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Algebra - Functions

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Nidhi Devidasan
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24 views10 pages

Algebra - Functions

Uploaded by

Nidhi Devidasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONS &

RELATIONS
•What do you mean by a FUNCTION?
•International Mindedness: Ancient Babylonian Scriptures contain the use of Algebra almost 3000 years ago!

•Why do we need Functions?

•Have you used function in daily life?

•What do you mean by the Domain of a function?

•What is Range?
ORDERED PAIRS:

A pair of numbers used to locate a point on a coordinate plane is called an ordered pair. An
ordered pair is written in the form (x,y) where x is the x-coordinate and y is the y-coordinate.
e.g.: (x,y),(5,-2),(b1,b2) etc.
• For eg:
8 0

 We have X = {8,9,10,11} 9 1
Y = {0,1,2,3}
10 2
• Find out the set of all the ordered
pairs possible between the 2 sets X 11 3
& Y.

 A total of 16 outcomes. X Y
Arrow Diagram (mapping diagram)
• X×Y={(8,0),(8,1),(8,2),(8,3),(9,0),(9,1),(9,2)(9,3),(10,0),(10,1),(10,2)(10,3),(11,0),(11,1),(11,2),(11,3)}
RELATION :
A relation R is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) such that x ∈ A, y ∈ B and A & B are non
empty sets.
FUNCTIONS:
https://www.mathsisfun.com/sets/function.html
A function is a relation which derives one OUTPUT for each given INPUT.
A function f is a relation in which every x- value has a unique y- value. Note that
function is a type of Relation.
Domain, Co- Domain & Range of a function:
• Domain: The set of all first elements of the ordered pairs in a relation R
from a set X to a set Y is called the Domain of the relation R
• Range: The set of all second elements in a relation R from
a set X to a set Y is called the Range of the relation R.
• Co-Domain: The whole set Y is called the Co domain of the relation R.
Note that Range ⊆ co domain.
Q1. List out the differences in between a Relation & a Function

WHEN DOES A RELATION BECOME A


FUNCTION?
• f acts on all elements of the domain.
• f is well defined, i.e. it pairs each element of
the domain with one and only one element
of the range. Therefore if f contains two
ordered pairs (a,b1) & (a,b2) then b1=b2. If
b1≠b2, it means that that Relation is NOT a
function.
• The above condition does not however
apply to the range.
Types of Functions
In terms of relations, we can define the types of functions as:
•One to one function or Injective function: A function f: P → Q is said to be one to one if for each
element of P there is a distinct element of Q.
For e.g.: One person has one passport, and the passport can only be used by one person.
•Many to one function: A function which maps two or more elements of P to the same element of
set Q.
For e.g.:y=x2
•Onto Function or Surjective function: A function for which every element of set Q there is pre-
image in set P
•One-one correspondence or Bijective function: The function f matches with each element of P
with a discrete element of Q and every element of Q has a pre-image in P.
Special Functions in Algebra
• Linear Function
A linear function is a function which forms a straight line in a graph. It is generally a
polynomial function whose degree is utmost 1 or 0.
Linear Function Graph has a straight line whose expression or formula is given by;
y = f(x) = px + q
The expression for the linear function is the formula to graph a straight line. The expression
for the linear equation is;
y = mx + c
This formula is also called slope formula.
Applying linear equation to solve real world problems
Q1. A rental company charges a flat fee of $30 and an additional $0.25 per mile to rent a
moving van. Write a linear equation to approximate the cost y (in dollars) in terms of x, the
number of miles driven. How much would a 75 mile trip cost?
A1. Using the slope-intercept form of a linear equation, with the total cost
labeled y (dependent variable) and the miles labeled x (independent variable):
y=mx+by=mx+b
The total cost is equal to the rate per mile times the number of miles driven plus the cost for
the flat fee:
y=0.25x+30y=0.25x+30
To calculate the cost of a 75 mile trip, substitute 75 for x into the equation:
y=0.25x+30 = 0.25(75)+30 = 18.75+30 = 48.75y
= 0.25x+30
= 0.25(75)+30
=18.75+30
= 48.75
Q3.To find electricity consumed on day 1,2,3… Let’s say the average amount of electricity
consumed is 23 units.
So what would be the electricity consumed at the end of the nth day?

Q4. Suppose that you take a car for rent. There is a fixed charge of Rs.200 plus Rs.25 for
every hour. What would be the equation to find out the amount charges for renting the car for
‘t’ hours?

Application of linear equation in business and economics


Q5. A dress is on 35 % sale and is for Rs. 15.00 How much was the dress being sold for
before the sale?

Application of system of linear equation


Q6. Shyam can clean a 4 BHK residential flat in 6 hours. If Ram and Shyam work together
then they can clean it in 4 hours. How long would it take Ram to clean the 4 BHK residential
flat by himself?

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