Dambi Dollo University

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Introduction to
Engineering Drawing
Chapter 1
BY:Keno T
Outline
• Introduction
• Classification of drawing
• Drawing instruments
• Alphabets of line
• Title block
• Freehand lettering
 Introduction
• What is drawing?
- Drawing is a universal communication media
through which ideas and thoughts are conveyed
from one person to another. OR
- It is the art of representation of an object by
systematic lines.
Importance of drawing
1. How are you going to explain an object in words?
2. How much words do you need to explain the
object completely?
3. How much you are efficient in transferring and
conveying information regarding to the object?
 These three main questions raise the development
of Engineering drawing
Classification of drawing

Drawing may be classified into two main groups

1.Artistic drawing (Free hand)
2.Engineering drawing (Instrumental drawing)
1.Artistic drawing:
- It gives more emphasis to esthetic value of the
object
- It is used to express beauty, imaginations and
abstract ideas
- Eg. Painting
 Cont’d

2. Engineering drawing
- It is a universal standardized graphical
language used to describe accurately
and clearly the form, and size of the
object.
- It is prepared by using drawing
instrument
 Cont’d
- Based on the dimension of the object
a. Plane geometrical drawing
- It is art of representation of objects having
two dimensions such as rectangle, square
ellipse and etc
b. Solid geometrical drawing
- It is art of representation of objects having
three dimensions such as prism, cube, cone,
cylinder, sphere and etc
 Cont’d
 Based on Engineering profession
drawing can be divided into the
following
1.Mechanical Engineering drawing
2.Civil Engineering drawing and
3.Electrical and Electronic Engineering
drawing
 Cont’d
1. Mechanical Engineering drawing or machine
drawing
- It is art of representation of mechanical engineering
objects such as machines and machine parts,
automobiles, airplanes, ships and etc
2. Civil Engineering drawing
- It is art of representation of civil engineering objects
such as roads, buildings, bridges, dams and etc.
3. Electrical and Electronic engineering drawing
- It is the art of representation of electrical objects such
as electronic circuits, motors, generators, poles,
towers, transformers, wiring diagrams and etc.
Types of Drawing
Based on the purpose of the drawing used for:
1. Sketches
 Describe the concept in general
2. Layout
 Show the relationships of parts and defines key
dimensions
3. Detail drawing
 Show the detail interior of the object
 Includes all of the information needed to fabricate the
object
4. Assembly drawing
 Show how parts fit together or are functionally related
Types of Drawing
5. Pictorial drawing
For technical manuals, and sales literature
It shows you the three dimensional view of the
object
6. Exploded pictorial drawings
 Parts are not shown assembled but are moved
apart along the principal axes of their assembly so
that you can see how each part looks like.
 Helpful for assembly purpose on the production
line
 Cont’d

•Three Basic Types of

Technical Drawings
1. Freehand sketches
2. Instrument drawings
3. Computer drawings
and models
Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.
Example
Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.

Example
Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, Solid works, Catia and etc.

Example
Drawing instruments
1. Drawing board
2. Drawing sheet
3. Pencils and Rubber or Eraser and Sharpener
4. Set squares
5. Compass
6. Adhesive tape
7. Protractor
8. T-square
9. Duster or handkerchief
10. Instrument box
11. Scales
12. Erasing shield
13. Irregular or French curves
14. Drawing ink
15. Circle template
16. Tracing paper and tracing cloth
Drawing Board

Drawing tables come in

many different size and
design. It could be fixed,
movable with adjustable, etc.
They are used to attach
drawing sheet.
Keep your drawing table
clean and dry not to affect
your drawing quality.
T-Square
– They can be made from different
materials, mostly from wood or
plastic.
– Parts: blade and head
– two edges of the blade should be
parallel.
– The head is fixed at 900 to the blade
– The cleanness of your T – square
greatly affect your drawing quality
and cleanliness.
 Set-square
Used for
- Drawing parallel lines at an
angles
- Position drawing paper
Adhesive Tape

- Usually hard pencils such as H &

2H are used for making Engineering
drawing.
- For the purpose of lettering &
sketching, soft pencils such as HB
or H are used

Pencils
 Compass

Sandpaper Compass used to draw circles or

arcs (which are parts of a circle)
Pencil Eraser Erasing Shield
Circle Template Tissue paper
Sharpener
Drawing Sheet
A4
Standard drawing
sheet size A3
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420 A2

A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841 A1
A0 841 x 1189

(Dimensions in millimeters)

A0
Alphabets of lines
1. Border line :- Very thick line; used to limit the
drawing area
2. Object line or Visible line:- Solid dark line; used
to show visible edges of an object
3. Hidden line:- Medium weight short dashes;
used to show hidden edges of an object
4. Center line:- Thin line composed of one long
dash & one short dash; used to indicate axis of
circles & symmetrical surfaces of an object
5. Section line or hatching line:- Thin line; used to
show the cut surface of an object
Cont’d
6. Dimension line:- Thin continuous line; used for
giving dimensions
7. Extension line:- Thin line; used to indicate the
termination of dimension line
8. Break line:
a) short break line:- Thin free hand line; used to
show broken edges & surfaces in sectional view.
b) Long break line:- Thin broken line drawn by
straight edges & joined by a free hand drawn;
used to show termination of drawings or
discontinuation of drawings of structural parts
with long axis
Cont’d

9. Cutting plane line:- Thick line; one long & two short dashes spaced
alternatively
10. Phantom line:- Thin lines composed of one long & two short
dashes; used to show alternate position of a machine part and to
replace repetitive details
11.Construction line:- Very thin, light continuous line; used for
constructing an object
Example : Line conventions in engineering drawing
 Orientation of drawing sheet
1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only)

c
d
d c Drawing
Border Drawing area
area Title block
lines c Title block

Sheet size c (mm) d (mm)

A4 5 20
A3 5 20
A2 5 20
A1 10 20
A0 10 20
 Drawing Scales
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element
of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear
dimension of the same element of the object.

Size in drawing Actual size

:
 Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow

SCALE 1:1 for full size

SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales (X > 1)
SCALE 1:X for reduction scales (X > 1)
Title Block
Free hand lettering
- A drawing without ‘lettering’ would only
communicate the appearance and shape of an
object.
- The size of the object the location of features and
the materials needed to make the object can only
be expressed by words which must be lettered in a
clear and uniform style.
- Our lettering should be legible & pleasing
appearance.
 Cont’d
- Gothic style is the standard style of lettering for engineering
drawing

Rules for lettering

1.Use single stroke, vertical, evenly spaced gothic
lettering
2.Use upper case letters only
3.Always skip a space b/n rows of words about 3mm
4.Uniform lettering height (normal lettering height is
4mm)
5.Use very light guide lines
 Upper-case Gothic letters &
Numerals
Straight line
letters

Curved line
letters

Curved line
letters &
Numerals
THANK YOU!