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Lecture 01

This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on information and communications technology (ICT). The course objectives are to discuss fundamental IT concepts, show how computers can be used as tools to solve problems, and teach basic computer skills. The course outline covers topics such as computing history, computer hardware and software, networking, the internet, applications, and evaluation. It lists recommended textbooks and provides an overview of lecture topics including the history of computing technology and defining key concepts in ICT.

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banoseema413
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9 views

Lecture 01

This document provides an introduction and outline for a course on information and communications technology (ICT). The course objectives are to discuss fundamental IT concepts, show how computers can be used as tools to solve problems, and teach basic computer skills. The course outline covers topics such as computing history, computer hardware and software, networking, the internet, applications, and evaluation. It lists recommended textbooks and provides an overview of lecture topics including the history of computing technology and defining key concepts in ICT.

Uploaded by

banoseema413
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Information

& Communications Technology


Lecture # 1
Course Objectives
• Discuss Fundamental Concepts of Information
Technology (IT)
• Show how Computers are Used as Practical Tools for
Solving Personal, Business, and Academic Problems
• Learn Basic Computer Skills that Enables the Students
Explore IT World
• Enabling students to work with various office /
Productivity software's
Course Outline
• Introduction to IT
• Computing & Communication
• Understanding Computer
• Peripheral Devices
• Connectivity, Interactivity & Multimedia
• Internet Access Devices and
• connecting medias
• World Wide Web
• Browsers & Search Engines
• Web Page Basic Design
• Application Software
• Microsoft Office
Course Outline……
• Operating Systems
• Hardware Technology
• System Unit
• Storage Devices
• Data Entry Devices
• Output Devices
• Telecommunications
• Digital Communication
• Networks & Protocols
• Databases
• Data Mining
• E-Commerce
• Security Issues
• System Development
Books
• Using Information Technology by Brian K.
Williams and Stacy C. Sawyer (6th Edition)
• Peter Norton’s Introduction to Computers 2nd
Edition
• Computers by Larry Long, Nancy Long 6th
Edition
• Computer Fundamentals by P.K. Sinha
Evaluation
Lecture Topics
• Brief History
• Few Basics
• Current State of Technology
• What is ICT?
Few Basics: History
Few Basics: History
•The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator And Calculator) 1946.
The ENIAC employed 18,000
vacuum tubes;
• Unfortunately, a tube failure
occurred every 7 minutes and it
took more than 15 minutes to
find and replace the faulty tube.
• The Technology has advanced
from Vacuum tube to transistors
to chips and microchips.
Vacuum Tubes > Transistors > Microchips

Transistor:
•A tiny electrically operated
switch, or gate,that can
alternate between “on” and
“off”many billions of times
per second
• Today’s transistors are
MICROSCOPIC in size.
• Today, transistors are part
of an Integrated circuit (IC)
Few Basics: The IBM PC
•A combined effort between IBM (credibility and
marketing), Microsoft (operating system), and Intel
(microprocessor); introduced in 1981
• The PC was created as an ‘open’ machine enabling
independent contractors to develop hardware and/or
software to improve it
• PC clones quickly followed and the market soon
exploded; IBM has a fraction of the market it created
Few Basics: Computer
Computers
– A computer is an electronic machine that has the capability
to perform certain types of processing/computation on the
supplied data.
– It can also store the data as well as generated results.
– Device that can execute specific set of instructions in a
well-defined manner
Few Basics: Computer
Few Basics: Computer
• Computer systems have four parts
– Hardware
– Software
– Data
– User

1B-15
Few Basics: Hardware
Few Basics: Input Devices
Few Basics: Output Devices
Few Basics: bits & bytes
Few Basics:Memory
Few Basics:Microprocessor
Few Basics: processor/CPU
• Differentiating Characteristics:
– Instruction set - the set of instructions that the microprocessor can execute.
– Bandwidth - the number of bits processed in a single instruction.
– Clock Speed - megahertz (MHz), the clock speed determines how many
instructions per second the processor can execute. All computers contain an
• internal clock that regulates the rate at which instructions are executed
and
• synchronizes all the various computer components.
• – Megahertz (MHz) - one MHz represents one million cycles per second.
The speed of microprocessors, called the clock speed, is measured in
megahertz.
• For example, a microprocessor that runs at 300 MHz, executes 300 million
cycles per second.
Every Device is Connected to the Computer
through a Port:
1. Serial
2. Parallel
Few Basics: BUS Figure
Few Basics: Figure
Few Basics: System Software
• Operating systems:
– Works as coordinator between hardware and user software
– Example: Opening a word document, screen display,
print, and save.
– Allocates system resources (CPU, peripherals)
– Examples: use of key board, mouse, playing music,
displaying on monitor
• Utility Software:
– Software that augment the system software
– Example: preparing disks to store data
Few Basics: System Software
• Device Drivers:
– The system software that helps computer to
control a peripheral device. Usually supplied by
the vendor of the computer device
– Example: DD for mouse, DD for Laser printer
• Programming Languages:
– Tools to create the Application Software
Few Basics: Application Software
• Business software:
– Help organization to efficiently do routine tasks
• Productivity software:
– Software which enhance the productivity
– Example: Microsoft Office
• Entertainment software:
• Educational software:
• Scientific software:
• Games:
• Industrial Solutions:
• Office Automation Solutions:
• & many more…
Few Basics: Computer Networks
• Network:
– A collection of computers and other devices that
communicate with each other to share data, hardware
and Softwares.
• Most people work in a network environment
– Home network
– Local Area Network (LAN)
– Wide Area Network (WAN)
• The physical structure includes: interface cards,
cables, hubs,switches, and routers
Few Basics: Computer Networks

b. Local Area Network


C: Wide Area Network
Few Basics: Computer Networks
• Workgroup computing
– Gather remote resources in such a way that they would
better utilize each other’s power.
– A workgroup is a collection of individuals working together
on a task.
• Computer Network
– Linking computers together in such a way that they can
share the resources with each other.
• Internet
– Network of networks; largest network available in the
form of global village.
Few Basics: Internet
• Is a collection of local, regional, and national
computer networks that are linked together to
exchange data and distribute computing tasks
• Concept Check:
– What is the difference between Internet and
World Wide Web?
• World Wide Web (WWW) and Electronic
Mails (E-mail) are among the Internet
Services
Few Basics: Internet
• Top Ten Uses of Internet:
– Electronic mail.
– Research.
– Downloading files.
– Discussion groups.
– Interactive games.
– Education and self-improvement. On-line courses etc.
– Electronic newspapers and magazines.
– Job-hunting.
– Shopping.
The PC Today
Current State of Technology
Drivers:
– Miniaturization
– Speed
– Affordability
What is ICT?
• Information
• Communication
• Technologies
• ICT are the hardware and software that enable
society to create, collect, consolidate and
communicate information in multimedia
formats and for various purposes.
• The technology used to handle information
and aid communication
Impact of ICT on society
• Developments in ICT have brought about the
merger of
– the computing,
– information,
– communications,
– entertainment,
– mass media industries & many more…
• thereby providing a mean to exchange
information in a digital format.
ICT
Transition: Shift from Print to Digital
Few Basics: Definitions
• Information
– Data that have been collected and processed into a meaningful
form
• Information System
– A computer-based system that provides both data processing
capability and information for managerial decision making
• Information Society
– A society in which the generation and dissemination of
information becomes the central focus of commerce.
• Information Technology
– A collective reference to the integration of computing technology
and information processing
Few Basics: Definitions
• Telecommuting
– Computing via a communications link
between home and office.
• Communication Channel
– The facility by which data are transmitted
between locations in a computer network
• Communication Protocols
– Rules established to govern the way data in a
computer network are transmitted
Questions?

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