II.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
1. What comes to your mind
when you hear the term “modern
art”?
2. Give some qualities or
characteristics that make you
consider an artwork “modern.”
3. How is modern art different from
earlier styles of art that you know?
4. Have you heard of the art
movement known as impressionism?
5. If yes, can you name one famous
impressionist artist that you know of?
6. Can you name or recognize one
well-known artwork in the
impressionist
style?
MODERN
ART
 MODERN
ART
Modern art includes artistic work produced
during the period extending roughly from
the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles
and philosophies of the art produced during
that era. The term is usually associated with
art in which the traditions of the past have
been thrown aside in a spirit of
experimentation.
 MODERN
ART
Modern artists experimented
with new ways of seeing and
with fresh ideas about the
nature of materials and
functions of art.
 MODERN
ART
A rejection of history and
conservative values (such as
realistic depiction of subjects);
innovation and experimentation
with form (the shapes, colours and
lines that make up the work)
 “first
impression.”
•a quick glance,
•an unclear or
incomplete image of
something
• a partial sense of
what something is
Impressionism: Origins of the
Movement
-an art movement that emerged in the
second half of the 19th century among a
group of Paris-based artists.
-The duration of the impressionist
movement itself was quite short, less
than 20 years from 1872 to the mid-
1880s.
-But it had a tremendous impact and
influence on the painting styles that
followed, such as neo-impressionism, post-
impressionism, fauvism, and cubism—and
even the artistic styles and movements of
today.
-The name impressionism was coined from
the title of a work by French painter
Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant (in
English, Impression, Sunrise).
The term precisely captured what this
-

group of artists sought to represent in their

works: the viewer’s momentary
“impression” of an image.

- It was not intended to be clear or precise

Impression
, Sunrise
Claude
Monet,
1872
Oil on
canvas
 The Influence of Delacroix As with all
emerging art movements, impressionism owed
its inspiration to earlier masters. One major
influence was the work of French painter
Eugène Delacroix. Delacroix was greatly
admired and emulated by the early
impressionists—specifically for his use of
expressive brushstrokes, his emphasis on
movement rather than on clarity of form, and
most of all his study of the optical effects of
color.
 In particular, Delacroix’s
painting, The Baroque of Dante,
contained a then revolutionary
technique that would profoundly
influence the coming impressionist
movement. And it involved
something as simple as droplets of
water.
The Barque of Dante
Eugène Delacroix, 1822
Oil on canvas
Putting this and similar
principles into wider
practice, future painters
would carry French art into
one of its richest periods:
impressionism
Impressionism:
A Break from Past Painting Traditions
Here were several areas in which
impressionist artists moved away from the
established practices of art at that time.
These involved their use of color, choice of
subject matter and setting, and use of
technique for capturing light and
conveying movement.
Color and Light
The painting conventions and techniques
of earlier art periods were very much
concerned with line, form, and
composition. In contrast, the
impressionists painted with freely
brushed colors that conveyed more of a
visual effect than a detailed rendering of
the subject.
They used short “broken” strokes that
were intentionally made visible to the
viewer. They also often placed pure
unmixed colors side by side, rather than
blended smoothly or shaded. The result
was a feeling of energy and intensity, as
the colors appeared to shift and move—
again, just as they do in reality.
“Everyday” Subjects
Impressionists also began to break away
from the creation of formally posed portraits and
grandiose depictions of mythical, literary,
historical, or religious subjects. They ventured
into capturing scenes of life around them,
household objects, landscapes and seascapes,
houses, cafes, and buildings.
 They presented ordinary people
seemingly caught off-guard doing
everyday tasks, at work or at leisure, or
doing nothing at all. And they were not
made to look beautiful or lifelike, as
body parts could be distorted and facial
features merely suggested by a few
strokes of the brush.
 By the 1870s, the stage was set for the
emergence of the next major art movement
in Europe, impressionism. It started with a
group of French painters—that included
Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Auguste
Renoir—and eventually spread to other
countries, such as Italy, Germany, and The
Netherlands.
Impressionism:
Works of :
•Manet
•Monet
• Renoir
Edouard Manet (1832-1883)
•was one of the first 19th century
artists to depict modern-life subjects.
• He was a key figure in the transition
from realism to impressionism, with a
number of his works considered as
marking the birth of modern art.
Argenteuil
Edouard
Manet,
1874
Rue Mosnier
Decked With
Flags
Edouard
Manet
1874
Oil on
canvas
Café Concert
Edouard Manet, 1878s Oil on canvas
The Bar at the Folies-Bergere
Edouard Manet, 1882 Oil on canvas
 CLAUDE MONET

Claude Monet (1840-1926)

•was one of the founders of the
impressionist movement along with
his friends Auguste Renoir, Alfred
Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille.
•He was the most prominent of the
group; and is considered the most
influential figure in the movement.
• best known for his landscape paintings,
particularly those depicting his beloved
flower gardens and water lily ponds at
his home in Giverny.
La Promenade 1875 Claude Monet, 1875
Oil on canvas
The Red Boats, Argenteuil
Claude Monet, 1875 Oil on canvas
Bridge
Over a
Pond of
Water
Monet,
1899
Oil on
canvas
Lilies Irises
in
Monet’s
Garden
Claude
Monet,
1900
Oil on
canvas
Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
• along with Claude Monet, was one
of the central figures of the
impressionist movement.
• His early works were snapshots of
real life, full of sparkling color and
light.
 By the mid-1880s, however,
Renoir broke away from the
impressionist movement to apply a
more disciplined, formal technique to
portraits OF ACTUAL PEOPLE
AND FIGURE PAINTINGS.
Dancer
Auguste Renoir
1874
Oil on canvas
A Girl with a
Watering
Can
Auguste
Renoir, 1876
Oil on canvas
Mlle Irene Cahen d’Anvers
Auguste Renoir, 1880 Oil on
Luncheon of the Boating Party
Auguste Renoir, 1881 Oil on canvas
 Post
impressionism
 After the brief yet highly
influential period of impressionism, an
outgrowth movement known as post-
impressionism emerged. The European
artists who were at the forefront of this
movement continued using the basic
qualities of the impressionists before
them—the vivid colors, heavy brush
strokes, and true-to-life subjects.
 However, they expanded and
experimented with these in bold
new ways, like using a geometric
approach, fragmenting objects
and distorting people’s faces
and body parts, and applying
colors that were not necessarily
realistic or natural.
Two of the foremost
post-impressionists
were
1.Paul Cézanne and
2.Vincent van Gogh
Paul Cézanne (1839–1906)
-French artist and post-
impressionist painter.
-His work exemplified the transition
from late 19th-century impressionism
to a new and radically different world
of art in the 20th century—paving the
way for the next revolutionary art
movement known as expressionism.
Hortense
Fiquet in a
Striped
Skirt
Paul
Cezanne,
1878 Paul
Oil on
canvas
Still Life with Compotier
Paul Cezanne, 1879-1882
Oil on canvas
Boy in a
Red Vest
Paul
Cezanne,
1890
Oil on
canvas
 Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was
a post-impressionist painter from The
Netherlands. His works were
remarkable for their strong, heavy
brush strokes, INTENSE EMOTIONS,
AND COLORS that appeared to almost
pulsate with energy. Van Gogh’s
striking style was to have a far-reaching
influence on 20th century art, with his
works becoming among the most
recognized in the world.
Starry
Night
Vincent
van
Gogh,
1889
Oil on
canvas
Wheat
Field with
Cypresses
Vincent
van Gogh,
1889
Oil on
canvas
Bedroom at Arles
Vincent van Gogh,
Oil on canvas
The
Sower
Vincent
Van
Gogh
1888
Oin on
canvas
Impressionism and You
1. Which of the impressionist
masters—Manet, Monet,
Renior, Cezanne, and Van
Gogh—has a style that most
strongly appeals to you?
Explain briefly.
2. On a personal
level, what struck
you most about the
impressionist style of
art? Why?
PRESEIONSSXIM
Miners’
Wives
Ben
Shahn,
1948
Egg
tempera on
board
Is the name of the art
movement
“expressionism” familiar
to you at all? If yes, what
do you know about this
movement?
EXPRESSIONISM
Expressionism:
A Bold New
Movement
Expressionism: A Bold New
Movement
-early 1900s, there arose in the
Western art world a movement
that came to be known as
expressionism. Expressionist artists
created works with more emotional
force, rather than with realistic or
natural images.
To achieve this, they distorted
outlines, applied strong colors,
and exaggerated forms. They
worked more with their
imagination and feelings,
rather than with what their
eyes saw in the physical world.
Among the various styles that
arose within the expressionist art
movements were:
· neoprimitivism
· fauvism
· dadaism
· surrealism
· social realism
Neo-primitivism was an art style that
incorporated elements from the native
arts of the South Sea Islanders and the
wood carvings of African tribes which
suddenly became popular at that time.
Among the Western artists who adapted
these elements was Amedeo Modigliani,
who used the oval faces and elongated
shapes of African art in both his
sculptures and paintings
Head
Amedeo
Modiglia
ni, c.
1913
Stone
Yellow
Sweater
Amedeo
Modigliani,
1919
Oil on
canvas
Fauvism was a style that used
bold, vibrant colors and visual
distortions. Its name was derived
from les fauves (“wild beasts”),
referring to the group of French
expressionist painters who painted
in this style. Perhaps the most
known among them was Henri
Matisse.
Blue
Window
Henri
Matisse,
1911
Oil on canvas
Woman
with Hat
Henri
Matisse,
1905
Oil on
canvas
Dadaism was a style
characterized by dream
fantasies, memory images, and
visual tricks and surprises—as
in the paintings of Marc Chagall
and Giorgio de Chirico.
Melancholy
and
Mystery of a
Street
Giorgio de
Chirico,
1914
Oil on
I and
the
Village
Marc
Chagall
, 1911
Oil on
canvas
Surrealism was a style that depicted
an illogical, subconscious dream world
beyond the logical, conscious, physical
one. Its name came from the term
“super realism,” with its artworks
clearly expressing a departure from
reality—as though the artists were
dreaming, seeing illusions, or
experiencing an altered mental state.
Many surrealist works
depicted morbid or gloomy
subjects, as in those by
Salvador Dali. Others were
quite playful and even
humorous, such as those by
Paul Klee and Joan Miro.
Persistence of Memory
Salvador Dali, 1931
Oil on canvas
Diana Personages with Star
Joan Miro, 1933
Oil on canvas
Diana
Paul
Klee,
1932
Oil on
wood
 The movement known as
social realism-expressed the
artist’s role in social reform.
Here, artists used their works to
protest against the injustices,
inequalities, immorality, and
ugliness of the human condition.
In different periods of history,
social realists have addressed
different issues: war, poverty,
corruption, industrial and
environmental hazards, and more
—in the hope of raising people’s
awareness and pushing society to
seek reforms.
Miners’
Wives
Ben
Shahn,
1948
Egg
tempera
on board
Guernica
Pablo Picasso, 1937
Oil on canvas (Size: 11’ 5 1/2” x 25’ 5 3/4”)
Pablo Picasso’s Guernica has been
recognized as the most monumental
and comprehensive statement of
social realism against the brutality of
war. It was Picasso’s outcry against
the German air raid of the town of
Guernica in his native Spain.
It made use of the exaggeration,
distortion, and shock technique
of expressionism. At the same
time, it had elements of the
emerging style that would later
be known as cubism.
Expressionism is a movement of
modern art that began in Europe
in the early 1900s. It was more
concerned with emotional impact,
rather than realism. To do this, it
made use of distorted outlines,
strong colors, and exaggerated
forms.
Expressionism has several sub-
movements, namely:
neoprimitivism, fauvism, dadaism,
surrealism, and social realism. The
Spanish painter Pablo Picasso was
one of the foremost figures in
expressionist art, along with Henri
Matisse, Salvador Dali, Paul Klee, and
Joan Miro.
1.Give a brief definition of the
modern art movement called
expressionism.
2. When and where did it begin?
3. Name three expressionist artists
that you learned about in this
session.
4. Name the five sub-movements of
expressionism.
 END
Of
PART I
bstcarAsimntio
Abstractionism
Another group of artistic styles
emerged at the same time as the
expressionist movement. It had the
same spirit of freedom of
expression and openness that
characterized life in the 20th
century, but it differed from
expressionism in certain ways. This
group of styles was known as
The abstractionist
movement arose from
the intellectual points
of view in the 20 th

century.
This intellectualism was
reflected even in art. While
expressionism was emotional,
abstractionism was logical
and rational. It involved
analyzing, detaching,
selecting, and simplifying.
Oval Still
Life (Le
Violon)
Georges
Braque,
1914
Oil on
canvas
Artists reduced a scene into
geometrical shapes, patterns, lines,
angles, textures and swirls of color.
The resulting works ranged from
representational abstractionism,
depicting still recognizable subjects to
pure abstractionism, where no
recognizable subject could be
discerned
Grouped under
abstractionism are the
following art styles:
 cubism
 futurism
 mechanical style
 non objectivism
Cubism
The cubist style derived its
name from the cube, a three
dimensional geometric figure
composed of strictly measured
lines, planes, and angles. Cubist
artworks were, therefore, a play
of planes and angles on a flat
surface.
Foremost
among the
cubists was
Spanish
painter/sculptor
Pablo Picasso
(right).
Three
Musicians
Pablo
Picasso,
1921
Oil on
canvas
Girl Before
a Mirror
(detail)
Pablo
Picasso,
1932
Oil on
canvas
The movement known as
futurism began in Italy in the
early 1900s. As the name
implies, the futurists created
art for a fast-paced, machine-
propelled age. They admired
the motion, force, speed, and
strength of mechanical forms.
 Thus, their works
depicted the dynamic
sensation of all these—
as can be seen in the
works of Italian painter
Gino Severini.
Armored
Train
Gino
Severini,
1915
Oil on
canvas
Mechanical Style
As a result of the
futurist movement,
what became known as
the mechanical style
emerged.
In this style, basic
forms such as planes,
cones, spheres, and
cylinders all fit
together precisely and
neatly in their
The
City
Fernand
Léger,
1919
Oil on
canvas
Nonobjectivism
The logical geometrical
conclusion of abstractionism came
in the style known as non
objectivism. From the very term
“non-object,” works in this style
did not make use of figures or
even representations of figures.
They did not refer to
recognizable objects or forms
in the outside world. Lines,
shapes, and colors were used
in a cool, impersonal
approach that aimed for
balance, unity, and stability.
Colors were mainly black,
white, and the primaries
(red, yellow, and blue).
Foremost among the non
objectivists was Dutch
painter Piet Mondrian
New York City
Piet Mondrian, 1942
Oil on canvas
 Abstract
Expressionism,
Pop Art, Op Art
The New York School
In the 1920s and 1930s, aspiring
young American painters,
sculptors, and writers sailed to
Europe to expand their horizons.
But during the dark days of World
War II, a reverse migration
brought European scientists,
architects, and artists to American
shores.
New York, in particular, became a
haven for the newly-arrived artists
and their American counterparts.
The result was the establishment
of what came to be known as
“The New York School”—as
opposed to “The School of Paris”
that had been very influential in
Europe.
The daring young artists in
this movement succeeded in
creating their own synthesis
of Europe’s cubist and
surrealist styles. Their style
came to be known as abstract
expressionism.
 Autumn Rhythm
Jackson Pollock, 1950
Oil on canvas
Color Field Painting
In contrast to the vigorous
gestures of the action painters,
another group of artists who
came to be known as “color field
painters” used different color
saturations (purity, vividness,
intensity) to create their desired
effects.
Some of their works
were huge fields of
vibrant color—as in the
paintings of Mark
Rothko and Barnett
Newman.
Magenta,
Black,Green
on Orange
Mark
Rothko,
1949
Oil on
canvas
Vir Heroicus Sublimis
Barnett Newman, 1950-1951
Oil on canvas
After “The New York School”
By the early 1960s, the
momentum of The New York
School slowed down. In its
place, a new crop of artists came
on the scene using lighter
treatment and flashes of humor,
even irreverence, in their
artworks.
The movements they
brought about have come
to be called:
 neo dadaism and pop
art
 conceptual art
 op art
Like the dadaist movement that arose
after World War I, the neodadaism of
the 1960s wanted to make reforms in
traditional values. It also made use of
Common place, trivial, even
nonsensical objects. But unlike the
angry, serious tone of the original
dadaists, the neodadaists seemed to
enjoy nonsense for its own sake and
simply wanted to laugh at the world.
Their works ranged from
paintings, to posters, to collages,
to three dimensional
“assemblages” and installations.
These made use of easily
recognizable objects and images
from the emerging consumer
society—as in the prints of Andy
Warhol
Twelve
Cars
Andy
Warhol,
1967
Art print
Marilyn
Monroe
Andy
Warhol,
1967
Silkscreen
print
Whaam!
Roy Lichtenstein, 1963
Acrylic and oil on canvas
Conceptual Art
As the term implies, conceptual art was
that which arose in the mind of the artist,
took concrete form for a time, and then
disappeared (unless it was captured in
photo or film documentation).
Conceptualists questioned the idea of art as
objects to be bought and sold. Instead, they
brought their artistic ideas to life
temporarily, using such unusual materials
as grease, blocks of ice, food, even just
plain dirt.
One and Three
Chairs
Joseph Kosuth,
1965
An actual chair
(center), with a
photograph of
the same chair
Op Art
Another movement that emerged in the
1960s was optical art or “op art.” This
was yet another experiment in visual
experience—a form of “action painting,”
with the action taking place in the
viewer’s eye. In op art, lines, spaces, and
colors were precisely planned and
positioned to give the illusion of
movement
Current
Bridget Riley, 1964
Synthetic polymer paint on composition board
Contemporary Arts
Forms:
Installation Art and
Performance Art
Installation art is a contemporary art
form that uses sculptural materials
and other media to modify the way the
viewer experiences a particular space.
Usually life size or sometimes even
larger, installation art is not necessarily
confined to gallery spaces. It can be
constructed or positioned in everyday
public or private spaces, both indoor and
outdoor
Cordillera Labyrinth
Roberto Villanueva, 1989
Bamboo and runo grass
Outdoor installation at the Cultural Center of the
Philippines
Pasyon at Rebolusyon
 Go to Room 117
Sid Gomez Hildawa, 1990
Mixed media installation
Four Masks
Performance art is a form of modern art in
which the actions of an individual or a
group
at a particular place and in a particular time
constitute the work. It can happen anywhere,
at any time, or for any length of time. It can
be any situation that involves four basic
elements:
 time
 space
 the performer’s body
 a relationship between performer and