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Engine Basics

This document provides an overview of Scania diesel engines. It describes the four-stroke operating principle and discusses engine components like the cylinder block, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, and turbocharger. It also outlines the fuel, lubrication, cooling, and other systems. Reasons for engine overhaul include excessive oil consumption, smoke, power loss, or noises based on operating time or history. Proper procedures and specifications from the workshop manual should be followed for any overhaul.

Uploaded by

Dirar Gebreselassie
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
71 views41 pages

Engine Basics

This document provides an overview of Scania diesel engines. It describes the four-stroke operating principle and discusses engine components like the cylinder block, pistons, crankshaft, camshaft, and turbocharger. It also outlines the fuel, lubrication, cooling, and other systems. Reasons for engine overhaul include excessive oil consumption, smoke, power loss, or noises based on operating time or history. Proper procedures and specifications from the workshop manual should be followed for any overhaul.

Uploaded by

Dirar Gebreselassie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trans Ethiopia plc

Scania Business Unit


Scania Engine Basics

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie Oct 13,2018


Introduction

Scania engines give customers:


high performance in both power & torque
uptime
long service life & good serviceability
good operating economy
low emission levels

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Four stroke principle

oInduction phase
oCompression phase
oCombustion phase
oExhaust phase

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Engine designation

Full type designation: DC13 107 L01


Version
displacement

Performance & certification code

application

Variant number

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Version
•DC=Diesel engine, turbocharged with air cooled charge-air cooler
•DI=Diesel engine, turbocharged with liquid cooled charge-air cooler
•OC=Otto engine, turbocharged with air cooled charge-air cooler
•OI=Otto engine, turbocharged with liquid cooled charge-aircooler
•U=Universal, not vehicles

Displacement
•Swept volume of engine in whole litters
•Designated with two digits
Example, 13=13 litter-engine
16=16 litter-engine

Performance & certification code


•Designated with three digits b/n 001-999
•The digits can be preceded with letters
Example, DC09 E02, / G,gas)/(E,ethanol)

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Application
•A=engine common, not vehicles
•D=engine for truck, low entry cab/Distribution/
•F=engine for bus, longitudinal front engine
•G=engine for hybrid, parallel hybrid
•H=engine for hybrid, series hybrid
•L=engine for truck, general application
•M=engine for marine application
•K=engine for bus, longitudinal rear engine
•N=engine for bus, horizontal rear engine
•W=engine for truck, all wheel drive

Variant number
•Designated with two digits b/n 01-99
•Shows differences in the equipment, not the basic design
•Only applies to vehicle engines

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Scania engine types/two types

Inline either 5 cyl or 6 cyl


V8

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Engine components

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Cylinder block

•The cyl-block is cast in one piece


& there is a separate cylinder head for each
cylinder

•The engine has wet cyl-liners

•The cyl-liner is replaceable

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Pistons
A piston is divided into:
•1 piston crown
•2 combustion chamber recess
•3 piston top land
•4 piston ring zone
•5 piston body
•6 piston-pin boss

Piston ring

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Connecting rod/Con rod

1.Con rod small end


2.Con rod shank
3.Slanting split con rod big end
4.Con rod bearing cover

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Crank shaft

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Camshaft & valve mechanism

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Cylinder head •Separate cyl-head
•Service ease
• has four valves per cyl

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Turbocharger
Increases power by approx 40%

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…(contd.)…

Waste gate valve

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Timing gears

•located at the rear of the engine

•helps reduce noise

•contributes longer service life

•provides advantage for PTO

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Performance Curve

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…(contd.)..

Description:
•Inline 6-cyl direct injection diesel engine
•Euro-3 emission rating
•PDE injection system
•4 valves per cyl
•Turbocharged & charge air cooler
•Piston bore 130mm
•Piston stroke 160mm
•Compression ratio18:1
•Firing sequence 1-5-3-6-2-4
•Displacement 12.7 dm3
•Max output@1900 rpm,410hp(302kW)
•Max torque@ 1000-1350 rpm,2000Nm
•Exhaust brake output@2400 rpm,263kW
•Max sulfur content of fuel is 2000 ppm(0.002)

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Fuel system

PDE

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HPI

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Common Rail/XPI
XPI is a new generation of common rail fuel injection system,
Developed by scania in cooperation with Cummins Inc. USA.

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


In general the fuel system with
PDE/HPI/XPI:
•right time
•optimal performance
•minimum fuel consumption
•correct emission level

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Lubrication system

•Reduces friction & wear


Purpose •Cooling
•Cleans combustion residue
•Sealing
•Corrosion protection
•Sound reduction
Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie
Components :
•Oil sump & strainer
•Oil pump & safety valve
•Oil cooler
•Centrifugal & relief valve
•Oil filter
•Piston cooling & oil galleries
•Dipstic

Oil pump

Oil cooler

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


…(contd.)…
Centrifugal oil cleaner

Oil filter

Piston cooling nozzle

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Oil flow

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…(Contd.)…

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….(Contd.)….

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……(Contd.)….

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….Contd…

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Schematic diagram of the oil circulation in
the lubrication system

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Reasons for oil change
oOxidation
oContamination
oDepletion of additives
Time interval/Scania operation based program
o Type 0 …light long distance transport
oType 1…long distance transport
oType 2…heavy long distance transport
oType 3…off road/construction operations
oType 4..short haul distribution operations

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Oil volumes

For more information refer


Multi service manual…General
•00:16-15
•00:16-01

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Cooling system
Heat energy?

•Coolant pump
•Radiator
•Fan
•Thermostat
•Expansion tank
•Coolant galleries
•Hoses

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Charge air cooler/intercooler

•Increases engine power


•Reduces fuel consumption emission

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


When/Why Engine Overhaul (Recondition)?

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…..CONT’D…..

Driver complain :
Excessive oil consumption
Oil pressure high/low
Smoke
Power lose/fuel consumption
Overheating
Noise
others ime
l if e t
tory /
•H is s s io n
isc u
•D

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Critical pointsWorkshop/Service Manual
•Make/Brand •preparations
•Safety issues
•Model
•Cleaning
•Engine# •Procedures
•Chassis# •Specifications/tightening torques
•Tools/equipments

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie


Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie
10 Q

Compiled by:Dirar Gselassie

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