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1.1-Digital Computer - Components

Digital computers are programmable machines that execute lists of instructions called programs. They have hardware components like the CPU, memory, and I/O devices, as well as software that provides instructions. The CPU controls all other components and includes the ALU for arithmetic/logic operations and the control unit for generating timing signals. Memory stores programs, data, and results. Input devices collect and translate data for the computer while output devices produce results for the user.

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Brian Ombura Okal
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8 views13 pages

1.1-Digital Computer - Components

Digital computers are programmable machines that execute lists of instructions called programs. They have hardware components like the CPU, memory, and I/O devices, as well as software that provides instructions. The CPU controls all other components and includes the ALU for arithmetic/logic operations and the control unit for generating timing signals. Memory stores programs, data, and results. Input devices collect and translate data for the computer while output devices produce results for the user.

Uploaded by

Brian Ombura Okal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Welcome

Digital Computer and its


Components
Learning Outcomes
On the successful completion of this session you will be able to:
• Define Computer Architecture circuitry
• Explain Digital computers, its components and their functions
Computer Architecture
Conceptual structure and functional behavior of a computer system.
Determines attributes of components and organization. We study it to
Better understand and use computer systems efficiently, and to
Design better computer systems.
• Computer Organization is concerned with the way the hardware
components operate and the way they are connected together to
form the computer system.
• Computer design is concerned with the hardware design of the
computer. It is concerned with the determination of what
hardware should be used and how the parts should be connected.
Digital computers
• Computer is a programmable machine that execute
the list of instructions followed by certain rules
called a program.

• Modern computers are electronic and digital. The


actual machinery components like wires, transistors
and circuits are called hardware whereas the
instruction and data stored in computer to make
this machine workable is called a software
5
Digital computers

6
Components of a Computer System
• Computer Hardware provides the physical mechanism
to process, store and input/output data. Includes CPU,
memory, I/O devices etc.
• Software provides instructions to tell the hardware
what tasks to perform. It includes operating system
like Window XP and application software like MS-
Office.
• Data in the computer may be representing numbers,
characters, graphics, sound etc but is always kept in a
form that the hardware and software can manipulate.
Components of digital computer and
their functions
• Central Processing Unit
The CPU is the brain of a computer. It also controls the
operation of all other components such as memory,
input and output devices. Under its control, programs
and data re stored in the memory and displayed on the
CRT screen or printed by the printer. The CPU of a small
computer is a microprocessor. The CPU of a large
computer contains a number of microprocessors and
other ICs on one or more circuit boards.
Components of digital computer and
their functions (Cont.)
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
The function of an ALU is to perform arithmetic
and logic operations such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division; AND, OR, NOT
(Complement) and EXCLUSIVE-OR operations. It
also performs increment, decrement, shift and
clear operations.
Components of digital computer and
their functions (Cont.)
• Control Unit (CU)
It generates timing and control signals necessary
for the execution of instructions. It controls the
entire operation of a computer. It is actually the
control section of the CPU, which acts as the brain
of a computer.
Components of digital computer and
their functions (Cont.)
Input & Output Devices
• Input Devices collect & translate raw data into the
form useable by computer. For example keyboard
accepts letters and numbers and converts them to a
binary code such as Unicode.
• Output devices produce results in useable form for
user. For example monitor converts binary codes to
characters and images, whilst modem converts digital
data to analog form for transmission over telephone
lines.
Components of digital computer and
their functions (Cont.)
• Memory Unit
The function of the memory is to store
information. It stores program, data, results or any
other kind of information. We have two types of
memory: primary memory also known as a main
memory and secondary memory also known as
auxiliary memory.
Thank you !

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