GETTING STARTED WITH YOUR FIRST COMPUTER
TURNING ON A COMPUTER
THE KEYBOARD AND MOUSE
USING A COMPUTER
Started with your first computer
A computer is more than just another household appliance. The vast amount of information and
possibilities can be overwhelming.

You can accomplish a lot with a computer, and using one can be a good experience.

Turning on a computer for the first time can be different from one computer to the next. Your
experience could be different from others.

If you're using a desktop computer, you'll need to make sure that the keyboard, mouse, and monitor
are plugged into the computer case before you continue.

It's OK to ask someone for help.

Turning on a computer
The very first step is to turn on the computer. To do this, locate and press the power button.

It's in a different place on every computer, but it will have the universal power button symbol.

Once turned on, your computer takes time before it's ready to use. You may see a few different
displays flash on the screen.

This process is called booting up, and it can take anywhere from 15 seconds to several minutes.

Once the computer has booted up, it may be ready to use, or it may require you to log in. This means
identifying yourself by typing your user name or selecting your profile, then typing your password.
The keyboard and mouse
You interact with a computer mainly by using the keyboard and mouse, or a trackpad on laptops.
Most people place the keyboard on the desk directly in front of them and the mouse to one side of the
keyboard.

The mouse controls the pointer on the screen. Whenever you move the mouse across the desk, the
pointer will move in a similar manner.

On laptops, you can use the trackpad, located below the keyboard, instead of a mouse. Simply drag
your finger across the trackpad to move the pointer on the screen.

The keyboard allows you to type letters, numbers, and words into the computer.
Using a computer
The main screen you'll start from is the desktop. This is sort of like a main menu or a table of
contents. From here, you can access the programs and features you need to use your computer.

Icons are used to represent the different files, applications, and commands on your computer. An icon
is a small image that's intended to give you an idea at a glance of what it represents, like a logo.

A button is a command that performs a specific function within an application. The most commonly
used commands in a program will be represented by buttons.

Menus are organized collections of commands and shortcuts. Click a menu to open it and display the
commands and shortcuts within. Then click an item in the menu to execute it.

When you open an application or folder, it is displayed in its own window. A window is a contained
area—like a picture within a picture—with its own menus and buttons specific to that program.
LESSON 10 : GETTING TO KNOW THE OS

GETTING TO KNOW YOUR COMPUTER'S OS

GETTING TO KNOW THE INTERFACE
ALL ABOUT YOUR COMPUTER'S FILE SYSTEM
OPENING FILES AND APPLICATIONS
ADJUSTING YOUR COMPUTER'S SETTINGS
SHUTTING DOWN YOUR COMPUTER
Getting to know the interface
Both PCs and Macs use a graphical user interface (GUI), and they each have their own look and feel.

A delete a file is moved to the Recycle Bin, allowing you to recover the file if you change your mind.
To permanently delete the file, you will need to empty the Recycle Bin.

You can keep folders, files, and shortcuts on the desktop so they'll be easily accessible.

The desktop is the main workspace of your computer. You can access files, folders, and more. You can
customize the desktop by choosing a desktop background image, also known as a wallpaper.

When you double-click a folder, it will open in a specialized program called File Explorer (also known
as Windows Explorer). This allows you to navigate to the specific folder or file you want.

In most versions of Windows, you'll click the Start button to open the Start menu.

Some programs will have shortcuts on the taskbar for easy access. E.g., shortcuts to Microsoft Edge.
All about computer's file system
Your computer uses folders to organize all of the different files and applications it contains.

Folder icons on your computer are designed to look like file folders full of documents or pictures.

Each operating system has its own file system, which helps you find your folders and files.
Opening computer's file system
Whether you're using a PC or a Mac, the file system icon will be on the toolbar.

On a PC, the File Explorer icon looks like a folder, as in the image below.

In both operating systems, you can also open the file system by clicking a folder from your desktop.
Basic navigation
Whether you're using File Explorer or Finder, basic navigation will work the same way.

You can use the Navigation pane on the left side of the window to select a different location.

Otherwise, if you see the file you want, you can double-click it with your mouse.
Deleting files
Windows use a Trash can—or Recycle Bin—to prevent you from accidentally deleting your files.

When you delete a file, it is moved to the Trash can. If you change your mind, you can move the file
back to its original location.

If you want to permanently delete the file, you will need to empty the Trash or Recycle Bin. To do
this, right-click the icon and select Empty.
Opening files and applications
Each application on your computer has file types—or formats—it is able to open.

When you double-click a file, your computer will automatically use the correct application to open it.

E.g., when opening a Microsoft Word document (Cover Letter), it will open in Microsoft Word.

To open an app in Windows, click the Start button, then select the app.

Or simply type the name of the application to search for it.

Adjusting your computer settings
When you start using a new computer, you may want to begin by adjusting the computer's settings.

Adjusting your settings can range from simple tasks such as changing your desktop background to
more advanced tasks like adjusting your security or keyboard settings.

In Windows 8.1 and earlier, click the Start button, then locate and select the Control Panel.

In Windows 10, click the Start button, then select Settings.

Shutting down your computer
When you're done using your computer, it's important to shut it down properly.

To shut down Windows, click the Start button, then select Shut down from the menu.

In some versions, this may say Turn Off Computer or look like the power symbol.
LESSON 11: CONNECTING TO INTERNET

HOW DO I CONNECT TO THE INTERNET?

TYPES OF INTERNET SERVICE
HARDWARE NEEDED
SETTING UP YOUR INTERNET CONNECTION
ROUTER
MODEM
How do I connect to the Internet?
Once you've set up your computer, you may want to purchase Internet access so you can send and
receive email, browse the Web, stream videos, and more.

You may even want to set up a home wireless network, commonly known as Wi-Fi, so you can
connect multiple devices to the Internet at the same time.

The type of Internet service you choose will largely depend on which Internet service
providers (ISPs) serve your area, along with the types of service they offer.
Types of Internet service
Here are some common types of Internet service:

Dial-up: This is the slowest type of Internet connection. Dial-up uses your phone line, unless you have
multiple phone lines you will not be able to use your landline and the Internet at the same time.

DSL: uses a broadband connection, which makes it much faster than dial-up. It connects via a phone
line but does not require a landline at home. You'll be able to use the Internet and phone line at once.

Cable: it connects to the Internet via cable TV, but you do not need to have cable TV in order to get it. It
uses a broadband connection and can be faster than both dial-up and DSL service.

Satellite: it uses broadband but does not require cable or phone lines; it connects to the
Internet through satellites orbiting the Earth. As a result, it can be used almost anywhere in the world.

3G and 4G: is most used with mobile phones, and it connects wirelessly through your ISP's network.
Modem
You really don't need much additional hardware to connect to the Internet. The primary piece of
hardware you need is a modem.

Dial-up access uses a telephone modem, DSL service uses a DSL modem, cable access uses a cable
modem, and satellite service uses a satellite adapter.

Your ISP may give you a modem when you sign a contract. However, if you would prefer to shop for
a better or less expensive modem, you can choose to buy one separately.
Router
A router is a hardware device that allows you to connect several computers and other devices to a single
Internet connection.

Many routers are wireless, which allows you to create a home wireless network, known as a Wi-Fi network.

You don't necessarily need to buy a router to connect to the Internet. It's possible to connect your computer
directly to your modem using an Ethernet cable.
LESSON 12: GETTING STARTED WITH
THE INTERNET
GETTING STARTED WITH THE INTERNET
CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET
BROWSING THE WEB
NAVIGATING WEBSITES
OTHER THINGS YOU CAN DO WITH INTERNET
Connecting to the Internet
A device has to be connected to the Internet before you can access it. Other devices usually connect
through Wi-Fi or cellular Internet connections. Sometimes libraries, cafes, and schools offer free Wi-Fi for
their patrons, customers, and students. If you plan to use the Internet at home, you'll usually need to purchase
an Internet connection from an Internet service provider, which will likely be a phone company, cable
company, or the government.
Browsing the web
Most information on the Internet is on websites. Once you are connected to the Internet, you can access
websites using a kind of application called a web browser.

A website is a collection of related text, images, and other resources. Websites can resemble other forms of
mediaor they can be interactive in a way that's unique to computers.

A web browser allows you to connect to and view websites. The web browser itself is not the Internet, but it
displays pages on the Internet. Each website has a unique address.
Navigating websites
Websites often have links to other sites, also called hyperlinks. These are often parts of the text on the website.

If you click the text, your browser will load a different page. Each website has a unique address, called a URL.
You'll notice that when you click a link, the URL changes as your browser loads a new page.

This web of links is one of the most unique features of the Internet, lending to the old name World Wide Web.
Other things you can do with Internet
One of the best features of the Internet is the ability to communicate almost instantly with anyone in the world.

Email is one of the oldest and most universal ways to communicate and share information on the Internet, and
billions of people use it. Social media allows people to connect in a variety of ways

There are thousands of ways to keep up with news or shop for anything online. You can pay bills, manage your
bank accounts, meet new people, watch TV, or learn new skills. You can learn or do almost anything online.
LESSON 13: UNDERSTANDING THE CLOUD

WHAT IS THE CLOUD?

WHY USE THE CLOUD?
WHAT IS A WEB APP?
What is the cloud?
You may have heard people using terms like the cloud, cloud computing, or cloud storage. But what exactly is
the cloud?

Simply put, the cloud is the Internet—more specifically, it's all of the things you can access remotely over the
Internet.

When something is in the cloud, it means it's stored on Internet servers instead of your computer's hard drive.
Why use the cloud?
Some of the main reasons to use the cloud are convenience and reliability. For example, if you've ever used
a web-based email service, such as Gmail or Yahoo! Mail, you've already used the cloud.

All of the emails in a web-based service are stored on servers rather than on your computer's hard drive. This
means you can access your email from any computer with an Internet connection.

Look at some of the most common reasons to use the cloud:

 File storage: You can store all types of information in the cloud, including files and email. This means you can
access these things from any device with an Internet connection, not just your home
computer. Dropbox and Google Drive
 File sharing: The cloud makes it easy to share files with several people at the same time.
 Backing up data: You can also use the cloud to protect your files. This way, if your computer ever is lost, stolen,
or damaged, you'll still be able to recover these files from the cloud.
What is a web app?
Previously, we talked about how desktop applications. There are also web applications—or web apps—that
run in the cloud and do not need to be installed on your computer.

Many of the most popular sites on the Internet are actually web apps. You may have even used a web app without
realizing it!

Let's take a look at some popular web apps:

 Facebook: Facebook lets you create an online profile and interact with your friends. Profiles and
conversations can be updated at any time, so Facebook uses web app technologies to keep the information
up to date.
 Pixlr: Pixlr is an image editing application that runs in your web browser. Much like Adobe Photoshop, it
includes many advanced features, like color correction and sharpening tools.
 Google Docs: Google Docs is an office suite that runs in your browser. Much like Microsoft Office, you can use
it to create documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and more.
LESSON14: KEEP YOUR COMPUTER CLEAN

KEEPING YOUR COMPUTER PHYSICALLY CLEAN

CLEANING THE KEYBOARD
DEALING WITH LIQUIDS
CLEANING THE MOUSE
CLEANING THE MONITOR
CLEANING OTHER COMPUTER SURFACES
Keep your computer physically clean
Dust isn't just unattractive—it can potentially damage or even destroy parts of your computer.

Cleaning your computer regularly will help you keep it working properly and avoid expensive repairs.
Cleaning the keyboard
Dust, food, liquid, and other particles can get stuck underneath the keys on your keyboard, which can prevent it
from working properly. The basic cleaning tips below can help keep your keyboard clean.

Unplug the keyboard from the USB or PS/2 port. If the keyboard is plugged into the PS/2 port, you will
need to shut down the computer before unplugging it.
Turn the keyboard upside down and gently shake it to remove dirt and dust.
Use a can of compressed air to clean between the keys.
Moisten a cotton cloth or paper towel with rubbing alcohol and use it to clean the tops of the keys.
Do not pour alcohol or any other liquid directly onto the keys.
Reconnect the keyboard to the computer once it is dry. If you are connecting it to a PS/2 port, you will
need to connect it before turning on the computer.
Dealing with liquids
If you spill liquid on the keyboard, quickly shut down the computer and disconnect the keyboard. Then turn the
keyboard upside down and allow the liquid to drain.

If the liquid is sticky, you will need to hold the keyboard on its side under running water to rinse away the sticky
liquid. Then turn the keyboard upside down to drain for two days before reconnecting it. Please note that the
keyboard may not be fixable at this point, but the method above is probably the best option.

To prevent this situation altogether, we recommend keeping drinks away from the computer area.
Cleaning the mouse
There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical. Each is cleaned in basically the same way, although
the mechanical mouse requires a bit more work.

Optical mice require no internal cleaning because they do not contain any rotating parts; however, they can
get sticky over time as dust collects near the light emitter.

This can cause erratic cursor movement or prevent the mouse from working properly.

Mechanical mice are especially susceptible to dust and particles that can accumulate inside the mouse, which
can make it difficult to track—or move—properly.

If the mouse pointer does not move smoothly, the mouse may need to be cleaned.

If you just want to give the mouse a quick cleaning, place it on a clean sheet of paper and move the mouse back
and forth. Some of the dust and particles should rub off onto the paper.
Cleaning the monitor
Dirt, fingerprints, and dust can make your computer screen difficult to read; however, it's easy to clean your
screen when needed. There are monitor-cleaning kits you can buy designed for different types of monitor.

Do not use glass cleaner to clean a monitor. Many screens have anti-glare coatings that can be damaged by glass
cleaner.

Do not spray any liquids directly onto the screen. The liquid could leak into the monitor and damage the internal
components.
Turn off the computer.

Unplug the monitor from the power. If you are using a laptop, unplug the laptop.

Use a soft clean cloth moistened with water to wipe the screen clean.
Cleaning other computer surfaces
From time to time, you should clean your computer case and the sides and back of the monitor to avoid a buildup
of dust and dirt.

Here are a few tips you can use when cleaning these surfaces:
• Dust is your computer's main enemy. Use an anti-static cloth to lightly dust your computer casing. Do not use
furniture cleaners or strong solvents.
• Use a can of compressed air to blow out debris from the air intake slots.
• Ammonia diluted with water—or glass cleaner comprised mostly of ammonia and water—is a safe cleaning
solution for computer surfaces. The milder the solution, the better.
• Clean the monitor housing and case (but not the monitor screen) by spraying a safe cleaning solution onto a
paper towel or anti-static cloth and wiping in a downward motion.
LESSON 15: A PROTECT YOUR COMPUTER

PROTECTING YOUR COMPUTER

SAFEGUARDING AGAINST MALWARE
BACKING UP YOUR COMPUTER
OTHER MAINTENANCE TECHNIQUES
Protecting your computer
Your computer faces many potential threats, including viruses, malware, and hard drive failure. This is why it's
important to do everything you can to protect your computer and your files.

Learn how to protect your computer from viruses, as well as how to back up your files.
Safeguarding against malware
Malware is any type of software that is designed to damage your computer or gain unauthorized access to your
personal information. It includes viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and spyware.

Most malware is distributed over the Internet and is often bundled with other software.

The best way to guard against malware is to install antivirus software, such as Bitdefender, Norton. Antivirus
software helps to prevent malware from being installed, and it can also remove malware from your computer.

It's also important to stay smart when you're browsing the Web or using email. If a website or email attachment
looks suspicious, trust your instincts.
Backing up your computer
If your computer suddenly stopped working. It may be possible to repair your computer, but your files may
be lost forever. You can backup copies of all of your files on an external hard drive or online backup service.

You can purchase an external hard drive and copy the contents of your computer to it. The initial backup could
take several hours, so you will need to select a period of time when you do not need access to your computer.

One drawback is that an external hard drive can be lost, damaged, or stolen—just as your computer might be. This
is why it's important to keep your drive in a secure location when not in use.

You can also back up your files to an online backup service like Mozy, Carbonite, or Box. These services will
back up your files in the cloud, which means you'll be able to recover them from any computer with an Internet
connection.
Other maintenance techniques
To keep your computer running smoothly, it's important to keep files and folders uncluttered. Cluttered or unorganized
folders make it more difficult to find the files you need.

Unwanted files can eventually fill up your hard drive, which will make your computer slower and more difficult to use.

Here are a few things you can do to delete unwanted files and improve your computer's performance:
Delete files: If you have any unwanted files, you can delete them manually. To do this, drag them to the Recycle
Bin or Trash, then empty it to permanently delete the files.
Run the Disk Defragmenter: Windows includes a Disk Defragmenter program in the Control Panel. If your
computer is running slowly, running Disk Defragmenter can help to speed it up.
Run a Disk Cleanup: Windows also includes a Disk Cleanup program in the Control Panel. It scans your
computer for temporary files and other files that can be deleted. You can then delete the files to free up space
on your hard drive.
LESSON 16: A SAFE WORKSPACE

CREATING A SAFE WORKSPACE

AVOIDING STRAIN AND INJURY
ADJUST YOUR CHAIR
KEYBOARD AND A MOUSE
MONITOR AT A COMFORTABLE DISTANCE
TAKE FREQUENT BREAKS
Creating a safe workspace
In addition to keeping your computer healthy, it's important to think about your own health.

Using a computer involves a lot of repetitive motions such as typing and using the mouse.

Over time, these motions can begin to negatively impact your body, especially your wrists, neck, and back.

Staring at a monitor for long periods of time can also cause eye strain.

To minimize these risks, you should take a few moments to make sure your workspace is arranged in a
comfortable and healthy way.
Avoiding strain and injury
Computer ergonomics is the science of equipment design and how specific equipment usage and placement
can reduce a user's discomfort and increase productivity.

Some equipment is designed with special attention to ergonomics, like ergonomic keyboards and ergonomic
chairs.
Adjust your chair
Make sure your chair is adjusted to allow you to sit in a natural, comfortable position.

Many office chairs are specially designed to support the lower back and promote good posture.
Keyboard and the mouse
Place the keyboard in a position that allows you to keep your wrists straight and relaxed to avoid wrist strain.

You can also buy an ergonomic keyboard that is designed to minimize wrist strain.

Keep the mouse close to the keyboard. If possible, place the mouse right next to the keyboard.

If the mouse is too far away, it may be uncomfortable or awkward to reach for it.
Monitor at a comfortable distance
Place the monitor at a comfortable distance. The ideal position for a monitor is 20 to 40 inches away from
your eyes.

It should also be at eye level or slightly lower.

Take frequent breaks
It's important to take breaks while you're working at your computer.

To avoid eye strain, you should look away from the monitor every once in a while.

You can also stand up and walk around to avoid sitting in the same position for long periods of time.

A stopwatch or timer can automatically remind you to take breaks.

LESSON 17: BASIC TROUBLESHOOTING
TECHNIQUES
TROUBLESHOOTING
GENERAL TIPS TO KEEP IN MIND
USING THE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION
SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO COMMON PROBLEMS
SOLVING MORE DIFFICULT PROBLEMS
Basic Troubleshooting
Do you know what to do if your screen goes blank?

What if you can't seem to close an application, or can't hear any sound from your speakers?

Whenever you have a problem with your computer, don't panic!

There are many basic troubleshooting techniques you can use to fix issues like this.

There are many different things that could cause a problem with your computer.

No matter what's causing the issue, troubleshooting will always be a process of trial and error

We’ll go through some simple things to try when troubleshooting, as well as how to solve common problems
you may encounter.
General tips to keep in mind
Write down your steps: Once you start troubleshooting, you may want to write down each step you take. This
way, you'll be able to remember exactly what you've done and can avoid repeating the same mistakes. If you end
up asking other people for help, it will be much easier if they know exactly what you've tried already.

Take notes about error messages: If your computer gives you an error message, be sure to write down as much
information as possible. You may be able to use this information later to find out if other people are having the
same error.

Always check the cables: If you're having trouble with a specific piece of computer hardware, such as your
monitor or keyboard, an easy first step is to check all related cables to make sure they're properly connected.

Restart the computer: When all else fails, restarting the computer is a good thing to try. This can solve a lot of
basic issues you may experience with your computer.
Using the process of elimination
If you're having an issue with your computer, you may be able to find out what's wrong using the process of
elimination.

This means you'll make a list of things that could be causing the problem and then test them out one by one to
eliminate them.

Let's say you're trying to print out invitations for a birthday party, but the printer won't print.

First, you check the printer to see that it's turned on and plugged in to the surge protector.

Next, you check to make sure the printer's ink cartridge still has ink and that there is paper loaded in the paper
tray.

If you recently downloaded an update to your operating system, it might interfere with the printer.

You check the printer's USB cord and find that it's not plugged in.
Solutions to common problems
Most of the time, problems can be fixed using simple troubleshooting techniques, like closing and reopening
the program.

It's important to try these simple solutions before resorting to more extreme measures.

If the problem still isn't fixed, you can try other troubleshooting techniques.

Once you've identified the source of your computer issue, it will be easier to find a solution.

In some cases, you may need to use several different approaches before you can find a solution; other problems
may be easy to fix.
Power button won’t start computer
Solution 1: If your computer does not start, begin by checking the power cord to confirm that it is plugged
securely into the back of the computer case and the power outlet.

Solution 2: If it is plugged into an outlet, make sure it is a working outlet. To check your outlet, you can plug in
another electrical device, such as a lamp.

Solution 3: If the computer is plugged in to a surge protector, verify that it is turned on. You may have
to reset the surge protector by turning it off and then back on. You can also plug a lamp or other device into the
surge protector to verify that it's working correctly.

Solution 4: If you are using a laptop, the battery may not be charged. Plug the AC adapter into the wall, then try
to turn on the laptop. If it still doesn't start up, you may need to wait a few minutes and try again.
An application is running slowly
Solution 1: Close and reopen the application.

Solution 2: Update the application. To do this, click the Help menu and look for an option to check for Updates. If
you don't find this option, another idea is to run an online search for application updates.
An application is frozen
Sometimes an application may become stuck, or frozen. When this happens, you won't be able to close the
window or click any buttons within the application.

Solution 1: Force quit the application. Press (and hold) Ctrl+Alt+Delete on your keyboard to open the Task
Manager. You can then select the unresponsive application and click End task to close it.

Solution 2: Restart the computer.

All programs run slowly
Solution 1: Run an antivirus. You may have malware running in the background that is slowing things down.

Solution 2: Your computer may be running out of hard drive space. Delete any files or programs you don't need.

Solution 3: If you're using a PC, you can run Disk Defragmenter.

The computer is frozen
Sometimes your computer may become completely unresponsive, or frozen. When this happens, you won't be
able to click anywhere on the screen, open or close applications, or access shut-down options.

Solution 1 : Restart Windows Explorer. To do this, press and hold Ctrl+Alt+Delete on your keyboard to open
the Task Manager. Next, locate and select Windows Explorer from the Processes tab and click Restart.

Solution 3: Press and hold the Power button.

Solution 4: If the computer still won't shut down, you can unplug the power cable from the electrical outlet.
Mouse or keyboard not working
Solution 1: If you're using a wired mouse or keyboard, make sure it's correctly plugged into the computer.

Solution 2: If you're using a wireless mouse or keyboard, make sure it's turned on and that its batteries are charged.
The sound isn't working
Solution 1: Check the volume level. Click the audio button in the top-right or bottom-right corner of the screen to
make sure the sound is turned on and that the volume is up.

Solution 2: Check the audio player controls. Many audio and video players will have their own separate audio
controls. Make sure the sound is turned on and that the volume is turned up in the player.

Solution 3: Check the cables. Make sure external speakers are plugged in, turned on, and connected to the correct
audio port or a USB port. If your computer has color-coded ports, the audio output port will usually be green.

Solution 4: Connect headphones to the computer to find out if you can hear sound through the headphones.
The screen is blank
Solution 1: The computer may be in Sleep mode. Click the mouse or press any key on the keyboard to wake it.

Solution 2: Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on.

Solution 3: Make sure the computer is plugged in and turned on.

Solution 4: If you're using a desktop, make sure the monitor cable is properly connected to the computer tower and
the monitor.
Solving more difficult problems
If you still haven't found a solution to your problem, you may need to ask someone else for help. As an easy
starting point, we'd recommend searching the Web.

Keep in mind that most computer problems have simple solutions, although it may take some time to find
them. For difficult problems, a more drastic solution may be required, like reformatting your hard drive or
reinstalling your operating system.
LESSON 18: COMPUTER'S BUILT-IN
HELP
HOW TO ACCESS BUILT-IN HELP
FEATURES OF A HELP FILE
Use your computer's built-in help
When you want help with a computer program, it’s usually easy to find. Most programs have a help feature
somewhere, and learning how to use it can make a big difference.

You may not find everything you need, but your computer’s built-in help is a great place to start.

Different programs integrate help features in different ways. Some are like interactive manuals included with
the program that you can open with a menu, while others are just links to the developer’s support website.

They’re always designed with the same thing in mind: to help you learn the features of the program and to solve
problems yourself.
How to access built-in help
Most programs have one of two ways to access built-in help. For example, Adobe Photoshop Elements has
a Help menu with a variety of options. Many of these options open Adobe’s support page in your web browser,
while others access features within the program itself.

Other programs have a help button. For example, Microsoft Office 2016 has the Help tab with a Help button to
open a search.
Features of a help file
Help files can be organized in a variety of ways, including as a table of contents, FAQ, or searchable database.

When you open the help panel in Office 2016, you'll see a search box. Much like a search engine, you type
keywords in the search bar, and it will display topics relevant to the keywords you entered.
LESSON 19: BRING YOUR FILES
WITH YOU
BRINGING YOUR FILES WITH YOU
USING A FLASH DRIVE
TO WORK WITH A FLASH DRIVE
TO SAFELY REMOVE A FLASH DRIVE
SAVING FILES TO THE CLOUD
Bringing your files with you
When you're working on a document or other computer file, you can always save it to your computer's hard
drive. Sometimes, you may want to bring your file with you and open it on a different computer.

Two ways to save your files so you can access them from almost anywhere:
Flash drive: Flash drives are small, removable hard drives that plug into the USB ports on your computer.
They are relatively inexpensive (usually less than $20) and can be purchased at any store with an electronics
section.
Cloud storage: Cloud storage means you save your files on servers on the Internet using an account with
a cloud service. With cloud storage, you can access your files from any computer with Internet access
without having to keep track of a physical device.

Flash drives and the cloud can also be used to back up your files.
Using a flash drive
Flash drives make it easy to carry your important files and documents with you in a portable form. You should
always back up the files on your flash drive elsewhere just in case it gets lost or breaks.

Insert the flash drive into a USB port on your computer. You should find a USB port on the front, back, or side
of your computer.

If you're using Windows, a dialog box may appear. If it does, select Open folder to view files. If a dialog box
does not appear, open Windows Explorer and select the flash drive on the left side of the window.
To work with a flash drive
Once you've connected a flash drive, you can work with it just like any other folder on your computer, including
moving and deleting files.

If you want to copy a file from your computer to the flash drive, click and drag the file from your computer to
this window.

The file will be duplicated, and this new version will be saved to the flash drive. The original version of the file
will still be saved to your computer.

If you want to copy a file from your flash drive to your computer, click and drag the file from this window to
your computer.

If you want to remove a file from your flash drive, click and drag the file to the Recycle Bin on a PC. A dialog
box may appear. If it does, click Yes to confirm that you want to permanently delete the file.
To safely remove a flash drive
When you're done using a flash drive, don't remove it from the USB port just yet. You'll need to make sure to
disconnect it properly to avoid damaging files on the drive.

Right-click the flash drive and select Disconnect (or Eject).

You can now safely remove the flash drive from the USB port.
Saving files to the cloud
There are many services that allow you to create a free account and save documents, images, and other files to
the cloud.

Some of the most popular are Google Drive, OneDrive, and Dropbox. The free storage space that comes with
these accounts (usually around 15GB) should be plenty if you're using your account for regular personal, work,
or school purposes.

If you own a business and want to keep all of your documents in the cloud, you may want to pay your cloud
service for more storage.

Unlike physical media, the cloud can't break or get lost, so you don't necessarily need to back up the files you
keep on it.

Files in the cloud are also easier to share so you can collaborate with friends and coworkers.
LESSON 20: ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES

WHAT ARE ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES?

COMMON ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES
USING ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVICES
What are accessibility features?
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily.

For example, a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision, while a speech-
recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer with their voice.

We’ll discuss some common accessibility features.

We'll also discuss assistive technology that you can attach to your computer for greater accessibility.
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads, many are built into the operating
system of your computer or mobile device.

Here are just a few types of accessibility features you may already have on your device:
Features for blind or low-vision computer users: Features such as text-to-speech allow users to hear
what's on the screen instead of reading it. Other features, like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors,
make it easier for users with limited vision to see the screen.
Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users: Closed-captioning helps to convey audio information
to deaf users in visual form.
Features for limited-mobility computer users: Keyboard shortcuts are convenient for many people, but
they are especially helpful to those with difficulty physically manipulating a mouse. For users who have
difficulty pressing several keys at once, sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time to activate a
shortcut.
Using accessibility features
Most computers and mobile devices come with built-in accessibility features, although they'll usually need to
be turned on before you can use them. Let's take a look at how to locate these features for your device.

In Windows, open the Settings app (or Control Panel in Windows 8 and earlier), then click Ease of Access.

On mobile devices that use Android or iOS, open the Settings app, then locate the Accessibility section. On
iOS devices, you'll find it within the General settings category.
Assistive technology devices
Some accessibility features require extra hardware, or assistive technology. Most assistive-technology devices
are similar to keyboards and speakers—they are peripherals that can be plugged into the main computer.

Here are some common types of assistive technology you may encounter.
Screen magnifiers: Screen magnifiers can be placed over your computer's monitor to ensure the content on
the screen always appears magnified.
Alternative keyboards: For people who have difficulty using standard keyboards, there are a range
of alternative options. For example, users can purchase keyboards with larger keys that are easier to see or
press.
Switch-adapted peripherals: Switch devices allow people with limited mobility to control technology with
very small motions, such as a puff of breath or a head movement. Switch-adapted mice and
keyboards make it possible for disabled users to interact with computers even if they are unable to operate
peripherals with their hands.