Internet and web technology

Dr. Asha Dagar

Assistant Professor
UDBAS
 Internet and Web Technology?
• Internet is a collection of various types of networks,
located in the web servers. Web technology is defined
as the technology through which we can develop or
create various types of web pages.
• A web page is a document or resoursce pf information
is usually written in HTML that is suitable for the world
wide web(WWW).
• World wide web is a system, based on the hypertext
and HTTP, for providing, organizing, and accessing a
wide variety of resources.
 Web server?

• A web browser is a software that runs on a computer

and responds to the requests made by other computers
on the network. The web browser, an application
program sends request to a web server and accepts
response from the server.
• A web server manages the web sites, accepts a
client’s request and responds to a client request by
sending required information.
• The Apache HTTP server commonly referred to as
Apache, is a web server notable for playing a key role
in the initial youth of the world wide web. Apache
was the first viable alternative to the Netscape
communications corporation web server.
 Protocol?
• Protocol means the set of rules by which more than one network
can be connected with each other. Different types of protocols are
described below.
• Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) is responsible for verifying
the correct delivery of data from client to server. It adds support to
detest errors or lost data and to trigger re transmission until the
data is correctly and completely received.
• Internet Protocol(IP) is responsible for verifying the correct
delivery of data from client to server. It forwards each packet based
on a four byte destination address(IP number).
• File Transfer Protocol(FTP) is used for transferring files from one
computer to another typically from your computer to a web server.
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(HTTP) governs the transfer of
hypertext between two or more computers in hypertext or hyper
media environment.
 Internet
• Internet is a global network that connects billions of
computers across the world with each other and to the
World Wide Web. It uses standard internet protocol
suite (TCP/IP) to connect billions of computer users
worldwide. It is set up by using cables such as optical
fibers and other wireless and networking technologies.
At present, internet is the fastest mean of sending or
exchanging information and data between computers
across the world.
• It is believed that the internet was developed by
"Defense Advanced Projects Agency" (DARPA)
department of the United States. And, it was first
connected in 1969.
 Why is the Internet Called a Network?
• Internet is called a network as it creates a
network by connecting computers and servers
across the world using routers, switches and
telephone lines, and other communication
devices and channels. So, it can be considered a
global network of physical cables such as copper
telephone wires, fiber optic cables, tv cables, etc.
Furthermore, even wireless connections like 3G,
4G, or Wi-Fi make use of these cables to access
the Internet.
 Internet is different from the World Wide Web
• As the World Wide Web is a network of computers and
servers created by connecting them through the internet.
So, the internet is the backbone of the web as it provides
the technical infrastructure to establish the WWW and acts
as a medium to transmit information from one computer to
another computer. It uses web browsers to display the
information on the client, which it fetches from web
servers.
• The internet is not owned by a single person or
organization entirely. It is a concept based on physical
infrastructure that connects networks with other networks
to create a global network of billions of computers. As of
12 August 2016, there were more than 300 crores of
internet users across the world.
Now after understanding the basics, let us see how internet works?
 Advantages of the Internet:

• Instant Messaging: You can • Online Banking: It allows you

send messages or to use internet banking in which
communicate to anyone you can check your balance,
using internet, such as email, receive or transfer money, get a
voice chat, video statement, request cheque-book,
conferencing, etc. etc.
• Online Shopping: It allows • Online Selling: You can sell
you to shop online such as your products or services online.
you can be clothes, shoes, It helps you reach more
book movie tickets, railway customers and thus increases
tickets, flight tickets, and your sales and profit.
more. • Work from Home: you can do
• Pay Bills: You can pay your it using a system with internet
bills online, such as access. Today, many companies
electricity bills, gas bills, allow their employees to work
college fees, etc. from home.
 Cont…..

• Entertainment: You can listen to online music, watch

videos or movies, play online games.
• Cloud computing: It enables you to connect your
computers and internet-enabled devices to cloud services
such as cloud storage, cloud computing, etc.
• Career building: You can search for jobs online on different
job portals and send you CV through email if required.
• Get directions: Using GPS technology, you can get
directions to almost every place in a city, country, etc. You
can find restaurants, malls, or any other service near your
location.
 Intranet
• The intranet is a private network that belongs to a particular
organization. It is designed for the exclusive use of an
organization and its associates, such as employees, customers, and
other authorized people. It offers a secure platform to convey
information and share data with authorized users. Confidential
information, database, links, forms, and applications can be made
available to the staff through the intranet. So, it is like a private
internet or an internal website that is operating within an
organization to provide its employees access to its information
and records. Each computer in intranet is identified by a unique IP
Address.
Some of the benefits of the intranet are:
• It is cheap and easy to implement and run, and is more safe than
the internet and extranet.
• It streamlines communication that enables the company to share
its data, information, and other resources among employees
without any delay. The entire staff can receive company's
announcements, ask questions, and access internal documents.
• It provides a secure space to store and develop applications to
support business operations.
• It improves the efficiency of the company by speeding up
workflow and reducing errors. Thus, it helps achieve targets by
completing the tasks on time.
• It offers a testing platform for new ideas before they are
uploaded on the company's internet webpage. Thus, it helps
maintain the credibility of the company
How the Intranet Works:
 Disadvantages of Intranet:
• It may be costly to set up an Intranet due to hidden
costs and complexity.
• If the firewall does not work properly or not installed,
it can be hacked by someone
• High-security passwords are required, which cannot
be guessed by outside users
• There is always a fear of losing control over the
intranet
• Sometimes document duplication may happen which
can cause confusion among employees
• You have to give access to multiple users, so you may
find it hard to control this network.
 Examples of Intranet:

• Educational Intranet: It is generally found in a school, college, etc., For

example, a school intranet is intended to allow teaching staff to
communicate with each other and get information about upcoming updates
such as exam dates, schools functions, holidays, etc.
• Real Estate Intranet: The intranet of a real estate company allows its
sales team to have access to all important brochures, templates, forms that
they may need to close a sale. Employees also remain up to date with
important events like meetings, training, sessions, etc. It can also be used
to share motivational messages with the team.
• Health Care Intranet: In the healthcare sector, in big hospitals, the
Intranet helps health care professionals to work as a team to provide proper
care and treatment to their patients. Doctors can share reports, treatment
procedures, bills and claims can be settled easily without moving from one
department to another department.
• IT Sector Intranet: In the IT sector three is always a lot of information
that needs to be shared with all the employees at one go. It may be related
to a project that needs to be completed within the given time frame, such as
guidelines, terms and conditions, and rules that are to be followed while
working on a project.
 Difference between Intranet and Internet:
Internet Intranet

It is a medium such as optical fiber cable It is a small, private network as it belongs

that connects billions of computers with to a specific organization.
each other to establish a worldwide
network.
It has billions of users as it is a public It has limited users.
network with a worldwide presence.
It is not as safe as an intranet. It is a safer network than the internet.
It can be assessed or used by anyone Only authorized persons can use this
using an internet-enable devices, such as network.
laptop, mobile phone, etc.
It offers a wide range of information, It offers limited information related to its
such as news, blogs, websites, etc. organization's work, policies, updates, etc.
It is not owned by a single person or an It can be owned by a person or an
organization. organization.
 Extranet
• Extranet is a part of an organization's intranet. It is a
communication network that is based on internet
protocols (TCP/IP). It provides controlled access to
firm's intranet to its trading partners, customers, and
other businesses. So, it is a private network that
securely shares internal information and operations of
a firm with authorized people outside the firm
without giving access to the company's entire
network. The users are required to have IDs,
passwords, and other authentication mechanisms to
access this network.
 Some of the benefits of extranet:
• It acts as a single interface between the company and its
trading partners.
• It automates the firm's processes like automatically places
an order with suppliers when inventory drops.
• It improves customer service by providing customers a
platform to resolve their queries and complaints.
• It enables the firm to share information with trading
partners without engaging in paper-based publishing
processes.
• It streamlines business processes that are repetitive in
nature, such as ordering from a vendor on a regular basis.
 Limitations of Extranet:
• Hosting: If you host extranet pages on your own server, it
requires a high bandwidth internet connection, which is
may be very expensive.
• Security: You need extra firewall security if you host it on
your own server. It increases the workload and makes
security mechanism very complex.
• Dependency: It is dependent on the internet as outsiders
cannot access information without using the internet.
• Less Interaction: It reduces the face to face interaction
between customers, business partners, vendors, etc., which
results in poor relationship building.
 Difference between Intranet and Extranet:

Intranet Extranet

It is a private network, which cannot be It may not be called a private network, as it

accessed externally. can be assessed externally. It provides
limited access to authorized outside-users
such as vendors, partners, etc.

It connects the employees of the company. It connects the company's employees with
partners.

It is an independent network, not a part It is an additional part of company's Intranet.

or extension of any other network.

Communication takes place only within External users such as suppliers, customers,
the organization that owns the network. and partners are allowed to be a part of
intranet to get information, updates, about
the organization.
Website
• Website is a collection of related web
pages that may contain text, images, audio,
and video, etc. The first page of a website
is called a home page. Each website has a
specific internet address (URL) that you
need to enter in your browser to access a
website.
• A website is hosted on one or more servers
and can be accessed by visiting its
homepage using a computer network. A
website is managed by its owner that can
be an individual, company, or
organization.
• The first website was introduced on 6
August 1991. It was developed by Tim
Berners-Lee at CERN. As of January 2018,
there were around 1.7 billion websites on
the internet.
 What is the need for a website?
• A popular website is another name of success in
modern times as today we are living in a digital world
where people are spending most of their spare time
on internet browsing news, images, videos, and more.
A website is the first thing that appears on the screen
of your laptop when you search for a product or
service, or any other information online. So, it is very
important to have a website whether you are a
businessman, organization, online store, etc. Let us
understand how a website can help you grow your
business!
 The benefits of having a website are as follows:
• 1. Cost-effective: The marketing of products and services
through a website is less costly than print advertising, TV, and
radio advertising. It also allows you to make changes related to
your products and services such as you can edit products'
specifications, features, discount offers, etc.
• 2. Broder demographic reach: A website can help your
business reach people with diverse backgrounds throughout the
world.
• 3. Business credibility: Having a website that is user-friendly
and professional looking for your business makes people
consider your business more credible than others who don't have
a website to represent their businesses online.
• 4. 24/7 availability: You can keep your products available for
sale around the clock through a website. Customers can buy
anytime, and thus you can earn more profits than a traditional
storefront.
• 5. Consumer convenience: It improves the shopping experience
of your customers; they can buy your products from the comfort
of their home.
• 6. Build customer rapport: Online presence helps you build and
maintain a rapport among your customers. You can also introduce
special offers or discounts for your loyal customers.
• 7. Improves productivity: It saves your time as you don't need to
explain your products or services to each customer separately, as
all the information is already available on the website.
• 8. Educate your customers: You can educate people about the
benefits of your products and can show them how they are betters
than the competitors' products.
• 9. Change location: You can move your business to another
location without affecting your sales as customers still can find
you through your website.
• 10. Grow manpower: You can post job openings for vacant
positions and allow applicants to check job descriptions and
apply online.
• 11: Personalized email address: It allows you to set up
personalized email addresses for employees, companies,
partners, etc. You can receive mails on these mail ids and reply
accordingly. Furthermore, you can share offers, happy hours,
updates, and can get feedback through email.
• 12. Improve customer service: It allows you to improve
customer services such as you can share phone numbers to
contact you, and display other relevant information such as order
status, delivery status, refund or replacement procedure, etc.
 Types of Websites:
A website can be of two types based on the type
of webpages:
• Static Website
• Dynamic Website
 Static website
• A static website, as the name suggests, is a website in
which pages do not change or remain the same. It is
the basic type of website that is easy to create,
maintain, and host. You don't need web programming
and database design to create a static website. Its
webpages are coded in HTML. The codes are fixed
for each page, so the information contained in the
page does not change, and it looks like a printed page.
However, changes can be made by changing the
codes if required.
 Benefits of a Static Website:
• It takes less time to create a static website.
• It is less costly to develop this website.
• The webpages are delivered at high speed by the
servers.
• Hosting through dedicated servers is available at
a low price.
• It is more secure than dynamic sites as it does
not rely on CMS plugins and server-side
scripting.
 Dynamic website
• A dynamic website is a collection of dynamic web pages whose
content changes dynamically. It accesses content from a database
or Content Management System (CMS). Therefore, when you
alter or update the content of the database, the content of the
website is also altered or updated.
• A dynamic website uses client-side scripting or server-side
scripting, or both to generate the dynamic content. For example,
when a browser sends a request to the server, the server contacts
the application server with further interacts with the database
server to fetch the content, which is customized as per the user's
requests and requirements. For example, a Facebook page may
appear different to different users as per their friends' list,
interests, location, etc.
 Benefits of a Dynamic Website:
• It is very quick and easy to make changes in a dynamic
website as it is integrated with high-end programming.
• The webpages are easier to maintain despite of being full
of information and graphics.
• E-commerce sites are dynamic as they need to be
impressive and have easy navigation from one page to
other pages.
• It makes your site look professional.
• The users can get customized information as per their
interests, needs, and profile, etc. For example,
facebook.com, flipkart.com, etc.
Static Website Dynamic Website
As the name suggests, Its webpages do not change in terms As the name suggests, the webpages keep changing as
of design, content, etc. The information or content remains per users' requirements such as Facebook profile pages
the same. and an E-commerce site. So, the content does not remain
the same.
It mainly uses HTML and CSS and does not require server- It requires server-side scripting, application server, and
side scripting, application server, and database. database to create and send dynamic webpages to the
client.

It has a limited number of pages. It may contain thousands of pages in the database.
Its hosting cost is low, as HTML files need less space on the Its hosting cost is higher as dynamic pages need more
server. space on the server.
It requires low maintenance. It requires high maintenance.
It loads quickly as it involves the use of mark-up languages It takes more time to load due to the more processing
to create a webpage. time.
It lacks the Content management feature. It makes use of the Content Management Feature.
The content of the webpage cannot be changed during The webpage content can be changed during runtime.
runtime.
It does not require interaction with a database. Interaction with the database occurs.
It is more secure or fewer chances of it getting hacked as it It is less secure and may get hacked easily as it uses
doesn't use plugins. many plugins and content sources.
It is more reliable, e.g., whenever the server is down, it is It is less reliable, as it may go down for hours if the
redirected to other nearby nodes. server breaks down.
 Types of Websites based on their purpose,
target audience, etc.
• 1. Blog: It is a type of website that provides information or in which
posts are added regularly in reverse chronological order, latest post or
entries on top of the main page, and old ones towards the bottom. A blog
is usually owned by a single person or a small group of people.
• 2. E-commerce: These types of websites are like online shops where
people can buy products through online payment from the comfort of
their home, office, etc. Anyone who wants to sell products online can
create an E-commerce site instead of investing in setting up a traditional
brick-and-mortar shop.
• 3. Informational: These websites are created to provide free online
information to users, e.g., tutorials, news, general knowledge-based
sites. Today, you don't need to visit libraries to read a book, newspaper,
novel, etc. owing to the presence of lots of informational sites.
• 4. Online Community: These sites offer a platform to interact and share
ideas with others through internet. You can find people with similar
interests and backgrounds and interact with them to fulfil your objectives
that may include promoting a product or service, taking feedback about
your products, or asking questions related to a survey.
• 5. Social Media: These sites are created to provide users a platform where
they can build their personal profiles with a lot of features such as creating
a friend list, sending and accepting friend requests, sending messages,
creating and joining groups, and share information with others users,
comment on others' post, pictures, videos, etc.
• 6. Brochure: It is the simplest type of website which comprises few pages.
It is used by small businesses to have a simple online presence or to
provide an overview of their business. Such websites are generally static
where the content does not change, i.e., the same information is displayed
to all users.
• 7. Non-profit: The sites are created to raise money for social causes such
as to provide free medical treatment to poor, free basic education to
children, free food to children to prevent malnutrition, etc.